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Dental Boards Review > Cardiovascular disease > Flashcards

Cardiovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are some Cardiovascular diseases

A 
Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
Athrosclerosis
Ischemic heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Myocardial infarction
Congestive Heart failure
Valvular disease
Rheumatic fever
Cardiac tamponade
Tetralogy of fallot
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2
Q

Etiology of ABE

A

occurs during IV drugs without asepsis

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3
Q

Causative agent of ABE

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Affected site of ABE

A

Tricuspid valve

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5
Q

Disadvantage of having ABE

A

Reccurs

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6
Q

Differences between Asepsis, Disinfection and Sterilization

A

Asepsis - kill certain microorganism in living tissue
Disinfection- kill certain microorganism in non-living things
Sterilization- killing all microorganism

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7
Q

Layer of heart affected by ABE

A

Endocardium

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8
Q

Normal bacteria of skin

A

S. aureus

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9
Q

What must be done in patient with endocarditis that needs dental treatment?

A

ABE with fever on the day of tx: Prophylactic antibiotic 30mins to 1 hour before tx
ABE without fever: No prophylactic antibiotic

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10
Q

Prophylactic antibiotic for patient with endocarditis.

A

Amoxicillin 1-2g

Clindamycin- 600mg

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11
Q

Etiology of SBE

A

Occurs during dental procedure

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12
Q

Causative agent of SBE

A

Streptococcus veredans

Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus

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13
Q

Affected site of SBE

A

Mitral valve

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14
Q

The hallmark of endocarditis

A

FEVER

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15
Q

Cardiovascular disease caused by formation of plaques in vessels

A

Atherosclerosis (Atheroma)

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16
Q

Risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

Smoking
Hypertension
DM
Nephrosclerosis

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17
Q

Plaque in blood vessel means?

A

Accumulation of LDL or triglycerides

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18
Q

Less prone to heart disease

A

Acoholism

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19
Q

Action of alcohol in blood vessel

A

Vasodilation

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20
Q

Does menopause causes atherosclerosis?

A

No

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21
Q

It is the most common consequence of CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

A

Ischemic Heart disease

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22
Q

Clinical sign of Ischemic heart disease

A

Angina pectoris

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23
Q

Angina pectoris is due to?

A

Vasoconstrcition

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24
Q

Type of angina seen in coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis but for healthy patient it is due to exertion or heavy exercise.

A

STABLE ANGINA

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25
Q

Type of angina due to severe coronary artery disease or oncoming MI.

A

UNSTABLE angina

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26
Q

Patient feels chest pain even at rest

A

Unstable angina

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27
Q

Type of angina due to vasosoasm that the patient feels intermittent chest pain

A

Variant (Pritzmetal)

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28
Q

Drugs used to treat Ischemic heart disease

A

Nitroglycerine (Glycerine trinitrate)
Ca channel blockers
Beta blockers
Amyl nitrate “poppers” through inhakation

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29
Q

Drug prescribed by dentist to treat angina

A

Nitrogycerine

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30
Q

onset of Nitroglycerine

A

Sublingual within 5 minutes

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31
Q

Action of Nitrogycerine

A

Vasodilation

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32
Q

Classic symptom of Coronary artery disease

A

Angina pectoris

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33
Q

Causes of Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis

Decreased oxygen in myocardium

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34
Q

Risk factors of Coronary artery disease

A 
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
Obesity
Being male
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35
Q

Most important drug in Coronary artery disease

A

Aspirin

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36
Q

Cardiovascular disease that is due to lack of blood flow in coronary artery

A

Myocardial infarct

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37
Q

Origin of MI

A

Deep femoral vein thrombosis

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38
Q

Type of infarct due to arterial occlusion

A

White MI

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39
Q

MI due to arterial occlusion and venous occlusion

A

Red Infarct

40
Q

Infarct due to bacteria containing emboli

A

Septic infarct

41
Q

Organ common with white infarct

A

Heart
Brain
Kidneys
Spleen

42
Q

Organ common with red infarct

A

Lungs

Intestines

43
Q

Sepsis means?

A

Bacteria in blood

44
Q

Embolus common in lung

A

Pulmonary embolism

45
Q

Cause of stroke in person with MI

A

common thrombus formation in Aorta or Left ventricle

46
Q

Sign and symptom of MI

A

Pain radiating to the left arm
sweating
nausea
angina pectoris

47
Q

Sign of arterial thrombi

A

Lines of ZAHN

48
Q

What troponin is increased as the marker of cardiac injury

A

Troponin T

49
Q

Other markers of cardiac injury

A

CK
Myoglobin
creatinine phosphokinase

50
Q

Type of thrombus that originates in endocardial surface andprotrudes into the lumen of the heart

A

Mural

51
Q

Type of thrombus that is caused by prolonged heart failure

A

Agonal

52
Q

Type of thrombus that is composed of RBCs

A

RED

53
Q

Type of thrombus that is composed of PLATELETS

A

White

54
Q

Type of thrombus that is composed of fibrin

A

FIBRIN

55
Q

Type of Congested heart failure that may result from any heart diseases

A

Left-sided

56
Q

Signs and symptoms of Left sided CHF

A 
Dyspnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Orthopnea
Tachypnea
Pleural effusion
57
Q

Accumulation of water in pleural cavity

A

Pleural Effusion

58
Q

Sudden change in position

A

Orthopnea

59
Q

CHF preceded after Left-sided heart failure

A

Right sided

60
Q

Signs and symptoms of Right sidedheart failure

A

Peripheral edema
Enlarged liver or spleen
Distention of the neck veins

61
Q

The most conspicuous sign

A

Systemic Venous Congestion

62
Q

Edema in the lower extremity

A

Peripheral edema

63
Q

Common sign of enlarged liver

A

Nutmeg appearance

64
Q

Two edema in Right sidedHeart failure

A

Ascites

Peripheral edema

65
Q

Vein most common affected to distention

A

Jugular vein

66
Q

Ascites is present in?

A 
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Portal vein thrombosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Pancreatitis
67
Q

What is anasarca?

A

Generalized edema

68
Q

Edema not that is not a complication of Congestive heart failure

A

Anasarca

69
Q

What is the most common complication of left-sided heart failure?

A

Right-sided heart failure

70
Q

What is the most common complication of right-sided heart failure

A

Cor pumonare

71
Q

What is cor pulmonare?

A

Dysfunction of entire heart

72
Q

Valvular diseases having a fibrotic valve resulting in reduced blood flow

A

Stenosis valvular disease

73
Q

Valvular diseases where there is leakage of the blood in the valves

A

Regirgitation

74
Q

The most common type of valvular disease

A

Prolapse

75
Q

Other name for Prolapse valve disease

A

Floppy valve

76
Q

Valve most commonly affected by valvular disease

A

Mitral valve

77
Q

It is where all three layers of the heart may be affected.

A

Rheumatic fever (Rheumatic Heart disease)

78
Q

The most characteristic lesion of Rheumatic fever

A

Fibrinoid Degeneration

79
Q

Primary disease for Rheumatic fever.

A

Scarlet fever

80
Q

Causative agent of Rheumatic fever

A

Group-A beta Streptococcus

81
Q

Histologic findings of Rheumatic fever

A 
Aschoff bodies(Aschoff giant cells)
Anitschkow cells
82
Q

What is Scarlet fever in chidren?

A

Tonsilitis for more than 3-4 times

83
Q

Valve commonly affected by RHD

A

Mitral valve

84
Q

What must be done for patients with history of RHD and currently with fever in dental setting?

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis 30minutes prior

85
Q

RF affects heart which is also associated with?

A

Joints
Brain
Skin

86
Q

Cardiovascular disease caused by the accumulation of fluid in PERICARDIUM

A

Cardiac Tamponade

87
Q

Beck’s triad in Cardiac tamponade

A

Hypertension
Jugular venous distention
Distant heartsounds

88
Q

Pathognomonic signs of Cardiac tamponade

A

Pulsus paradoxus

89
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

A

Large decrease in stroke volume and decrease in systolic BP

90
Q

Sound outside or distant to the heart is called?

A

Bruit

91
Q

The most common to have cardiac arrest.

A

Cardiac tamponade

92
Q

Cardiovascular disease where a heart defect gives blue-tinged skin in infants

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

93
Q

The most common of infant or children with heart defect is?

A

Clubbing of thefingers

94
Q

Tetrad of Tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricle hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect

95
Q

Radiographic appearance of Tetralogy of fallot

A

Boot-shaped

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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