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Dental Boards Review > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Term for the primary reproductive organs

A

Gonads

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2
Q

Testes in male is homologous to

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

Epididymis in male is homologous to

A

Gartner’s duct

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4
Q

Cowper’s gland in male is homologous to

A

Bartholin’s gland

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5
Q

Prostate gland in male is homologous to

A

SKENE’s gland

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6
Q

Penis in male is homologous to

A

Clitoris

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7
Q

Scrotum in male is homologous to

A

Labia majora

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8
Q

Reproductive male organ that are suspended outside the abdomen in the SCORTUM

A

TESTES

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9
Q

Testes is surrounded bu a thick capsule of?

A

Tunica albuginea

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10
Q

Testes develops from?

A

Wolffian duct

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11
Q

between the right and left testes, which is placed more lower?

A

Left testes

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12
Q

Reason why left testes is more lower?

A

increase pampiniform venous

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13
Q

The site of spermatogenesis

A

seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined with?

A

Columnar epithelium

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15
Q

Spermatogenesis lasts for how many days?

A

64 days

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16
Q

Spermatogenesis is the formation of?

A

Spermatogonium

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17
Q

Precursor of Sperm

A

Spermatid

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18
Q

process of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium > primary spermatocyte > secondary spermatocyte> Spermatid > Sperm

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19
Q

Site of Maturation and storage of sperm cell

A

Epididymis

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20
Q

Epididymis is lined with?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

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21
Q

This structure transport sperm cell to ejaculatory duct.

A

Vas deferens

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22
Q

Other name for vas deferens

A

Ductus deferens

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23
Q

Ductus deferens is lined with?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

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24
Q

Accessory gland developed from the vas deferens

A

Seminal vesicle

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25
Q

Location of seminal vesicle

A

Behind the Urinary bladder

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26
Q

Function of seminal vesicle

A

produces semen and Fructose

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27
Q

Fluid that contains sperm

A

Semen

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28
Q

Energy of sperm comes from what monosaccharide

A

Fructose

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29
Q

Prostate gland is found where?

A

Neck of Urinary bladder

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30
Q

Function of prostate gland

A

produces alkaline mucus

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31
Q

Cowper’s gland is found where?

A

Below the urinary bladder

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32
Q

other name for cowper’s gland

A

Bulbourethral gland

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33
Q

All of the following accessory gland is found?

A

Urinary bladder

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34
Q

Cell in testes that secretes inhibin and androgen-binding protein

A

Sertoli cell

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35
Q

other name for Sertoli cell

A

Sustentacular

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36
Q

Sertoli cell is induced by what hormone?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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37
Q

protein that stops the production of sperm

A

Inhibin

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38
Q

Cell that secretes testosterone mainly for sperm cell production

A

Leydig cell

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39
Q

Other name fore Leydig cell

A

Interstitial cell

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40
Q

Leydig cell is induced by what hormone?

A

Luteinizing hormone

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41
Q

Testosterone binds to what protein

A

Androgen-binding protein (ABP)

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42
Q

hormone that sends signal to sustentacular cell to secretes inhibin and ABP

A

FSH

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43
Q

What maintains the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cell

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44
Q

other name for blood-testis barrier

A

Sertoli cell barrier

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45
Q

What is the cell responsible for sperm cell production?

A

Leydig cell

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46
Q

What is vasectomy?

A

Complete surgical removal of vas deferens

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47
Q

After having vasectomy, male can still ejaculate but with what fluid?

A

Semen without sperm

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48
Q

What is semen?

A

Fluid that covers sperm

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49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of VIAGRA (blue pill)?

A

Increases nitric oxide

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50
Q

Viagra is used for?

A

Erectile dysfunction

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51
Q

Nitric oxide acts on the body by

A

Dilating the blood vessel which causes more testosterone to penis (muscle) causing erection

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52
Q

2 muscles in testes

A

Dartos and cremaster muscle

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53
Q

Muscle that contracts the testes causing wrinkling of scrotum

A

Dartos muscle

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54
Q

Muscle that pulls the testes towards the body

A

Cremaster muscle

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55
Q

a superficial reflex found in human males that is elicited when the skin in testes is stroked.

A

Cremasteric reflex

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56
Q

True or False. Testes is heat-sensitive.

A

True

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57
Q

The active component of viagra

A

Sildenafil citrate

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58
Q

Age when prostate becomes enlarged

A

45 years old

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59
Q

Enlargement of prostate gland is caused by?

A

Benign nodular hyperplasia

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60
Q

The second most common cancer in male.

A

Prostate cancer

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61
Q

most common cancer in male

A

Lung cancer

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62
Q

Sign that indicates the prostate gland has become enlarged

A

Difficulty in urinating

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63
Q

Female reproductive organ that contains MAMMARY GLAND with 15-25 lobes of ALVEOLI

A

Breasts

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64
Q

Other structures aside from mammary gland present in breasts

A

lymph nodes

adipose tissue

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65
Q

Location of breasts

A

Lies on the PECTORALIS MAJOR muscle

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66
Q

It is the main suspensory ligament of the breasts

A

Cooper’s ligament

67
Q

these are the star-shaped specialized contractile cell for secretion of milk

A

Myoepithelial cells

68
Q

the ink-brown pigmented region surrounding the nipple

A

Areola

69
Q

Produces the milk

A

Alveoli

70
Q

Responsible for pain on the nipple area

A

T4 dermotome

71
Q

process of producing milk inalveoli

A

Lactation

72
Q

Lactation begins at what trimester of pregnancy

A

2nd trimester

73
Q

major hormone stimulating the production of milk

A

PROLACTIN

74
Q

hormone that secretes milk

A

Oxytocin

75
Q

reflex that stimulates the surge of prolactin production

A

Suckling reflex

76
Q

what organ stimulates suckling reflex

A

Lips

77
Q

Difference between suckling and sucking

A

Suckling uses lips

Sucking uses lips and buccinator

78
Q

Milk components

A 
Water
Protein
Fats
Lactose
Iron (lowest)
Antibodies
Growth hormone
Neuropeptides
Endogenous opioids
79
Q

Oxytocin is produced?

A

Paraventricular

80
Q

A watery fluid produced by the breast 24-48 hours after delivery that marks the beginning of milk secretion

A

Colostrum

81
Q

Reproductive tract in female originated in

A

Mullerian duct

82
Q

the most acidic environment in female reproductive organ

A

Vagina

83
Q

Vagina is acidic due to?

A

having normal biota LACTOBACILLUS

84
Q

The only microorganism that resist the most acidic environment

A

Lactobacillus

85
Q

contains the most abundant MUCUS content

A

CERVIX

86
Q

The site of embryonic and fetal development

A

Uterus

87
Q

Lining of uterus that is the main layer involved during menstrual cycle

A

Endometrium

88
Q

Site of implantation of zygote

A

Endometrium

89
Q

hormone increased during menstruation

A

Progesterone

90
Q

Why female undergo menstruation?

A

Prepare endometrium for pregnancy

91
Q

The layer of uterus that contains muscle contraction

A

Myometrium

92
Q

The outer serous coat of the uterus

A

Perimetrium

93
Q

Fallopian tube is lined with?

A

Simple ciliated columnar

94
Q

Other name for fallopian tube

A

Oviduct

95
Q

It is the site of fertilization

A

Ampulla of oviduct

96
Q

Other name for fertilization

A

Amphimixis

97
Q

four stages of embryonic development

A

Zygote > Blastomere > Morula > Blastula

98
Q

What androgen is increased during menstruation?

A

progesterone

99
Q

cell that produces OVUM

A

Follicle cell

100
Q

A follicle cell without oyum

A

Corpeus luteum

101
Q

Corpus luteum once emptied will produce what androgen?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

102
Q

Process of oogenesis

A

Oogonium > primary oocyte > secondary oocyte > oocyte (zona pellucida)

103
Q

Precursor of oocyte

A

Secondary oocyte

104
Q

the thick transparent membrane surrounding a mammalian ovum before implantation.

A

Zona pellucida

105
Q

Cell that is the binding site of Estrogen

A

Granulosa cell

106
Q

Hormone that induces granulosa cell

A

FSH

107
Q

the binding site of progesterone in ovary

A

Theca cell

108
Q

LH in male induces what cell?

A

Leydig cell

109
Q

What is the content of oral contraceptive?

A

Synthetic progesterone

110
Q

Drug that has synthetic progesterone

A

Progestins

111
Q

What is the surgical removal of uterus and uterine artery?

A

Hysterectomy

112
Q

Menstrual cycle lasts for?

A

28 days

113
Q

Phase of mentrual cycle that lasts for 3-5 days

A

Menstrual phase

114
Q

in Menstrual phase, what androgen is increased?

A

progesterone

115
Q

It is the highest peak of Fertilization

A

proliferative phase

116
Q

Proliferative phase lasts for

A

10-14 days

117
Q

Proliferative phase, what androgen is increased?

A

Estrogen

118
Q

Androgen increased in secretory phase

A

Estrogen

119
Q

Surge of LH is due to

A

shifting in anterior pituitary gland secretion

120
Q

Phase in menstrual cycle that lasts for 12-16 days

A

Luteal phase

121
Q

what androgen is increased during luteal phase?

A

Progesterone

122
Q

drug that suppresses ovulation process

A

Oral contraceptives (progestins)

123
Q

Adverse effect of oral contraceptives

A

Thromboembolism

124
Q

Phase target by oral contraceptive is?

A

secretory phase

125
Q

Pregnancy lasts for how many days?

A

280 days

126
Q

Indicator of prenancy is

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

127
Q

What happens during first trimester?

A

Estogen (estradiol) is increased
Organogenesis
Embryo-fetus development
No drugs in all form unless life threatening

128
Q

What happens during second trimester?

A

Progesterone is increased
Presence of heart beat
Safest for dental procedure

129
Q

What happens during third trimester?

A

Organs are functional

130
Q

What is the most abundant type of estrogen?

A

Estradiol

131
Q

Enlargement of breast and uterus during pregnancy is due to?

A

Hyperplasia

132
Q

Teratogenecity is?

A

effect of drug causing congenital effect

133
Q

Antibiotic safe for pregnant woman

A

Amoxicillin

134
Q

Stages of fertilization

A

zygote > blastomere > morula > blastula > gastrulation

135
Q

union of sperm and egg cell

A

zygote

136
Q

zygote forms in?

A

Ampulla of oviduct

137
Q

protected by a layer of glycoptrotein called Zona pellucida

A

Ovum (haploid)

138
Q

sperm cell (haploid) binds to zona pellucida via

A

Acrosomal reactions

139
Q

a series of biochemical reaction that the sperm uses to break through the zona pellucida

A

Acrosomal reaction

140
Q

A type of cell produced cleavage (cell division) and it is essential for formation of blastula

A

Blastomere

141
Q

A solid ball of cells resulting from division of BLASTOMERE in which blastula is formed

A

Morula

142
Q

Formed when zygote undergoes rapid cell division

A

Blastula

143
Q

is the spherical layer of cells surrounding the yolk cavity

A

blastoderm

144
Q

when the cells of blastula re-arrange themselves spatially to form gell cell layers

A

Gastrulation

145
Q

germ cell layer that gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis

A

Ectoderm

146
Q

germ cell layer that give rise to muscle cells and connective tissues

A

Mesoderm

147
Q

germ cell layer that give rise to digestive system and visceral organs

A

Endoderm

148
Q

Structures derived from ECTODERM

A 
Parotid gland
Lens
Anterior pituitary gland
Mammary gland
Enamel
Epithelial linings of anus
Epidermis
Cochlea and vestibule
149
Q

Structures derived from Neuro-ectoderm

A 
Neurons
Astrocytes
Posterior pituitary gland
Retina
Oligodendrocyte
150
Q

Structures derived from Neural crest cell

A 
Cranial nerves and ganglion
Adrenal medulla
Schwann cells
Satellite cell
Pia and arachnoid
Parafollicular cells
Intra-ocular muscle
151
Q

Structures derived from Mesoderm

A 
Dermis
Dura mater
Adrenal cortex
Mesenchymal cells
Bones and cartilages
Blood and lymph vessels
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Spleen
Heart
Extra-ocular muscle
Kidneys
Testes and ovaries
Tooth structures except enamel
152
Q

Structures derived from endoderm

A 
Auditory tube
Vagina
Epithelial lining of: GI tract, Trachea, Bronchi, and lungs
Biliary apparatus
Urinary bladder, urethra
Middle ear
Major salivary glands ecept. Parotid
Parenchymal cells
153
Q

Main cell of mesoderm

A

Mesenchymal cells

154
Q

Main cell of endoderm

A

Parenchymal cells

155
Q

Macrophage of brain

A

Microglia

156
Q

most numerous neuroglia

A

Astrocyte

157
Q

What hormone is elevated during Menstrual phase?

A

LH

158
Q

What hormone is elevated during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone (second and third)

159
Q

What hormone is elevated during laboring?

A

Oxytocin

160
Q

Fake oxytocin

A

Pitocin

161
Q

Where is the most common location of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fallopian tube

162
Q

What is the surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during stage of labor?

A

Episiotomy

163
Q

What is the most common infection after delivery?

A

Puerperal fever by Streptococcus infection

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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