G10 Unit 25 (Lipids) Flashcards
large, nonpolar biomolecules
mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids
Unlike proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, lipids do not have
repeating basic structure
are lipids composed of fatty acids and glycerol
Triglycerides
Triglycerides found in animals
fats
Triglycerides in plants
oils
Triglycerides are produced when glycerol reacts with fatty acids via
condensation
a molecule with three carbons, each containing a hydroxyl (−OH) group
Glycerol
a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with a carboxyl (−COOH) group
fatty acid
three fatty acids bond to glycerol, they form _ _
Bonds
ester bonds
Functions of Triglycerides
important storage for fatty acids
are also known for being a good source of insulation for animals
lipids that are produced by both plants and animals
Waxes
are lipids that contain phosphate groups, and are biologically very important molecules
Phospholipids
A phospholipid is composed of a
phosphate “head”
fatty acid “tail”
phosphate “head”
hydrophilic
fatty acid “tail”
hydrophobic
One of the most important functions of phospholipids in organisms
ability to form layers
are lipids without fatty acid chains
Steroids
came from the Greek word stereos meaning
solid
Steroids have _ rings in their structure
multiple
Some steroids have _ _ that help balance their solubility in water.
hydroxyl groups
Steroids have diverse functions
from diatery substances to body hormones found in different parts of an organism
Functions of Lipids
Lipids are the reserved sources of energy. The energy stored in their bonds is used by the body as fuel.
Lipids like waxes are used as a protective coating of organisms.
The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which is made up of two layers of lipids.
Many hormones found in both plants and animals are made up of lipids. Many essential vitamins are also made up of lipids.
