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Dental Boards Review > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Disease characterized by hypoactivity of thyroid gland.

A

Hypothyroidism

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2
Q

(Increase, decrease) Calcium in Hypothyroidism

A

Decreased

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A

Weight gain
retarded growth
Bradycardia
Sensitivity to cold temperature

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4
Q

Reason why there is weight gain in hypothyroidism

A

Decreased catabolic rate

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5
Q

Reason why there is bradycardia in hypothyroidism

A

decreased metabolism due to decreasedoxygen demand

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema
Cretenism
Hashimoto’s disease

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7
Q

Form of hypothyroidism in adult

A

Myxedema

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8
Q

Form of hypothyroidism in children

A

Cretenism

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9
Q

Oral finding in cretenism

A

Macroglossia

Prolonged retention of primary teeth

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10
Q

end of primary dentition

A

12 years old

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11
Q

An autoimmune disease that attacks the thyroid

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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12
Q

Hashimoto is associated with?

A

High blood cholesterol
Positive nitrogen balance
Decreased protein bound iodine
Decreased iodine uptake by the thyroid gland

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13
Q

Most common hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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14
Q

Disease characterized by hyperactivity of thyroid gland

A

Hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Weight loss
Irritability
nervousness
tremors

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16
Q

Most common sign of hyperthyroidism

A

Exophthalmus

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17
Q

Oral finding of hyperthyroidism

A

Early loss of primary teeth

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18
Q

What is a tremor?

A

uncontrolled muscle activity

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19
Q

Reason why there is early loss of primary teeth

A

decreased bone support

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20
Q

Clinical manifestation of Hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease

Plummer disease

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21
Q

Autoimmune disease of which antibodies bind to TSH receptors

A

Grave’s disease

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22
Q

Complication of grave’s disease

A

Pre-tibial myxedema

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23
Q

Disease with nodular growth or adenoma of the thyroid

A

Plummer disease

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24
Q

most contraindicated in hyperthyroidism

A

Epinephrine

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25
Q

Reason why epinephrine is contraindicated in px with hyperthyroidism

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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26
Q

A condition in which one or more of the parathyroid glands become overactive and secretes too much PTH

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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27
Q

Hyperparathyroidism causes?

A

Cystic bone lesion
Nephrocalcinosis
Metastatic calcifications

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28
Q

Other name of hyperparathyroidism

A

Von recklinghausen’s disease of the bone

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29
Q

Other name for cystic bone lesion

A

Central giant cell granuloma

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30
Q

Central giant cell granuloma is associated with?

A

Ameloblastoma

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31
Q

Accumulation of calcium nephron

A

Nephroliths

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32
Q

most common organ affected during metastatic calcification

A

Lungs

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33
Q

Metastatic calcification in lungs leads to?

A

Cancer of the lungs- Oat cell carninoma

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34
Q

Radiographic finding in hyperparathyroidism

A

Ground-glass

Absence of Lamina Dura

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35
Q

Dental concern of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Bone fracture

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36
Q

Most common cancer of the lungs

A

SSC

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37
Q

Clinical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism

A

Primary

Secondary

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38
Q

Hyperparathyroidism that is caused by cancer

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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39
Q

Hyperparathyroidism as a result of chronic renal disease or kidney failure

A

Secondary hypeparathyroidism

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40
Q

A condition of decreased secretion or activity of PTH.

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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41
Q

Common procedure that results to Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental surgical removal of thyroid gland

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42
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is associated with

A

Digeorge syndrome

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43
Q

Condition due to hyposecretion of GH

A

Dwarfism

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44
Q

Characteristics of dwarfism

A

Abnormally short height
Smaller maxilla and mandible
Delayed eruption of permanent teeth

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45
Q

A condition where the child has a normal size of torso but abnormally short extremities

A

Achondroplastic dwarfism

46
Q

Overproduction of GH before epiphyseal plates closure

A

Gigantism

47
Q

Overproduction of GH afterepiphyseal plates closure

A

Acromegaly

48
Q

Oral manifestation of acromegaly

A

Large tongue

49
Q

Condition where there is lack of anterior pituitary gland functioning caused by ischemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth

A

Sheehan’s disease

50
Q

Other name for sheehan’s disease

A

Postpartum pituitary gland necrosis

51
Q

Sheehan’s disease can result to?

A

Addison’s disease
Myxedema
Hypogonadism

52
Q

Rare tumor formed from adrenal medulla chromaffin cells

A

Pheochromoytoma

53
Q

Cancer in childrenthat affects the adrenal medulla

A

Pheochromoytoma

54
Q

Hallmark of Pheochromoytoma

A

Hypertension

55
Q

Pheochromoytoma associated with

A

Sturge-weber syndrome

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

56
Q

A rare disorder characterized y the association of facial birthmark called port-wine stain that follows the trigeminal pathway, neurologic disorder and eye abnnormalities

A

Sturge-weber syndrome

57
Q

other name for sturge-weber syndrome

A

Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

58
Q

What is a glaucoma?

A

High occular pressure due to increase aqueous in the eye

59
Q

Ganglion affected in Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

A

Semilunar ganglion

60
Q

Radiographic appearance of Sturge-weber syndrome

A

Tram-line calcifications in the skull

61
Q

Venous malformation of Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis

A

Leptomeninges of the cerebral cotex

62
Q

Neurologic disorder of sturge-weber syndrome

A

Mental retardation
Hemiparesis
Seizure disorder

63
Q

What is hemiparesis?

A

weakness of one side of the body

64
Q

An autosoomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia affects?

A

Parathyroid
Pancreas
Pituitary

65
Q

caused by medullary thyroid carcinoma, phechromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia

A

MEN II

66
Q

Other name for MEN II

A

Sipple disease

67
Q

MEN most associated with pheochromocytoma

A

MEN II

68
Q

Patients with this condition have no phenotypic abnormalitis of mucosal neuromas

A

MEN II-A

69
Q

Patients with this condition have MARFANOID HABITUS

A

MEN IIB

70
Q

Most common malignant tumor found in CHILDREN

A

Neuroblastoma

71
Q

Disease that targets ADRENAL gland that can metastasize to LIVER

A

Neuroblastoma

72
Q

Disease caused by a deficiency in aldosterone or cortisol

A

Addison’s disease

73
Q

Pathognomonic sign of addison’s disease

A

Melanosis

bronze-color skin

74
Q

Type of addison disease caused by autoimmune or infection

A

Primary addison’s disease

75
Q

Tye of addison’s disease due to decrease of ACTH from pituitary gland

A

Secondary addison’s disease

76
Q

The test to differentiate primary to secondary addison is

A

ACTH stimulation test

77
Q

Disease caused by an excessive aldosterone production

A

Conn’s disease

78
Q

Disease due to excessive STEROIDS production

A

Cushing’s disease

79
Q

Pathognomonic sign in Cushing’s disease

A

Buffalo hump

Moon face

80
Q

Dental concern in Cushing’s disease

A

Infections

81
Q

What are Steroids?

A

anti-inflammatory

anti-stress

82
Q

Side effect of STEROIDS

A

Immunosuppressant

Weight gain

83
Q

A group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period

A

Diabetes mellitus

84
Q

Signs and symptoms of DM

A

Polyphagia
Polyuria
Polydypsia

85
Q

Chronic condition in DM which the pancreas produces little or no insulin

A

DM I

86
Q

Other name of DM I

A

Juvenile diabetes

Insulin-dependent

87
Q

Treatment of DM I

A

lifetime Insulin shot

88
Q

onset of Insulin shot

A

12-24 hours

89
Q

Chronic condition in DM that affects the way the body metabolizes sugar (glucose) caused by deficient insulin.

A

DM II

90
Q

Other name for DM II

A

Non-insulin dependent

91
Q

Predisposing factor of DM II

A

Amyloidosis

92
Q

Pathognomonic sign of DM II

A

Ketone breath due to ketoacidosis

93
Q

Treatment of DM II

A

Good diet
Metformin
Exercise

94
Q

can DM I becomes DM II

A

No

95
Q

can DM II becomes DM I

A

Yes

96
Q

Ketone bodies are excereted by the body through?

A

Expiration

97
Q

DM due to excessive steroids intake

A

DM III

98
Q

DM due to hormonal imbalance

A

DM IV

99
Q

Other name for DM IV

A

Gestational diabetes

100
Q

Complications of DM

A

Cardiovascular
Retinopathy leading to glaucoma
Nephropathy

101
Q

What is the most common type of DM?

A

Type II

102
Q

What is the most common cause of death of DM

A

Cardiovascular

103
Q

What is the pathognomonic sign of DM?

A

Ketone breath

104
Q

What is the dental concern for patients with DM?

A

Poor wound healing due to increase sugar which tends to increase infection

105
Q

A rare condition when there is deficiency in ADH.

A

Diabetes insipidus

106
Q

Signs and symptoms of Diabetes insipidus

A

Polyuria

Polydypsia

107
Q

Treatment of diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin

108
Q

Artificial vasopressin

A

Desmopressin

109
Q

Etiologies of metabolic acidosis

A

Diabetes
Starvation
Lactic acidosis
Severe dehydration

110
Q

Clinical manifestation of metabolic acidosis

A

Dyspnea
Nausea
Vomiting

111
Q

Etiologies of Metabolic alkalosis

A 
Vomiting
Diuretic use
Cushing syndrome
Conn's
Exogenous steroids
112
Q

Clinical manifestation of Metabolic alkalosis

A 
Confusion
Delirium
Coma
Arrythmia
Hypotension

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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