Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dental Boards Review > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

System that produces hormones and made up of glands.

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The functional unit of a gland

A

Adenomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These are the primary chemical messenger of cell signaling molecules

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormones derived from AMINES

A

Thyroid hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones derived from Peptide and Protein

A 
Insulin
Glucagon
Prolactin
ACTH
Parathyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormones derived from STEROID

A 
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effect of STEROID

A

Immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is the master’s gland.

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other name for pituitary gland

A

Hypophyseal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location of Pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica of Sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pituitary gland is covered by

A

Diaphragm sella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Part of pituitary gland derived from ECTODERM (Rathke’s pouch)

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other name for Ant. Pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adenohypophysis is derived from

A

Oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathology: Calcified tissue seen in adenohypohysis resembles?

A

Tooth tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Development site if adenohypophysis

A

Rathke’s pouch tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rare type of brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue that occurs most commonly in children, but also affects adults.

A

Craniopharyngioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The release of hormone in adenohypophysisis regulated by?

A

Hypothalamic (vascular) portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormones in Hypothalamic (vascular) portal system has 2 types of hormone

A

Releasing hormone

Inhibitory hromone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the acidic hormones?

A 
Growth hormone (Somatotropin)
Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the basic hormones?

A 
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
beta -ENDORPHIN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Target organs for GH.

A

Long bones
Liver
Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Effects of GH on the target organs.

A

Stimulation of growth

Metabolism of CHO and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hormone that produces milk

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Target organ of prolactin

A

Mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Male have prolactin but inhibited by?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What trimester during pregnancy prolactin starts to produce milk?

A

2nd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PROLACTIN is the predominant inhibitory hormone by?

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It is associated with release of Growth Hormone

A

Positive Nitrogen Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

It is a fundamental component of amino acid.

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It is a measure of nitrogen input (dietary intake) minus nitrogen output (urinary output, feces and sweat).

A

Nitrogen Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nitrogen balance is associated with?

A

Period of growth
Hypothyroidism
Tissue repair
Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hormone that regulates reproduction functioning.

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

FSH targets what organ?

A

Ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hormone responsible for production of sex hormone.

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

LH targets what organ?

A

Ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Epithelial lining of the gonads?

A

Germinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hormone that maintains the production of STEROIDS

A

Adenohypophysis > ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Target organ of ACTH

A

Adrenal gland (cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What organ produces steroids?

A

Adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anti-stress hormone

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hormone that maintains the secretion of thyroid hormones.

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Target organ of TSH

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

This hormone inhibits pain perception.

A

beta-ENDORPHIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Target organ of beta-Endorphin

A

Opioid receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Natural pain-reliever of the body.

A

beta-ENDORPHIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

4 happy hormones

A

Endorphin
Dopamine
Serotonin
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Posterior pituitary gland is derived from what germ layer?

A

Neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Other name for posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Neurohypophysis is functionally connected to HYPOTHALAMUS via?

A

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Hormones secreted by Neurohypophysis

A

Oxytocin

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Target organs of Oxytocin.

A

Mammary duct
Uterus
Ejaculatory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Effects of Oxytocin to its target organs.

A

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Target organ of ADH

A

Collecting tubule

DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Effects of ADH to its target organs

A

Contraction

Increase the permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

other name for ADH

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Which of the following hormones has similar action to oxytocin?

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Oxytocin and ADH are both produced by?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

It is a synthetic drug of OXYTOCIN

A

Pitocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Pitocin may be administered in cases of?

A

Pregnant woman during long labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Hormone storage in neurohypophysis

A

Herring bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The x-ray beam is attenuated by the lead foil before striking the film. This causes the embossed pattern on the foil this effect appears on the processed film.

A

Herringbone or diamond effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

It is the largest endocrine gland.

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Location of Thyroid gland

A

Anterior to the trachea, around level of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

It is the functional unit of thyroid gland that produces COLLOID.

A

Follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

It is the major constituent of COLLOID.

A

Thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

These proteins are the two essentials for synthesis of thyroid hormones.

A

Tyrosine and Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Dietary essential of IODINE

A

0.1 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Cell in the thyroid gland responsible for METABOLISM

A

Follicular cell

71
Q

What are the follicular cells?

A

T4 and T3

72
Q

cell in thyroid gland that is in Inactivated form that composes 90% production.

A

Thyroxine T4

73
Q

A more potent and active form of T4 composes 10% o production.

A

T3 Tri-iodothyronine

74
Q

It is the energy-producing phase in which simple substances are synthesized into complex.

A

ANABOLISM

75
Q

Involves the ENERGY-RELEASING when there is breakdown of complex molecule into simple substance.

A

CATABOLISM

76
Q

Also known as clear cell.

A

Parafollicular cell

77
Q

Cell in Thyroid gland responsible for BONE REMODELING.

A

Parafollicular cell

78
Q

Hormone of thyroid gland responsible for bone remodeling.

A

CALCITONIN

79
Q

Calcitonin responsible for bone remodeling by

A

Decreasing the CALCIUM in bone, kidneys and intestines.

Increasing the PHOSPHATE by preventing bone resorpttion

80
Q

Major effects by decreasing the calcium in the bone, kidneys and intestines.

A

Inhibiting the OSTEOCLASTIC ACTIVITY.

81
Q

Minor effects by decreasing the calcium in the bone,kidneys and intestines.

A

Decreases the reabsorption of Ca in the kidney

Prevents the absorption of calcium from instestines.

82
Q

Gland that increases calcium in the blood

A

Parathyroid gland

83
Q

Location of Parathyroid gland

A

Posterior to the thyroid gland

84
Q

Cell in parathyroid gland that is responsible for Bone Remodeling

A

Chief cell

85
Q

Hormone in parathyroid gland responsible for bone remoddeling.

A

Parathormone

86
Q

Parathormone involves in bone remodeling by?

A

Increases calcium in the kidneys
Increases Vit.D for intestinal absorption of Calcium
Decreases phosphate re-absorption

87
Q

Cell in parathyroid gland that appears at the onset of puberty only.

A

Oxyphil cells

88
Q

Presence of oxyphil cells in adult indicates?

A

Parathyroid gland pathology

89
Q

Hormones that favor BONE FORMATION

A 
Insulin
Growth hormone
CALCITONIN
Estrogen
Testosterone
90
Q

Decreased in Estrogen and Testosterone leads to?

A

Osteoporosis

91
Q

Accessory gland in digestion

A

Pancreas

92
Q

Location of Pancreas

A

L1 to L2 that lies on the FIRST part of the Duodenum.

93
Q

C-shaped part of small intestines.

A

Duodenum

94
Q

System found in the HEAD portion of the pancreas.

A

Exocrine system

95
Q

System found in the TAIL portion of the pancreas.

A

Endocrine system

96
Q

Difference between Endocrine and Exocrine

A

Endocrine produces hormones and is DUCTLESS

Exocrine produces enzymes and has DUCTS

97
Q

Main duct in EXOCRINE of pancreas

A

Wirsung duct

98
Q

Accessory duct of EXOCRINE in pancreas

A

Santorini duct

99
Q

Exocrine in pancreas excretes what enzymes?

A

Bicarbonates
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsin

100
Q

Enzyme that buffers the hydrochloric acid in duodenum.

A

Bicarbonates

101
Q

Enzyme that breaks down polysaccharide into GLUCOSE and MALTOSE

A

Amylase

102
Q

Enzyme that breaks down TRIGLYCERIDES forming free fatty acids.

A

Lipase

103
Q

Enzyme that digests PROTEIN.

A

Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsin

104
Q

Acid mainly present in stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

105
Q

Environment required to absorbed food

A

Acidic environment

106
Q

It is where the ISLETS of LANGERHAN is seen

A

Tail portion of Pancreas

107
Q

What are the endocrine cells in pancreas

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F-cells

108
Q

Endocrine cells that produces glucagon.

A

Alpha cells

109
Q

Endocrine cells that produces insulin

A

Beta cells

110
Q

Endocrine cells that produces SOMATOSTATIN

A

Delta cells

111
Q

Endocrine cells that produces pancreatic polypeptide.

A

F-cells

112
Q

Hormone that breaks down glycogen.

A

Glucagon

113
Q

Hormone that stores glucose

A

Insulin

114
Q

Glucose breaks down glycogen in what organs?

A

LIVER
Resting muscle
Adipocyte

115
Q

Insulin stores glucose in

A

Resting muscle
Adipocyte
Liver

116
Q

Hormone that controls production of insulin and glucagon which also aids in digestion.

A

Somatostatin

117
Q

It is the formation of glycogen.

A

Glycogenesis

118
Q

It is the breaking down of glycogen into GLUCOSE.

A

Glycogenolysis

119
Q

Molecule easiest to digest by the body

A

Fats

120
Q

Molecule difficult to digest by the body

A

Protein

121
Q

Lack of insulin in the body causes

A

High sugar in blood

122
Q

Other name for glycolysis

A

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

123
Q

It is the breakdown of glycogen into Pyruvate and Lactic acid.

A

Glycolysis

124
Q

Glycogen that goes into Aerobic condition produces

A

Pyruvate and 2 ATP

125
Q

Glycogen that goes into Anaerobic condition produces

A

Lactic acid and 2 ATP

126
Q

Breakdown of glycogen in blood

A

Glycogenolysis

127
Q

Breakdwon of glycogen to produce ATP

A

Glycolysis

128
Q

New glucose production in liver and in kidneys

A

Gluconeogenesis

129
Q

Gluconeogenesis forms glucose from?

A

PYRUVATE

130
Q

Glycolysis process increases after?

A

1 hour of meal

131
Q

Glycogenolysis is increased during?

A

Exercise

132
Q

Gluconeogenesis is increased during?

A

Fasting (which is pathological to the liver)

133
Q

These are gland located asuperomedially to the upper pole of kidneys.

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

134
Q

The outer portion of Adrenal gland.

A

Adrenal cortex

135
Q

The outermost portion of the outer part of adrenal gland.

A

Zona glomerulosa

136
Q

Zona glomerulosa produces what hormone?

A

Mineralocorticoids

137
Q

Other name of Mineralocorticoids

A

Aldosterone

138
Q

Hormone that maintains salt in the body

A

Aldosterone

139
Q

Function of Z. glomerulosa

A

Stimulates Na re-absorption in DCT

140
Q

Drug that release Na out in the body

A

Diuretics

141
Q

Z. Fascisulata produces what hormone?

A

Glucocorticoids

142
Q

Other name for glucocorticoids

A

Cortisol

143
Q

A stress hormone which also maintains sugar in blood

A

Cortisol

144
Q

Z. reticularis produces what hormone?

A

Androgens

145
Q

Other name for Androgens

A

Sex hormones

146
Q

Sex hormones is mainly for

A

Sex appearance

147
Q

The middle portion of the outer part of adrenal gland.

A

Z. Fasciculata

148
Q

The innerrmost portion of the outer part of adrenal gland.

A

Z. Reticularis

149
Q

What are the sex hormones>

A

(Estrogen)Estradiol
Progesterone
Testosterone

150
Q

Estradiol contains how many carbons and aromatic ring?

A

18 CARBONS and 1 aromatic ring

151
Q

Progesterone contains how many carbons from cholesterol?

A

21 Carbons

152
Q

Testosterone contains how many carbons from cholesterol?

A

19 Carbons

153
Q

Main androgen of female

A

Estrogen

154
Q

Main androgen in male

A

Testosterone

155
Q

Androgen in male works more on?

A

Muscles

156
Q

Andrgen in female works on?

A

Adipose tissue

157
Q

Primary difference between male and female

A

Male - penis

Female - vagina

158
Q

Secondary differences between male and female

A

Male- with adam’s apple, facial hair, muscular, broad shoulder, estuchinon witih diamond pattern

Female- not prominent adam’s apple, absence of facial hair, broad hips, estuchion pattern is inverted triangle, presence of breast

159
Q

True or False. Testes and Ovaries produce sex hormones.

A

True

160
Q

Are testes and ovaries part of endocrine system?

A

Yes

161
Q

condition having Facial pattern of opposite sex

A

Hirsutism

162
Q

It is the inner portion of Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medulla

163
Q

Cell present in Adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

164
Q

Chromaffin cells produces?

A

CATECHOLAMINES-

Dopamine,Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

165
Q

Dopamine is mainly produced in?

A

Hypothalamus

166
Q

Catecholamine is degraded by?

A

Mono-amine oxidase

167
Q

Anti-depressaant drug contains?

A

MAO inhibitor

168
Q

This gland produces Melatonin for circadian fluctuance

A

Pineal gland

169
Q

Other term for pineal gland

A

Epiphyseal gland

170
Q

Location of pineal gland

A

Roof of the third ventricle

171
Q

Refers to the blood melatonin level that are 3x higher at night

A

Circadian fluctuance

172
Q

Melatonin is more active in child, age?

A

0-12months

173
Q

In adult, melatonin will be converted to this hormone to induce sleep.

A

Serotonin

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions