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Dental Boards Review > Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Diseases > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

Collection of disease

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2
Q

any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms

A

Disease

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3
Q

autoimmune disease of the salivary, lacrimal glands, and synovial membrane

A

Sjogren syndrome

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4
Q

Sjogren triad

A

Xerostomia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Rheumatoid arthritis

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5
Q

Other name of sjogren syndrome

A

Sicca syndrome

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6
Q

Cell responsible for an autoimmune disease

A

T-cell

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7
Q

Main cause of an autoimmune disease

A

Stress

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8
Q

Organs affected in sicca syndrome

A

Salivary gland
Eyes
Joint

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Reiter’s syndrome?

A

Arthritis
Conjunctivitis
Urethritis

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Mikulicz syndrome?

A

Conjunctivitis

Xerostomia

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11
Q

Difference between Reiter’s and Sicca syndrome?

A

Sicca affects: Eyes, Joints, Salivary gland while

Reiter’s affects: Eyes, Joints and Urethra

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12
Q

True or false: Sjogren’s syndrome is also associated with mikulicz syndrome.

A

True

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13
Q

Syndromes associated with sicca syndrome

A

Reiter’s syndrome

Mikulicz syndrome

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14
Q

A benign tumor of the PAROTID GLAND

A

Warthin’s tumor

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15
Q

Other name of warthin’s tumor

A

Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

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16
Q

Major salivary gland common to diseases

A

Parotid gland

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17
Q

Most common salivary gland tumor

A

Mixed tumor

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18
Q

Other name of mixed tumor

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

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19
Q

most common malignancy of major salivary glands

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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20
Q

most common malignancy of minor salivary gland

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

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21
Q

Histologic feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

Cheese-like

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22
Q

Characterized by lacerations of the esophagus

A

Mallory-weiss syndrome

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23
Q

Manifestation of mallory-weiss syndrome

A

Melena

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24
Q

Black stool in the blood is due to?

A

Degradation of blood by acid

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25
Q

Bleeding below the stomach would manifest?

A

Hematochezia

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26
Q

Melena-

hematochezia-

A

Melena- black stool

Hematochezia- red stool

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27
Q

T/F: Melena and Hematochezia solidifies together with stool

A

False- does not solidify

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28
Q

syndrome where there is ruptured esophagus that causes massive GI hemorrhage

A

Boerhaave syndrome

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29
Q

Sign and symptoms of boerhaave syndrome

A

Sever vomiting

Straining

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30
Q

A reflux of acid content due to histamine released of the stomach.

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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31
Q

GERD is always associated with?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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32
Q

Barrette’s esophagus is what type of cellular adaptation?

A

Metaplasia

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33
Q

Change of epithelial cells in barrett’s esophagus

A

Squamous to columnar

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34
Q

Barrett’s esophagus left untreated leads to?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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35
Q

Oral manifestation of GERD

A

Erosion on the lingual surface of the molars

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36
Q

Drugs for GERD

A

Antihistamine (H2 BLOCKER, cimetidine)
Antacids
Proton-pump inihibitor

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37
Q

Complication of Barrett’s esophagus

A

Hemorrhage
Stricture
Adenocarcinoma
Ulcerations

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38
Q

Most sever complication of barrett’s esophagus

A

Adenocarcinoma

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39
Q

Erosion on the lingual of incisors

A

Bulimia nervosa

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40
Q

caused by early activation of pancreatic enzyme resulting in auto-digestion

A

Acute pancreatitis

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41
Q

Acute pancreatitis undergoes what type of necrosis?

A

Enzymatic fat necrosis

42
Q

Blood test result of Acute pancreatitis

A

Increased serum amylase and lipase

Decreased calcium

43
Q

Enzyme that dominates in acute pancreatitis

44
Q

It is characterized by yellowness of tissues due to excess serum Bilirubin in the blood.

45
Q

Other name for Jaundice

46
Q

Jaundice in brain

A

Kernicterus

47
Q

Specific art of brain where jaundice occurs

A

Basal ganglia o brain

48
Q

True or false. Bilirubin crosses the placenta

49
Q

Jaundice in newborn affects?

50
Q

Causes of jaundice

A

Hepatocellular
Hemolytic
Obstructive
Pancreatic carcinoma

51
Q

Bilirubin conjugate with what element of blood

52
Q

Other name of hemolytic in jaundice

A

Hemolytic anemia

53
Q

Other name of obstructive jaundie

54
Q

gives pigment to bruises

A

Biliverdin

55
Q

a pigment accumulation in kupffer cell which is a sign of liver injury.

56
Q

It is characterized by excessive scarring and nodule formation

57
Q

Causes of cirrhosis

A 
Alcoholism
Viral hepatitis
Hemochromatosis
Wilson's disease
Dubin-johnson's disease
58
Q

Most common cause of cirrhosis

A

aLcoholism

59
Q

Liver cirrhosis due to excessive iron in the liver

A

Hematochromatosis

60
Q

Liver cirrhosis due to excessive copper in the liver

A

Wilson’s disease

61
Q

pathognomonic sign of wilson’s disease

A

Keyser-fleischer ring

62
Q

Keyser-fleischer ring

A

Borderof the iris is color green due to excess copper

63
Q

Liver cirrhosis due to excessive melanin

A

Dubin-johnson’s disease

64
Q

Other name for Dubin-johnson’s disease

A

Black liver disease

65
Q

Blood tests needed for cirrhosis

A

Increased AST or SGOT

Increased ALT or SGPT

66
Q

AST stands for?

ALT stands for?

A

aspartate trans-aminoferase

alanine trans-aminoferase

67
Q

SGOT stands for?

SGPT stands for?

A

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminoferase

Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminoferase

68
Q

Most common viral hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A

69
Q

Route of transmission of Hepatitis a

A

Oral-fecal/ oral-anal

GI tract

70
Q

Causative agent for Hepatitis A

A

Picornavirus

71
Q

Most common blood-borne

72
Q

Causative agent for Hep B

A

Hepadnavirus

73
Q

Sterlization process that could kill Hep B

A

Moist-heat

74
Q

Duration of Medication for Hep B

A

Lifetime intake

75
Q

Most difficult virus to eradicate

A

Hepadnavirus

76
Q

most common hepatitis in blood transfusion

77
Q

causative agent for Hep C

A

Flavivirus

78
Q

Most difficult to diagnose Hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C

79
Q

Hepatitis with slowest progress

A

Hepatitis C

80
Q

Every hepatitis have a vaccine except?

A

Hepatitis C

81
Q

Recurrent of HepB

A

Hepatitis D

82
Q

Hepatitis associatedwith ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

A

Hepatitis E

83
Q

Sterilizing agent used in the hospital to eliminate Hep B

A

Sodium hypochlorite

84
Q

Causative agent for Hep D

A

Deltavirus

85
Q

Causative agent for Hep E

A

Calicivirus

86
Q

the marker of Hepa B

87
Q

Indications that the virus is multiplying in the body

A

HbEAg and HbSAg

88
Q

Carrier of Hep B

A

HbSAg and anti-HbSAg

89
Q

Indicates chronic hepatitis and patient is contraindicated for blood transfusion

90
Q

An autosomal dominant characterized by dark, freckle-like spots that appear on the skin, lips and oral mucosa.

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

91
Q

Other name for peutz jeghers syndrome

A

Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome

92
Q

What is a polyp?

A

Inflamed blood vessel

93
Q

Autosomal means?

A

Affects the 1st to 22nd paired chromosome

94
Q

X-linked means?

A

Affects the 23rd paired chromosome

95
Q

Requires both genes of the parents to affect the child

96
Q

Requires at leastone gene to affect the child

97
Q

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that results to cobblestone appearance

A

Chron’s disease

98
Q

A congenital disease that affects COLON

A

Hirschprung’s disease

99
Q

An autoimmune disease that results to intolerance of gluten proteins present in wheat, barley and rye.

A

Celiac disease

100
Q

An autoimmune disease affecting children that results to intolerance of gluten proteins present in wheat, barley and rye.

A

Gee-herter’s disease

101
Q

Oral manifestation of Celiac disease

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