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Dental Boards Review > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Is the functional unit of skeletal system

A

Osteon/ Haversian system

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2
Q

How many bones present in infant?

in adult?

A

Infant- 305

Adult - 206

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3
Q

Amount of calcium found in bones

A

90-99%

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4
Q

Calcium is mainly absorbed in what organ?

A

Intestines

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5
Q

Reason why there is reduced amount of bones in adult compared to children.

A

Ossification of hyaline cartilages in between bone resulting to fusion of some bones

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6
Q

The mature cells that produces the BONE

A

Osteocyte

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7
Q

The immature cells that produces the BONE MATRIX

A

Osteoblast

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8
Q

The only multi-nucleated giant cell that destroys the bone

A

Osteoclast

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9
Q

What components are present in BONE MATRIX?

A

COLLAGEN TYPE 1

HYDROXYAPATITE

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10
Q

Hydroxyapatite crystals is the result of what minerals?

A

Calcium + Phosphate

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11
Q

Houses osteocyte and osteoblast except osteoclast.

A

Lacuna/Lacunae

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12
Q

Houses the osteoCLAST

A

Howship’s lacunae

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13
Q

Howship’s may refer to?

A

Multinucleated giant cell

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14
Q

It is the lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed and replaced by new bone

A

Bone Remodelling

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15
Q

It is the process of REMOVING bone need to be remodeled.

A

Resorption

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16
Q

It is the process of producing NEW BONE MATRIX

A

Ossification

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17
Q

Bone remodeling involves what cells?

A

OsteoBLAST and OsteoCLAST

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18
Q

Type of bone that mainly contributes in GROWTH

A

Long bones

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19
Q

Examples of bone that belongs to LONG BONE

A 
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpals
Metatarsals and 
Phalanges
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20
Q

Shaft of Long bones is called?

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

Found between Diaphysis and Epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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22
Q

Proximal and distal that marks the growth of the long bone

A

Epiphysis

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23
Q

What serves as the main site in growth?

A

Epiphysis

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24
Q

Hormone involve in growth

A

Somatotropin/GH

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25
Q

What process marks the end of growth?

A

Closure of EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

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26
Q

Examples of SHORT BONES

A

carpals and tarsals

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27
Q

Examples of FLAT BONE

A

ilium, scapula sternum and ribs

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28
Q

Examples of IRREGULAR BONE

A

Vertebrae, Facial bones, sphenoid, temporal and ethmoid

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29
Q

Type of bone that is incorporated to a tendon of a muscle.

A

Sesamoid

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30
Q

Example of sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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31
Q

Muscle to bone attachment made up of dense regular connective tissue.

A

Tendons

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32
Q

Bone to bone attachment forming a JOINT

A

Ligaments

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33
Q

Two divisions of the skeletal system.

A

Axial

Appendicular

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34
Q

How many axial bones present in the human body?

A

80

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35
Q

How many Appendicular bone present in the human body?

A

126

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36
Q

Skull includes how many bones in adult and in children?

A

22- adult

45 infant

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37
Q

Axial bones include what bones?

A

Skull and Thorax

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38
Q

Appendicuar bones includes?

A

the extremities

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39
Q

What are the PAIRED cranial bones?

A

Parietal

Temporal

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40
Q

What are the UNPAIRED cranial bones?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital

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41
Q

Bones present in the ANTERIOR division of the cranial fossa.

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
LESSER wing of sphenoid

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42
Q

Structures seen in the ANTERIOR division of the cranial fossa.

A

Foramen Caecum

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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43
Q

What vein passes through the foramen caecum?.

A

Emissary vein from nose to sagittal sinus

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44
Q

Caecum alone refers to?

A

first part of the large intestine

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45
Q

Foramen caecum may be seen in two areas

A

Cranial base

sulcus terminalis of the tongue

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46
Q

What separates anterior and middle cranial fossa?

A

SPHENOID RIDGE

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47
Q

It is considered as the BUSIEST fossa.

A

Middle cranial fossa

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48
Q

Bones present int he Middle cranial fossa

A

GREATER wing of sphenoid bone

PETROUS portion of temporal bone

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49
Q

Structures seen in the middle cranial fossa

A 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
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50
Q

What structure passes through Foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery
Emissary vein
Nervous spinosus

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51
Q

Middle meningeal artery arises from?

A

Maxillary artery

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52
Q

Structures that passes through foramen LACERUM

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery
Emissary vein
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
Greater petrosal nerve

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53
Q

What passes through carotid canal?

A

Small branches of ICA

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54
Q

What structure separates Middle and Posterior cranial fossae?

A

Petrous portion of Temporal bone

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55
Q

Which of the following structure is located most anteriorly?

A. Foramen Lacerum
B. Foramen Ovale
C. Foramen Magnum
D. Foramen Foramen spinosum

A

B. Foramen Ovale

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56
Q

Bones present in the Posterior portion

A

Occipital

Temporal bone

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57
Q

Structures seen in the posterior cranial fossa

A

Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum

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58
Q

What passes through foramen magnum?

A

Medulla oblongata
Spinal nerves
vertebral artery

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59
Q

Cranial sutures are made up of what type of cartilage.

A

Fibrous cartilage

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60
Q

Coronal suture is found between what bones?

A

Frontal and Parietal

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61
Q

Sagittal suture is found between what bones?

A

Left and right parietal bones

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62
Q

Lamdoidal sutures is found between what bones?

A

Parietal and Occipital

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63
Q

Suture found between two FRONTALS

A

Metopic

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64
Q

Suture found between Parietal and Temporal.

A

Squamosal suture

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65
Q

Cartilage present in metopic suture

A

Hyaline cartilage

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66
Q

Suture found between sphenoid and temporal

A

Sphenosquamosal suture

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67
Q

Highest point of skull

A

Vertex

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68
Q

Metopic is found in what bone?

A

Frontal bone

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69
Q

Which of the following bones not part of coronal suture?

A. Frontal bone
B. Left Parietal
C. Right Parietal
D. Temporal

A

D. Temporal

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70
Q

Soft spot of the skull

A

Fontanelles

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71
Q

Fontanelle found on the anterior portion of the skull and is diamond-shaped?

A

Bregma

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72
Q

Fontanelle found on the posterior portion of the skull and is triangular-shaped

A

Lambda

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73
Q

Bregma closes after how many months after birth?

A

18-24 months

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74
Q

Lambda closes after how many months after birth?

A

2-4 months

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75
Q

Growth center in the anterior portion of the skull?

A

Bregma

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76
Q

What is Pterion?

A

Point of skull where Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Sphenoid bone meet

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77
Q

What is Asterion?

A

Point of skull where Parietal, Occipital and Temporal meet.

78
Q

What are the sutures that form the Asterion?

A

Parietomastoid suture
Occipitomastoid suture
Lamdoidal suture

79
Q

What are the paired Facial bones?

A 
Nasal
Maxillae
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Inferior nasal conchae
80
Q

What are the UNPAIRED facial bone?

A

Vomer

Mandible

81
Q

The only bone without articulation.

A

Hyoid bone

82
Q

Hyoid bone is also known as?

A

Hanging bone

83
Q

Shape of hyoid bone.

A

U-shaped

84
Q

Bone found in the PETROUS portion of the TEMPORAL BONE.

A

Ossicle (3)

85
Q

How many vertebrae in the human body?

A

33 or 26

86
Q

Thorax include what bones

A

Manubrium
Sternum
Ribs

87
Q

Joins the clavicle and body of the sternum

A

Manubrium

88
Q

Manubrium and sternum is joined by?

A

Sternal angle or Angle of Louis

89
Q

Other name for Sternum

A

Breast bone

90
Q

Serves as the attachment of ribs

A

Sternum

91
Q

The most fragile part of Sternum

A

Xiphoid

92
Q

Part of Sternum mos important during CPR

A

Body

93
Q

How many pairs of TRUE RIBS?

A

7

94
Q

Number of FALSE RIBS

A

5 pairs

95
Q

What bones consists the roof of oral cavity?

A

Maxillary and Palatine bone

96
Q

Most common fracture in the midface?

A

Zygomatic bone

97
Q

2nd most common facial fracture

A

Neck of mandibular condyle (subcondylar)

98
Q

Ribs 8,9, and 10 are attached to?

A

7th rib

99
Q

11th ribs are attached to?

A

10th rib

100
Q

12th ribs are attached to?

A

11th rib

101
Q

Why is the first 7 ribs considered as True Ribs?

A

Attached to sternum

102
Q

Is the only rib that cannot be palpated.

A

1st rib

103
Q

Rib palpated accurately in the Sternal angle

A

2nd rib

104
Q

It is the location of the base of the heart

A

2nd intercostal space

105
Q

It is the location of the Apex of the heart

A

5th intercostal space

106
Q

It is the location of Thoracocentesis.

A

7th intercostal space

107
Q

What chamber mainly forms the base of the heart?

A

Left Atrium

108
Q

What chamber mainly forms the APEX of the heart?

A

Left Ventricle

109
Q

What is THORACOCENTESIS?

A

Draining of fluid from the lungs such as in PNEUMONIA

110
Q

What part of Upper extremities is formed by the scapula and clavicle?

A

Shoulder girdle

111
Q

What part of upper extremities is formed by scapula and humerus?

A

Shoulder Joint

112
Q

Other name for Scapula?

A

Shoulder blade

113
Q

Scapula articulates with humerus via?

A

Glenohumeral joint

114
Q

Scapula articulates with clavicle via?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

115
Q

Also known as collar bone.

A

Clavicle

116
Q

The most common fracture in the whole body

A

Clavicle

117
Q

Part of clavicle prone to fracture

A

Midclavicular or Body

118
Q

It is the first bone to calcify.

A

Clavicle

119
Q

Also known as funny bone

A

Humerus

120
Q

Part of humerus that articulates with the ulna

A

Trochlear

121
Q

Part of humerus that articulates with the radius

A

Capitulum

122
Q

Structure in humerus located on the posterior area.

A

Olecranon fossa

123
Q

What muscle inserts to the olecranon fossa?

A

Biceps brachii

124
Q

Ulna is ___ to radius.

A

Medial

125
Q

Ulna is connected to radius via?

A

Intraosseous membrane/ ligament

126
Q

compared to Ulna, Radius is more?

A

shorter and smaller

127
Q

Fracture in radius is called?

A

Colle’s fracture

128
Q

Carpal bones articulates with what bone?

A

Radius

129
Q

How many carpal bones?

A

8

130
Q

What are the PROXIMALS carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

131
Q

What are the Distals of carpal bones

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

132
Q

This carpal bone is the most lateral

A

Scaphoid

133
Q

The most medial carpal bone

A

Pisiform

134
Q

Carpal bone that connects to 1st and 2nd metacarpals

A

Trapezium

135
Q

Carpal bone that connects to 2nd metacarpals

A

Trapezoid

136
Q

Carpal bone that connects to the 3rd and 4th metacarapals

A

Capitate

137
Q

Carpal bone that connects to the 4th and 5th metacarpal

A

Hamate

138
Q

Carpal bone most common to dislocation?

A

Lunate

139
Q

Carpal bone that is most common to fracture

A

Scaphoid

140
Q

Carpal bone that is the largest

A

Capitate

141
Q

The smallest carpal bone

A

Pisiform

142
Q

Other name for phalanges

A

Digital bone

143
Q

Bones of the fingers

A

Phalanges

144
Q

Parts of phalanges.

A

Proximal
Middle
Distal

145
Q

Nerve that innervates the thumb, index, middle and half of the ring finger.

A

Median nerve

146
Q

Other term for median nerve

A

Laborer’s nerve

147
Q

Innervates half of the ring finger and pinkie finger.

A

Ulnar nerver

148
Q

Other name for Ulnar nerve

A

Musician’s nerve

149
Q

Nerve responsible for tight fist

A

Radial nerve

150
Q

Other name for Radial nerve

A

Greater extensor nerve

151
Q

Nerve affected in Carpal-Tunnel syndrome

A

Median nerve

152
Q

What is the other name of the thumb?

A

Thenar

153
Q

Hypothenar refers to?

A

Pinky finger

154
Q

Lower extremity formed by sacrum, coccyx and hip bones

A

Pelvic girdle

155
Q

Lower extremity formed by acetabulum and femur

A

Hip joint

156
Q

Other name for pelvis

A

Hip bone

157
Q

The uppermost and largest pelvic bone

A

Ilium

158
Q

The lowest and back part of the hip

A

Ischium

159
Q

Pelvic bone more prominent in female

A

pubis

160
Q

part of pelvis the articulates with the femur

A

Acetabulum

161
Q

Pelvic bone most common in bone graft

A

Ilium

162
Q

The longest and strongest bone.

A

Femur

163
Q

Femur articulates with Patella and Tibia to form what joint?

A

Knee joint

164
Q

Bone most commonly affected by osteosarcoma

A

Femur

165
Q

The largest sesamoid bone

A

Patella

166
Q

Shin refers to?

A

Tibia

167
Q

Calf refers to what bone?

A

Fibula

168
Q

Tibia is ____ to fibula

A

Medial

169
Q

Compared to Fibula, Tibia is more?

A

longer and larger

170
Q

The most superior tarsal that articulates with Tibia forming ankle joint

A

Talus

171
Q

The largest proximal tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus

172
Q

Alsoknown as heel bone

A

Calcaneus

173
Q

Intermediate tarsal bone that articulates with talus

A

Navicular

174
Q

Distal tarsal bone that is themost lateral and articuates with calcaneus

A

CUBOID

175
Q

The wedges shaped tarsalbone that articulates with Navicular

A

Cuneiform

176
Q

How many metatarsals?

phalanges?

A

5 metatarsal

14 phalanges

177
Q

A union of bone via ligament or fibrocartilage into a functional whole.

A

JOINTS

178
Q

Part of a joint that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication.

A

Synovial membrane

179
Q

A fluid filled sacs that helps cushion the friction of the joint.

A

BURSA

180
Q

Main nutrient of the joint,

A

Synovial fluid

181
Q

A non-movable joint

A

Synarthroses

182
Q

Example of synchondroses

A

Manubrium

183
Q

Example of synostoses

A

Cranial suture

184
Q

A slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthroses

185
Q

Sydesmoses type of joint is seen in?

A

Radius-ulna

Tibia-fibula

186
Q

Attachment apparatus of the tooth socket

A

Gomphoses

187
Q

A freely movable joint

A

Diarthroses

188
Q

What is the most movable joint?

A

Shoulder joint

189
Q

Whatis the largest joint?

A

Knee joint

190
Q

What is the “unhappy triad” injury?

A

Injury of the knee joint.

191
Q

Structures involved in “unhappy triad” injury.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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