G10 Unit 25 (Lipids)

Question 1

large, nonpolar biomolecules

mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Unlike proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, lipids do not have

Answer 2

repeating basic structure

Question 3

are lipids composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 3

Triglycerides

Question 4

Triglycerides found in animals

Answer 4

fats

Question 5

Triglycerides in plants

Answer 5

oils

Question 6

Triglycerides are produced when glycerol reacts with fatty acids via

Answer 6

condensation

Question 7

a molecule with three carbons, each containing a hydroxyl (−OH) group

Answer 7

Glycerol

Question 8

a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with a carboxyl (−COOH) group

Answer 8

fatty acid

Question 9

three fatty acids bond to glycerol, they form _ _

Bonds

Answer 9

ester bonds

Question 10

Functions of Triglycerides

Answer 10

important storage for fatty acids

are also known for being a good source of insulation for animals

Question 11

lipids that are produced by both plants and animals

Answer 11

Waxes

Question 12

are lipids that contain phosphate groups, and are biologically very important molecules

Answer 12

Phospholipids

Question 13

A phospholipid is composed of a

Answer 13

phosphate “head”

fatty acid “tail”

Question 14

phosphate “head”

Answer 14

hydrophilic

Question 15

fatty acid “tail”

Answer 15

hydrophobic

Question 16

One of the most important functions of phospholipids in organisms

Answer 16

ability to form layers

Question 17

are lipids without fatty acid chains

Answer 17

Steroids

Question 18

came from the Greek word stereos meaning

Answer 18

solid

Question 19

Steroids have _ rings in their structure

Answer 19

multiple

Question 20

Some steroids have _ _ that help balance their solubility in water.

Answer 20

hydroxyl groups

Question 21

Steroids have diverse functions

Answer 21

from diatery substances to body hormones found in different parts of an organism

Question 22

Functions of Lipids

Answer 22

Lipids are the reserved sources of energy. The energy stored in their bonds is used by the body as fuel.
Lipids like waxes are used as a protective coating of organisms.
The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which is made up of two layers of lipids.
Many hormones found in both plants and animals are made up of lipids. Many essential vitamins are also made up of lipids.