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Dental Boards Review > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of microanatomy of cells, tissues and organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

Units of measurements in microscopy

A

Angstrom
Micrometer
Micron

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3
Q

The father of Microscopic Anatomy and Histology

A

Marcello Malphigi

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4
Q

He discovered the microscope

A

Leeuwen Hoek

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5
Q

It is the basic structural unit of life

A

Cell

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6
Q

Differences between prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

A

Prokaryotic- no true nucleus, found in bacteria, cell membrane not defined, Binary fission and contains one copy of each gene- Haploid

Eukaryotic- True nucleus, found in Animal, Plant, Fungi, and unicellular organisms, defined cell membrane, undergoes Meiosis and Mitosis

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7
Q

First growth phase of the cell

A

G1 Phase

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8
Q

Dna synthesis where TWO sister chromatids are produced

A

S- phase

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9
Q

Second growth phase of the cell

A

G2 Phase

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10
Q

preparation or resting phase for MITOSIS

A

Interphase

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11
Q

Majority of life cells are in what phase?

A

Interphase

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12
Q

Phase where in chromosome condense and become visible “PAIR UP”

A

Prophase

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13
Q

Phase where mitotic spindle apparatus forms at the opposite poles of the cell.

A

Prophase

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14
Q

Mitotic spindle is made up of?

A

MICROTUBULE

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15
Q

Chromosome checkpoint

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

Phase where chromosome align at the equatrial plate and held in place by microtubules.

A

Metaphase

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17
Q

Phase where sister chromatids and centromere separate and move toward the oppsite poles

A

Anaphase

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18
Q

phase when daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and microtubules disappear.

A

Telophase

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19
Q

Phase where the last stage of Mitosis when there is Cleavage furrow

A

Cytokinesis

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20
Q

Chromosome with shorter arm

A

P- arm

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21
Q

Chromosome with longer arm

A

Q-arm

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22
Q

Pat of a cell that is made up of semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer

A

Cell membrane

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23
Q

Cell membrane is also known as

A

Plasma membrane / Cytoplasmic membrane

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24
Q

The major constituents of cell membrane

A

Lipid and Proteins

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25
Q

The major Non-Phospholipid constituent of cell membrane

A

Cholesterol

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26
Q

The fluid found inside the cell where organelles are suspended

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

These are tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell and are embedded within the cytoplasm

A

Organelle

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28
Q

A double membrane organelle containing the genetic information carried by DNA

A

Nucleus

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29
Q

Contains RNA for ribosomal synthesis (rRNA)

A

Nucleolus

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30
Q

a double membrane orhganelle that is the powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondira

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31
Q

ATP production in mitochondira is?

A

KREBS CYCLE

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32
Q

ATP becomes ADP via?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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33
Q

It is the lipid that participates in mitchondira electron transport.

A

Ubiquinone

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34
Q

Organelle that contain ribosome for protein synthesis

A

Rough (granular) endoplasmic reticulum

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35
Q

Rough ER is most abundant in what organ?

A

Thyroid gland

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36
Q

Organelle that has no ribosome but for lipid and glycogen synthesis also for DRUG DETOXIFICATION

A

Smooth ER

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37
Q

Smooth ER is most abundant in what organ?

A

LIVER

38
Q

A non-membrane organelle for protein synthesis, also known as protein factory

A

Ribosome

39
Q

The packaging molecule of the cell that contain secretory vesicles and curved, flattened CISTERNAE parallel to each other.

A

Golgi apparatus

40
Q

Digestive system of the cell that contains hyrdolytic enzymes responsible for degradation

A

Lysosome

41
Q

2 hydrolytic enzyme of lysosome

A

Creatine kinase

Lactate dehydrogenase

42
Q

The only cell not necessary for cell matabolism

A

Lysosome

43
Q

Organelle for breakdown of toxic products in the cell

A

Peroxisome

44
Q

Organelle that acts as the framework to support the organelles

A

Cytoskeleton

45
Q

Composition of cytoskeleton for absorption

A

Microvilli

Stereocilia

46
Q

Composition of cytoskeleton for motility, contains AXONEME and has 9+2 arangement

A

Cilia

47
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Formed by the cells of the body

48
Q

Four basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

49
Q

Types of epithelial tissue and function

A

Squamous- for diffusion, lining, protection
Cuboidal- storage and absorption
Columnar- secretion

50
Q

Structure lined with simple squamous

A

Endothelial lining of blood vessel
Thin segment of ascending loop of henle
Alveoli of lungs

51
Q

Structure lined with simple stratified

A

Epidermis
oral mucosa
esophagus
vagina

52
Q

Structures lined with simple cuboidal

A

Thyroid follicle
ducts of glands except Parotid
Kidneys except thin segment

53
Q

Structures lined with stratified cuboidal

A

sweat gland ducts

54
Q

Structures lined with simple ciliated columnar

A

Fallopian tube

55
Q

Structures lined with simple non-ciliated columnar

A

cells of gallbladder

intestines

56
Q

Structures lined with stratified columnar

A

STENSEN’s duct

57
Q

Structures lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

Trachea and upper respiratory tract

Sinus

58
Q

Structures lined with pseudostratified non-ciliated cilumnar

A

Other female reproductive tract

59
Q

Structures lined with transitional

A

Ureters
Urinary bladder
Intestines

60
Q

Tissue that binds and support other tissues

A

Connective tissue

61
Q

Connective tissue contains?

A 
Contains blood
bone
connective tissue proper
adipose
cartilages
62
Q

Type of connective junctions of cell act as barrier in the body

A

Zona occludens

63
Q

Other name for zona occludens

A

Sealing strands

64
Q

Type of connective junctions of cell that serve as attachment of adjacent epithelial cells

A

Zona adherens

65
Q

Other name for Zona adherens

A

Hemidesmosome

66
Q

Type of connective junctions of cell that hold the same type of cell together

A

Macula adherens

67
Q

Other name for macula adherens

A

Desmosome

68
Q

Type of connective junctions of cell that act as communicaation between adjacent cells

A

Gap junctions

69
Q

The most abundant protein in the body, found in extracellular matrix.

A

Collagen

70
Q

Extracellular matrix is found mostly in

A

Basement membrane

71
Q

Type 1 collagen

A 
Bone (mosrt)
Dentin
Fibrous cartilage
Cementum (I and III)
PDL (I and III)
Pulp
Alveolar bone
Sclera
72
Q

Type 2 collagen

A

Hyaline and Elastic cartilage

73
Q

Type 3 collagen

A

Loose connective tissue
Dermis (most abundant)
Blood vessels

74
Q

Type 4 collagen

A

Basement membrane

75
Q

An avascular and a SPECIALIZED connective tissue proper

A

Cartilage

76
Q

Hyaline cartilage mostly found in?

A

Ribs
Nose
Larynx
Trachea

77
Q

Fibrous cartilage mostly found in?

A

Intervertebral disc
Joints
Ligaments

78
Q

Elastic cartilage mostly found in?

A

External ear
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube
Larynx

79
Q

A muscle to bone attachment made up of DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

Tendon

80
Q

A BONE TO BONE attachment

A

Ligament

81
Q

Bone formation where in hyaline becomes bone

A

Endochondral ossification

82
Q

Bone formation made entirely from bone

A

Intramembranous bone formation

83
Q

These are the ground substances served as the important structure in connective tissue

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

84
Q

Type of GAGs found in cartilage

A

Chondroitin sulfate

85
Q

Type of GAGs found in cornea and loose connective tissue

A

Keratan sulfate

86
Q

Type of GAGs found in basement membrane

A

Heparan sulfate

87
Q

Type of GAGs found in skin and vascular tissues

A

Dermatan sulfate

88
Q

Type of GAGs found in vitreous humor, synovial fluid and ECM

A

Hyaluronic acid

89
Q

Type of tissue for locomotion

A

Muscular tissue

90
Q

Types of muscle and its characteristics

A

Skeletal: voluntary, striated and ,ultinucleated
Smooth: involuntary,, non-striated and uni-nucleated
Cardiac: incoluntary, striated and uni-nucleated

91
Q

Tissue for the response to stimuli and transmit impulse, has a high degree of conductivity and irritability

A

Nervous tissue

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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