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Dental Boards Review > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Main organ in urinary system

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

The functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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3
Q

Each kidney contains how many nephrons?

A

1,00,000 nephrons

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4
Q

Kidney contains how many lobes and segments?

A

8-18 lobes and 5 segments

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5
Q

The kidneys are located in retroperitoneal at level of?

A

T-12 - L3

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6
Q

It is the gateway of the kidneys

A

Renal hilum

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7
Q

structures that passes through renal hilum

A

Renal artery, vein

Ureter

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8
Q

Blood supply of Kidneys

A

Renal artery

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9
Q

Renal artery is a branch of what artery?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

Renal corpuscles is composed of?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s compose

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11
Q

The site of blood filtration that contains mesangial cells

A

Glomerulus

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12
Q

This measures the proper functioning of kidneys

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

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13
Q

GFR is measured by?

A

Amount of Innulin and Manitol in urine

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14
Q

Amount of GFR per minute ____

per day ____

A

per minute: 120-125mL

per day : 170,000 - 180,000 mL

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15
Q

The entrance and exit of kidneys

A

Entrance- afferent

Exit- efferent

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16
Q

Enlarge diameter of efferent means?

A

less waste, less filtration

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17
Q

Increase Innulin means?

A

increase GFR

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18
Q

Proteins that will measure GFR

A

Innulin and Mannitol

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19
Q

It is the site of WATER FILTRATION that contains Podocytes.

A

Bowman’s capsule

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20
Q

Tubule that regulates the pH of filtration by exchanging Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonates.

A

Proximal tubule

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21
Q

Proximal tubule is line with

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium with Microvilli for absorption

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22
Q

Tubule that reabsorbs the GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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23
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule produces what to buffer the hydrogen ions?

A

Ammonia

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24
Q

2 buffering agent of kidney

A

Bicarbonate

Ammonia

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25
Q

Organ resistant to pH change

A

KIDNEY

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26
Q

The amount of GLUCOSE filtered per day is

A

160-180 mg/dL

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27
Q

The amount of GLUCOSE excreted per day is

A

0 mg/dL

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28
Q

When the glucose is exceeds to 180 mg/dL, the PCT starts to excrete glucose, known as the

A

RENAL THRESHOLD FOR GLUCOSE (RTG)

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29
Q

Tubule that contains the highest OSMOLARITY

A

Loop of henle

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30
Q

section of the loop of henle that is the only permeable to SODIUM

A

Descnding limb

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31
Q

Thin segment of ascending limb is line with

A

Simple squamous

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32
Q

Thick segment of Ascending limb is lined with

A

Simple cuboidal

33
Q

Thick segments of ascending limb re-absorbs what ions?

A

Na, K, Cl

34
Q

Section of loopof henle impermeable to water

A

Thick ascending limb

35
Q

Process of which the ascending limb is the only impermeable to water because it has active sodium transport to regulate water excretion while the descending limb is impermeable to sodium

A

Countercurrent multiplier activity

36
Q

Tubule that responds to LOW BLOOD PRESSURE by initiating RENIN production

A

Distal convoluted tubule

37
Q

Distal convoluted tubule is lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

38
Q

Tubule that begins the urine formation

A

Distal convoluted tubule

39
Q

Hormone that acts by regulation of Calcium reabsorption

A

PTH

40
Q

Hormone that acts by increasing the re-absorption of SODIUM

A

Aldosterone

41
Q

Hormone that acts by inhibiting absorption of SODIUM

A

Atrial Natriuretic peptide

42
Q

Hormone that acts if there is decreased in blood pressure

A

Aldosterone

43
Q

Hormone that acts by increasing the permeability to absorb water (dehydration)

A

ADH

44
Q

It is the volume of plasma completely cleared of substance by the kidneys per unit time.

A

Renal Plasma Clearance

45
Q

Renal plasm clearance is done by measuring?

A

Amount of INULIN

46
Q

True or False. Inulin clearance is equal to the GFR.

A

True

47
Q

It is the major componenet of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of the blood.

A

UREA

48
Q

It is the waste product of protein used by muscle and commonly used to approximate the GFR filtration

A

Creatinine

49
Q

Normal substances found in RENAL PLASMA CLEARANCE

A 
Urea
Creatinine
Sodium
Water
Glucose
50
Q

The least component found in renal plasma clearance

A

Glucose

51
Q

The last portion of renal tubule with NO NEPHRONS

A

Collecting tubule

52
Q

Collecting tubule are lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

53
Q

Papillary ducts of bellini is lined with?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

54
Q

Hormone that increasses the permeability in collecting tubule

A

ADH

55
Q

Urine in blood

A

Uremia

56
Q

Blood in urine

A

Hematouria

57
Q

pathology that indicates kidney failure

A

Uremia

58
Q

A 25-30 cm tube that travels BELOW the peritoneum and ANTERIOR to the Common iliac artery

A

URETERS

59
Q

Water under the bridge.

A

Uterine artery runs superiorly to the ureter

60
Q

Structure in male reproductive organ that runs anteriorly to the ureter.

A

Vas deferens

61
Q

What structure is most commonly injured during hysterectomy or vasectomy

A

URETER

62
Q

A balloon-like chamber with walls of Smooth Muscle

A

Urinary bladder

63
Q

Urinary bladder is mainly for the storage of urine with capacity of?

A

400-600 mL

64
Q

Parasympathetic fiber for micturition is located in

A

Sacral 2-4

65
Q

Main muscle for micturition

A

Detrussor muscle

66
Q

Muscle that contracts the walls of urinary bladder for micturition

A

Detrussor muscle

67
Q

Smooth muscle in urinary bladder __

Skeletal muscle in urinary bladder___

A

Smooth-Internal urethral sphincter

Skeletal-External urethral sphincter

68
Q

A triangular portion in urinary bladder where the internal sphincter is located

A

Trigone

69
Q

Length of urethra in female

A

4-cm

70
Q

Length of urethra in male

A

20 cm

71
Q

Urethra that lies on the prostate gland

A

Prostatic urethra

72
Q

Urethra that is the shortest and least dilatable

A

Membranous urethra

73
Q

The longest urethra

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

74
Q

pH of urine

A

6 pH

75
Q

reason why urine is acidic

A

kidneys produce Hydrogen ion

76
Q

Specific gravity of Urine

A

1.005 - 1.025

77
Q

the pigment and the end-produce of bilirubin

A

Urobilin

78
Q

Organ line with Transitional Epithelium

A

Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

79
Q

Waste product of carbohydrates metabolism

A

Urea

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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