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Dental Boards Review > EARS and EYES > Flashcards

EARS and EYES Flashcards

1
Q

Ears are located in what bone?

A

Petrous portion of TEMPORAL bone

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2
Q

The last sense to lose its function during death?

A

Hearing

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3
Q

The first sense to lose its function during death

A

Vision

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4
Q

meaning of AD and refers to?

A

Auricular Dexter - RIGHT ear

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5
Q

Meaning of AS and refers to?

A

Auricular Sinister- LEFT ear

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6
Q

Meaning of AU and refers to?

A

Auricular Uterque - BOTH ears

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7
Q

Three parts of the ear

A

External
Middle
Internal

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8
Q

What type of cartilage is PINNA made of?

A

Elastic cartilage

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9
Q

Other name for EXTERNAL ear

A

PINNA

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10
Q

What structure separates the external and middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

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11
Q

T/F: All cartilages are avascular.

A

True

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12
Q

Other name for tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

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13
Q

3 parts of Ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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14
Q

It is the largest ossicle and is hammer/mallet shape

A

Malleus

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15
Q

Ossicle with ANVIL shape

A

Incus

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16
Q

the smallest bone in the body

A

Stapes

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17
Q

ossicle with stirrup shape

A

Stapes

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18
Q

They transmit VIBRATION

A

Ossicles

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19
Q

Hearing comes in what form?

A

Wave

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20
Q

What structure controls the vibration?

A

Muscles of the ear

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21
Q

What muscle attaches itself to the MALLEUS?

A

Tensor Tympani muscle

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22
Q

The shortest muscle of the body attached to stapes

A

Stapedius

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23
Q

Connects the middle ear to NASOPHARYNX

A

Eustachian Tube (Auditory tube)

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24
Q

The muscle that opens the tube is

A

Salpingopharyngeus

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25
Q

Snail like projection

A

Cochlea

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26
Q

Cochlea is responsible for?

A

Hearing

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27
Q

Outer membrane of cochlea

A

Ressner’s membrane

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28
Q

Inner membrane of the cochlea

A

Basilar membrane

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29
Q

What membrane is stimulated by the sound FREQUENCY entering to the cochlea?

A

Basilar membrane

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30
Q

Main receptor for hearing

A

Organ of corti

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31
Q

Organ of corti houses what cell?

A

HAIR cells

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32
Q

A gelatinous membrane that delivers the sound in the brain.

A

Tectorial membrane

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33
Q

BQ. What membrane hits first by the wave?

A

Tympanic membrane

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34
Q

BQ. The last membrane to be hit by the wave.

A

Tectorial membrane

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35
Q

What ossicle is embedded in Cochlea?

A

Stapes

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36
Q

Vestibule is responsible for?

A

Balance

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37
Q

Responsible for horizontal acceleration

A

Sacule

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38
Q

Responsible for Vertical acceleration

A

Utricle

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39
Q

Hair-like, motile and flexible

A

Kinocilia

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40
Q

Hair-like, stiff and non-motile

A

Stereocilia

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41
Q

Vestibule contains what fluid?

A

Semicircular fluid that is responsible for balance

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42
Q

Swimmer ear is caused by what organism?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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43
Q

Glue ear is caused by what organism?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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44
Q

Vertigo is the most common sign of this infection

A

Otitis interna

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45
Q

Other name for Otitis interna

A

Vestibular neuritis

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46
Q

OD means

A

Ocular Dexter (RIGHT eye)

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47
Q

OS means

A

Ocular sinister-LEFT ear

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48
Q

OU means

A

Ocular uterque (BOTH eyes)

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49
Q

Other name for Cornea

A

Ciliary body

50
Q

Clear front surface of the eyes for focusing near object.

A

Ciliary body

51
Q

Basement membrane that lies on the cornea

A

Descemet’s membrane

52
Q

a Reflex in response to focusing on a near object

A

Accommodation

53
Q

Eyes towards midline

A

Convergence

54
Q

BQ. What muscle is responsible for the convergence of the eyes towards an image?

A

Medial rectus

55
Q

medical term for constricting the pupil

A

Miosis

56
Q

medical term for dilating the pupils

A

MyDriasis

57
Q

White portion of the eye

A

Sclera

58
Q

sclera is mainly made up of what collagen?

A

collagen type 1

59
Q

iris is also refer to as?

A

diaphragm

60
Q

adjusts the pupil to control the amount of light by constricting it

A

iris

61
Q

the center opening of iris

A

pupil

62
Q

What pathology in which the pupil has no reaction towards the light but DILATES when focusing?

A

Argyle-Robertsonian Pupil

63
Q

other name for Argyll-Robertsonian Pupil

A

papillary light - near dissociation Reflex

64
Q

Argyll-Robertsonian is observed in what diseases?

A

syphilis and diabetes mellitus

65
Q

Pathology of which the pupil DILATES towards the light.

A

Marcus-Gunn Pupil

66
Q

also known as relative afferent pupil

A

Marcus-Gunn Pupil

67
Q

Marcus-Gunn is observed in what disease and lesion?

A

Multiple sclerosis and CN II lesion

68
Q

the photosensitive region of the eye

A

retina

69
Q

Cones are mainly found in what part of the retina?

A

Fovea centralis

70
Q

Rods are mainly found in what part of the retina?

A

periphery

71
Q

allows us to focus on accurate image

A

REFRACTION

72
Q

also known as the blind spot

A

optic disc

73
Q

Optic disc contains what receptor cells?

A

NONE

74
Q

humor means?

A

fluid

75
Q

a thin watery fluid that fills the space between cornea and iris

A

aqueous humor

76
Q

a clear gel that fills the space between lens and retina

A

vitreous

77
Q

connection of aqueous and vitreous humor

A

canal off schlemm

78
Q

eye muscle for elevating of eyeball? innervated by?

A

Superior Rectus- CNIII

79
Q

eye muscle for depressing the eyeball? innervated by?

A

inferior Rectus- CNIII

80
Q

adduction of eyeball? innervated by?

A

medial Rectus - CNIII

81
Q

abduction of eyeball? innervated by?

A

Lateral Rectus - CN VI

82
Q

Intorsion of eyeball? innervated by?

A

superior Oblique - CN IV

83
Q

Extorsion of the eyeball? innervated by?

A

Inferior Oblique - CN III

84
Q

Levator palpebrae is responsible for what action of the eye?

A

Opening the eyelid (CN III)

85
Q

BQ. If in relax state the eyeball is displaced towards the medial, what muscle is defected?

A

lateral Rectus

86
Q

Intraocular muscle that helps in ACCOMODATION

A

ciliary muscle

87
Q

Intraocular muscle responsible in MIOSIS

A

sphincter pupillae

88
Q

Intraocular muscle responsible in MYDRIASIS

A

Dilator pupillae

89
Q

Shape of Orbital cavity

A

somewhat pyramidal

90
Q

Superior boundary of Orbital cavity

A

frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid

91
Q

Lateral boundary of Orbital cavity

A

zygoma, frontal, Greater Wing of sphenoid bone

92
Q

what consists the floor of the Orbital cavity?

A

palatine, maxillary and zygoma

93
Q

medial boundary of Orbital cavity

A

Body of Sphenoid, Ethmoid, maxilla and lacrimal

94
Q

thinnest bone in the Orbital cavity

A

lacrimal bone

95
Q

BQ. At what wall where the thinnest bone of Orbital cavity can be found?

A

medial wall

96
Q

Glands that produces tears

A

lacrimal gland

97
Q

function of tears

A

lubricates the eye

98
Q

location of lacrimal gland

A

superolateral portion of the orbit

99
Q

tears will be washed in what direction?

A

Inferomedial

100
Q

1st pathway of tears production

A

superior salivatory nucleus of the brain

101
Q

2nd pathway of tears production

A

Greater petrosal nerve of VII

102
Q

3rd pathway of tears production

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

103
Q

4th pathway of tears production

A

lacrimal glands via lacrimal nerve of V1

104
Q

pathology in which the light focuses in front, instead of the retina

A

MYOPIA

105
Q

Pathology in which the light focuses behind the retina

A

HYPEROPIA

106
Q

A form of hyperopia caused by loss of elasticity of the lens typically occurring in after- age 40 years old

A

PRESBYOPIA

107
Q

A refractive error, when retina fails to focus on the light

A

ASTIGMATISM

108
Q

A vision development disorder which vision acuity falls to achieve even when there are eyeglasses

A

AMBLYOPIA

109
Q

AMBLYOPIA begins in what stage of human development?

A

INFANCY and EARLY CHILDHOOD

110
Q

one eye is misaligned

A

STRABISMUS

111
Q

most common cause of cataract

A

DIPLOPIA

112
Q

What is cataract?

A

Clouding of the lens due to aging

113
Q

Eye pathology most common in
adult______
children ______

A

adult-Astigmatism

children - amblyopia

114
Q

Double vision may indicate what injury?

A

Brain injury/ craniofacial injury

115
Q

near sightedness-

far sightedness-

A

Myopia (near)

Hyperopia (far)

116
Q

between Myopia and Hyperopia, which is most common in older people?

A

Hyperopia

117
Q

Major blood supply of the orbit and the eye is?

A

Opthalmic artery

118
Q

Opthalmic artery is a branch of?

A

Internal carotid artery

119
Q

Blood supply of the brain

A

Internal carotid artery

120
Q

Structures that exits through the optic canal

A

OPTHALMIC ARTERY

OPTIC nerve

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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