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Dental Boards Review > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Is the functional unit of respiratory system.

A

ALVEOLI

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2
Q

Respiratory rate

A

16-25 breaths per minute

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3
Q

Organ lined with simple COUMNAR and covered with Pleural Cavity.

A

Lungs

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4
Q

Lungs are ___ to the heart.

A

LATERAL

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5
Q

Heart is lined with what cavity?

A

Mediastinal cavity

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6
Q

2 cavities covered by Thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinal and Pleural Cavity

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7
Q

Lung with Larger lobe having oblique and horizontal fissures

A

Right lung

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8
Q

Lung with smaller lobe having oblique fissure only

A

Left lung

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9
Q

What is the additional lobe in the right lung?

A

Middle lobe

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10
Q

What is the additional fissure in right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

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11
Q

A wedge-shaped located on the medial aspect of the lungs.

A

Hilum

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12
Q

Hilum basically means?

A

Gateway of an organ

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13
Q

Structures that passes through the hilum of the lungs

A

Bronchi
Pulmonary artery and vein
hilar lymph nodes

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14
Q

It is an indentation that allows space for the heart.

A

Cardiac notch

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15
Q

It is the tongue-like depression located on the LEFT lung.

A

Lingula

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16
Q

Lobe where the cardiac notch is located

A

Superior lobe of the left lung

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17
Q

Lingula is found in what lobe?

A

Superior lobe of the left lung

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18
Q

The main muscle for respiration

A

Diaphragm

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19
Q

Between what cavity diaphragm is located?

A

Below the thoracic cavity and above the peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

Phrenic refers to

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

Blood supply for the diaphragm

A

Musculophrenic artery

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22
Q

Nerve innervation of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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23
Q

Structures that passes through Caval opening of the diaphragm

A

Inferior vena cava

Right phrenic nerve

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24
Q

Structures that passes through Esophageal opening of the diaphragm

A

Esophagus
R and L vagus nerve
Left gastric vessel

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25
Q

Structures that passes through Aortic opening of the diaphragm

A

Aorta
Azygus vein
Thoracic duct

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26
Q

In what direction diaphragm is displaced during inspiration?

A

INFERIORLY

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27
Q

Action of diaphragm during expiration

A

Recoils

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28
Q

Vein that runs at the side of the THORACIC vertebra towards the superior vena cava that provides an alternative path for blood to the RIGHT ATRIUM when superior and inferior vena cava are BLOCKED

A

Azygos vein

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29
Q

True or False. Contraction of diaphragm initiates expiration.

A

False- inspiration

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30
Q

True or false. During EXPIRATION, it does not require any muscle due to ELASTIC RECOIL

A

True

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31
Q

2 zones in respiration

A

Conducting zone

Respiratory zone

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32
Q

Organs involved in the conducting zone

A 
Nasal pasages
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
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33
Q

Lining epithelium of nasopharynx

A

Stratified squamous

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

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34
Q

Epithelial lining of Oropharynx

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

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35
Q

Part or pharynx that regulates the passage of air into the lungs and food into the esophagus by means of EPIGLOTTIS

A

Laryngopharynx

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36
Q

2 normal earcobic microflora in the oral cavity

A

Streptococcus

Actinomycetes

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37
Q

Most common strep infection

A

Tonsiitis

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38
Q

2nd strep infection

A

Endocarditis

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39
Q

Structures that has schneiderian membrane

A

Mx sinus
Nasopharynx
middle inferior concha
Nasal cavity

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40
Q

Also known as windpipe

A

Trachea

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41
Q

A C-shaped cartilaginous rings lined with PERICHONDRIUM that contains cilia

A

Trachea/windpipe

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42
Q

Function of CIlia

A

Traps bacteria, Filters air

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43
Q

It is the most inferior part of the trachea that bifurcates to from PRIMARY BRONCHI at the level of the STERNAL ange

44
Q

It is the junction of UPPER and LOWER respiratory tract

45
Q

Brief-like structure

46
Q

Straight, shorter and wider bronchus

A

Right bronchus

47
Q

Angulated, longer ad narrower bronchus

A

Left bronchus

48
Q

Which lung is the most common affected by infection?

A

Right lung

49
Q

Most common cause of lung infection

50
Q

Other name for Secondary bronchi

A

Lobar bronchi

51
Q

It contains clara cells that produce serous fluid

A

Bronchioles

52
Q

Terminal bronchioles is lined with?

A

Simple cuboidal ciliated

53
Q

The last part of conducting zone

A

Terminal bronchioles

54
Q

The first part of respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles

55
Q

Difference between Terminal bronchioles and Respiratory bronchioles

A

Terminal- more cartilage, less elastin

Respiratory - less cartilage, more elastin

56
Q

Contains Alveoli for gas exchange via PASSIVE DIFFUSION

A

Alveolar sacs

57
Q

Grape like structure

58
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecule from high to low concentration

59
Q

Passive means?

A

No need of energy

60
Q

Passive diffusion

A

Movement of molecule from high to low concentration without energy

61
Q

It is when oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood and CO2 diffuses from the blood into the air in the alveoli.

A

Gas Exchange

62
Q

Lining epithelium of alveoli

A

Simple squamous

63
Q

other function of squamous cell aside from protection

64
Q

Other name for pneumocyte 1

A

Alveolar cell

65
Q

Other name for pneumocyte 2

A

Septal cell

66
Q

Pneumocyte that prevents mucous leakage

A

Alveolar cell/ pneumocyte 1

67
Q

Pneumocyte that serves as surfactant.

A

Septal cell/ pneumocyte 2

68
Q

True or false. Pneumocyte 2 is more abundant than pneumocyte 1

69
Q

What is a surfactant?

A

Reduces surface tension

Increase pulmonary compliance (ability of lungs to expand)

70
Q

2 types of alveolar macrophages

A

Dust cell

Heart failure cell

71
Q

Dust cell is for?

A

phagocytosis of dust/ particle from the external environment

72
Q

Heart failure cells are for?

A

lysis of hemoglobin

73
Q

Other name for HFC

A

Hemosiderin-laden macrophage

74
Q

Hemoglobin engulfed by macrophage

A

Turns to hemosiderin

75
Q

98% of oxygenated blood returns to the heart while the remaining 2 % becomes?

A

Remnants of blood engulfed by HFC

76
Q

Cell of the lungs that produces mucus and is the most numerous

A

Goblet cells

77
Q

Sputum contains what immunoglobulin?

A

IgA which helps to fight infection

78
Q

The sensory cell of x located in the capillary

A

Juxtacapillary (J) receptors

79
Q

Quantity of air drawn (inhale or exhale)

A

Tidal volume

80
Q

Tidal volume in
male____
Female____

A

M- 500

F-400

81
Q

It is the MAXIMUM inhalation

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

82
Q

IRV in
Male____
Female____

A

M- 3,100

F- 2,400

83
Q

MAXIMUM exhalation

A

Expiratory reserve volume

84
Q

ERV in
Male__
Female___

A

M- 1,200

F- 900

85
Q

The volume of air remaining after MAXIMUM exhalation.

A

Residual volume

86
Q

RV in
Male___
Female___

A

M- 1,200

F- 900

87
Q

Volume of air remaining after Normal exhalation

A

Functional residual capacity

88
Q

FRC in
Male___
Female___

A

M- 2,300

F- 1,800

89
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be moved in or out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle.

A

Vital capacity

90
Q

VC in
Male___
Female____

A

M- 4,600

F- 3,100

91
Q

Total voume of air after MAXIMUM inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity

92
Q

TLC in
Male____
Female___

A

M- 6000

F- 4,600

93
Q

Reflex due to overinflation of alveoli

A

Herring-Breuer reflex

94
Q

Why men needs more oxygen levels?

A

Male contains more testosterone that female

95
Q

Testosterone in male mainly acts on

A

Skeletal muscles

96
Q

Estrogen and Progesterone in female acts on

A

Adipose tissue

97
Q

Formula for Functional Residual capacity

A

FRC= ERV + RV

98
Q

Formula for Vital capacity

A

VC= Vt (Tidal volume) + IRV + ERV

99
Q

Formula for Total Lung Capacity

A

TLC= RV + ERV+ TV+ IRV

100
Q

Amount of daily water exhaled through moist

101
Q

Pathology of which breathing is deep and labored

A

Kaussmaul’s respiration

102
Q

Pathology of which breatjing is deep and fast with sudden apnea

A

Cheyne-stoke respiration

103
Q

Pathology of which breathing is shallow, and fast with sudden apnea

A

BIOT respiration

104
Q

Prolonged deep breathing will result to?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

105
Q

Neutral ph of the body

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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