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Cardiovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are some Cardiovascular diseases

A 
Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
Athrosclerosis
Ischemic heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Myocardial infarction
Congestive Heart failure
Valvular disease
Rheumatic fever
Cardiac tamponade
Tetralogy of fallot
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2
Q

Etiology of ABE

A

occurs during IV drugs without asepsis

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3
Q

Causative agent of ABE

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Affected site of ABE

A

Tricuspid valve

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5
Q

Disadvantage of having ABE

A

Reccurs

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6
Q

Differences between Asepsis, Disinfection and Sterilization

A

Asepsis - kill certain microorganism in living tissue
Disinfection- kill certain microorganism in non-living things
Sterilization- killing all microorganism

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7
Q

Layer of heart affected by ABE

A

Endocardium

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8
Q

Normal bacteria of skin

A

S. aureus

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9
Q

What must be done in patient with endocarditis that needs dental treatment?

A

ABE with fever on the day of tx: Prophylactic antibiotic 30mins to 1 hour before tx
ABE without fever: No prophylactic antibiotic

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10
Q

Prophylactic antibiotic for patient with endocarditis.

A

Amoxicillin 1-2g

Clindamycin- 600mg

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11
Q

Etiology of SBE

A

Occurs during dental procedure

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12
Q

Causative agent of SBE

A

Streptococcus veredans

Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus

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13
Q

Affected site of SBE

A

Mitral valve

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14
Q

The hallmark of endocarditis

A

FEVER

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15
Q

Cardiovascular disease caused by formation of plaques in vessels

A

Atherosclerosis (Atheroma)

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16
Q

Risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

Smoking
Hypertension
DM
Nephrosclerosis

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17
Q

Plaque in blood vessel means?

A

Accumulation of LDL or triglycerides

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18
Q

Less prone to heart disease

A

Acoholism

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19
Q

Action of alcohol in blood vessel

A

Vasodilation

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20
Q

Does menopause causes atherosclerosis?

A

No

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21
Q

It is the most common consequence of CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

A

Ischemic Heart disease

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22
Q

Clinical sign of Ischemic heart disease

A

Angina pectoris

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23
Q

Angina pectoris is due to?

A

Vasoconstrcition

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24
Q

Type of angina seen in coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis but for healthy patient it is due to exertion or heavy exercise.

A

STABLE ANGINA

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25
Type of angina due to severe coronary artery disease or oncoming MI.
UNSTABLE angina
26
Patient feels chest pain even at rest
Unstable angina
27
Type of angina due to vasosoasm that the patient feels intermittent chest pain
Variant (Pritzmetal)
28
Drugs used to treat Ischemic heart disease
Nitroglycerine (Glycerine trinitrate) Ca channel blockers Beta blockers Amyl nitrate "poppers" through inhakation
29
Drug prescribed by dentist to treat angina
Nitrogycerine
30
onset of Nitroglycerine
Sublingual within 5 minutes
31
Action of Nitrogycerine
Vasodilation
32
Classic symptom of Coronary artery disease
Angina pectoris
33
Causes of Coronary artery disease
Atherosclerosis | Decreased oxygen in myocardium
34
Risk factors of Coronary artery disease
``` Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Smoking Obesity Being male ```
35
Most important drug in Coronary artery disease
Aspirin
36
Cardiovascular disease that is due to lack of blood flow in coronary artery
Myocardial infarct
37
Origin of MI
Deep femoral vein thrombosis
38
Type of infarct due to arterial occlusion
White MI
39
MI due to arterial occlusion and venous occlusion
Red Infarct
40
Infarct due to bacteria containing emboli
Septic infarct
41
Organ common with white infarct
Heart Brain Kidneys Spleen
42
Organ common with red infarct
Lungs | Intestines
43
Sepsis means?
Bacteria in blood
44
Embolus common in lung
Pulmonary embolism
45
Cause of stroke in person with MI
common thrombus formation in Aorta or Left ventricle
46
Sign and symptom of MI
Pain radiating to the left arm sweating nausea angina pectoris
47
Sign of arterial thrombi
Lines of ZAHN
48
What troponin is increased as the marker of cardiac injury
Troponin T
49
Other markers of cardiac injury
CK Myoglobin creatinine phosphokinase
50
Type of thrombus that originates in endocardial surface andprotrudes into the lumen of the heart
Mural
51
Type of thrombus that is caused by prolonged heart failure
Agonal
52
Type of thrombus that is composed of RBCs
RED
53
Type of thrombus that is composed of PLATELETS
White
54
Type of thrombus that is composed of fibrin
FIBRIN
55
Type of Congested heart failure that may result from any heart diseases
Left-sided
56
Signs and symptoms of Left sided CHF
``` Dyspnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Orthopnea Tachypnea Pleural effusion ```
57
Accumulation of water in pleural cavity
Pleural Effusion
58
Sudden change in position
Orthopnea
59
CHF preceded after Left-sided heart failure
Right sided
60
Signs and symptoms of Right sidedheart failure
Peripheral edema Enlarged liver or spleen Distention of the neck veins
61
The most conspicuous sign
Systemic Venous Congestion
62
Edema in the lower extremity
Peripheral edema
63
Common sign of enlarged liver
Nutmeg appearance
64
Two edema in Right sidedHeart failure
Ascites | Peripheral edema
65
Vein most common affected to distention
Jugular vein
66
Ascites is present in?
``` Cirrhosis Hepatitis Portal vein thrombosis Nephrotic syndrome Pancreatitis ```
67
What is anasarca?
Generalized edema
68
Edema not that is not a complication of Congestive heart failure
Anasarca
69
What is the most common complication of left-sided heart failure?
Right-sided heart failure
70
What is the most common complication of right-sided heart failure
Cor pumonare
71
What is cor pulmonare?
Dysfunction of entire heart
72
Valvular diseases having a fibrotic valve resulting in reduced blood flow
Stenosis valvular disease
73
Valvular diseases where there is leakage of the blood in the valves
Regirgitation
74
The most common type of valvular disease
Prolapse
75
Other name for Prolapse valve disease
Floppy valve
76
Valve most commonly affected by valvular disease
Mitral valve
77
It is where all three layers of the heart may be affected.
Rheumatic fever (Rheumatic Heart disease)
78
The most characteristic lesion of Rheumatic fever
Fibrinoid Degeneration
79
Primary disease for Rheumatic fever.
Scarlet fever
80
Causative agent of Rheumatic fever
Group-A beta Streptococcus
81
Histologic findings of Rheumatic fever
``` Aschoff bodies(Aschoff giant cells) Anitschkow cells ```
82
What is Scarlet fever in chidren?
Tonsilitis for more than 3-4 times
83
Valve commonly affected by RHD
Mitral valve
84
What must be done for patients with history of RHD and currently with fever in dental setting?
Antibiotic prophylaxis 30minutes prior
85
RF affects heart which is also associated with?
Joints Brain Skin
86
Cardiovascular disease caused by the accumulation of fluid in PERICARDIUM
Cardiac Tamponade
87
Beck's triad in Cardiac tamponade
Hypertension Jugular venous distention Distant heartsounds
88
Pathognomonic signs of Cardiac tamponade
Pulsus paradoxus
89
What is pulsus paradoxus?
Large decrease in stroke volume and decrease in systolic BP
90
Sound outside or distant to the heart is called?
Bruit
91
The most common to have cardiac arrest.
Cardiac tamponade
92
Cardiovascular disease where a heart defect gives blue-tinged skin in infants
Tetralogy of Fallot
93
The most common of infant or children with heart defect is?
Clubbing of thefingers
94
Tetrad of Tetralogy of fallot
Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricle hypertrophy Overriding aorta Ventricular septal defect
95
Radiographic appearance of Tetralogy of fallot
Boot-shaped

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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