Urinary system Flashcards
Main organ in urinary system
Kidneys
The functional unit of kidney
Nephron
Each kidney contains how many nephrons?
1,00,000 nephrons
Kidney contains how many lobes and segments?
8-18 lobes and 5 segments
The kidneys are located in retroperitoneal at level of?
T-12 - L3
It is the gateway of the kidneys
Renal hilum
structures that passes through renal hilum
Renal artery, vein
Ureter
Blood supply of Kidneys
Renal artery
Renal artery is a branch of what artery?
Superior mesenteric artery
Renal corpuscles is composed of?
Glomerulus and Bowman’s compose
The site of blood filtration that contains mesangial cells
Glomerulus
This measures the proper functioning of kidneys
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
GFR is measured by?
Amount of Innulin and Manitol in urine
Amount of GFR per minute ____
per day ____
per minute: 120-125mL
per day : 170,000 - 180,000 mL
The entrance and exit of kidneys
Entrance- afferent
Exit- efferent
Enlarge diameter of efferent means?
less waste, less filtration
Increase Innulin means?
increase GFR
Proteins that will measure GFR
Innulin and Mannitol
It is the site of WATER FILTRATION that contains Podocytes.
Bowman’s capsule
Tubule that regulates the pH of filtration by exchanging Hydrogen ions and Bicarbonates.
Proximal tubule
Proximal tubule is line with
Simple cuboidal epithelium with Microvilli for absorption
Tubule that reabsorbs the GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS
Proximal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule produces what to buffer the hydrogen ions?
Ammonia
2 buffering agent of kidney
Bicarbonate
Ammonia
Organ resistant to pH change
KIDNEY
The amount of GLUCOSE filtered per day is
160-180 mg/dL
The amount of GLUCOSE excreted per day is
0 mg/dL
When the glucose is exceeds to 180 mg/dL, the PCT starts to excrete glucose, known as the
RENAL THRESHOLD FOR GLUCOSE (RTG)
Tubule that contains the highest OSMOLARITY
Loop of henle
section of the loop of henle that is the only permeable to SODIUM
Descnding limb
Thin segment of ascending limb is line with
Simple squamous
Thick segment of Ascending limb is lined with
Simple cuboidal
Thick segments of ascending limb re-absorbs what ions?
Na, K, Cl
Section of loopof henle impermeable to water
Thick ascending limb
Process of which the ascending limb is the only impermeable to water because it has active sodium transport to regulate water excretion while the descending limb is impermeable to sodium
Countercurrent multiplier activity
Tubule that responds to LOW BLOOD PRESSURE by initiating RENIN production
Distal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule is lined with?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Tubule that begins the urine formation
Distal convoluted tubule
Hormone that acts by regulation of Calcium reabsorption
PTH
Hormone that acts by increasing the re-absorption of SODIUM
Aldosterone
Hormone that acts by inhibiting absorption of SODIUM
Atrial Natriuretic peptide
Hormone that acts if there is decreased in blood pressure
Aldosterone
Hormone that acts by increasing the permeability to absorb water (dehydration)
ADH
It is the volume of plasma completely cleared of substance by the kidneys per unit time.
Renal Plasma Clearance
Renal plasm clearance is done by measuring?
Amount of INULIN
True or False. Inulin clearance is equal to the GFR.
True
It is the major componenet of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of the blood.
UREA
It is the waste product of protein used by muscle and commonly used to approximate the GFR filtration
Creatinine
Normal substances found in RENAL PLASMA CLEARANCE
Urea Creatinine Sodium Water Glucose
The least component found in renal plasma clearance
Glucose
The last portion of renal tubule with NO NEPHRONS
Collecting tubule
Collecting tubule are lined with?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Papillary ducts of bellini is lined with?
Simple columnar epithelium
Hormone that increasses the permeability in collecting tubule
ADH
Urine in blood
Uremia
Blood in urine
Hematouria
pathology that indicates kidney failure
Uremia
A 25-30 cm tube that travels BELOW the peritoneum and ANTERIOR to the Common iliac artery
URETERS
Water under the bridge.
Uterine artery runs superiorly to the ureter
Structure in male reproductive organ that runs anteriorly to the ureter.
Vas deferens
What structure is most commonly injured during hysterectomy or vasectomy
URETER
A balloon-like chamber with walls of Smooth Muscle
Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder is mainly for the storage of urine with capacity of?
400-600 mL
Parasympathetic fiber for micturition is located in
Sacral 2-4
Main muscle for micturition
Detrussor muscle
Muscle that contracts the walls of urinary bladder for micturition
Detrussor muscle
Smooth muscle in urinary bladder __
Skeletal muscle in urinary bladder___
Smooth-Internal urethral sphincter
Skeletal-External urethral sphincter
A triangular portion in urinary bladder where the internal sphincter is located
Trigone
Length of urethra in female
4-cm
Length of urethra in male
20 cm
Urethra that lies on the prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
Urethra that is the shortest and least dilatable
Membranous urethra
The longest urethra
Spongy (penile) urethra
pH of urine
6 pH
reason why urine is acidic
kidneys produce Hydrogen ion
Specific gravity of Urine
1.005 - 1.025
the pigment and the end-produce of bilirubin
Urobilin
Organ line with Transitional Epithelium
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Waste product of carbohydrates metabolism
Urea
