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Dental Boards Review > Meninges-Somatic Nervous System > Flashcards

Meninges-Somatic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The outermost and thickest meninges.

A

Dura mater

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2
Q

4 infoldings of dura mater

A

Falx Cerebri
Tentorium Cerebella
Falx cerebella
Diaphragm sella

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3
Q

the largest infoldings and separates cerebral hemisphere

A

Falx Cerebri

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4
Q

Infoldings that separates Cerebellum and Occipital bone

A

Tentorium Cerebella

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5
Q

It contains DURAL venous sinuses

A

Tentorium Cerebella

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6
Q

What are the 3 dural venous sinuses?

A

Straight sinus
Transverse sinus
Superior petrosal sinus

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7
Q

Infoldings that separates the Cerebellum and hemispheres

A

falx cerebella

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8
Q

It covers the pituitary gland

A

Diaphragm sella

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9
Q

BQ. Are right and left hemisphere symmetrical or asymmetrical?

A

Asymmetrical

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10
Q

What hemisphere focuses more on art and music and which person is more creative?

A

Right hemisphere

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11
Q

What hemisphere focuses more on science and math, good in reasoning and writing?

A

Left hemisphere

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12
Q

Also known as the masters gland of endocrine system

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

Pituitary gland is connected to what part of the brain?

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Endocrine center if the brain

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Pituitary gland is derived from what brain vesicle?

A

Diencephalon

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16
Q

Meninge that protects the Subarachnoid space

A

Arachnoid space

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17
Q

Meninge that is closes to the brain

A

Pia mater

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18
Q

What controls other endocrine gland?

A

Pituitary gland

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19
Q

BQ. Main nutrients of the brain

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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20
Q

BQ. In between what Mininges the Subarachnoid space is found?

A

Arachnoid and Pia Matter

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21
Q

Production site of CSF

A

Choroid plexus of the ventricles of brain

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22
Q

What cell produces CSF?

A

Epindymal cells

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23
Q

Location of CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

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24
Q

What is the pathway of CSF?

A

Lateral ventricle >Foramen Monroe > Third ventricle > Aqueduct of SYLVIUS> Fourth ventricle > Foramen LUSCHKA (lateral) >Foramen Magendie (medial)

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25
Q

What procedure that aspirates the CSF?

A

Spinal tap

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26
Q

In doing spinal tap, tip of needle should be at what meninge?

A

Subarachnoid space

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27
Q

Is the functional unit of Nervous system

A

Neurons

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28
Q

Ventricle is for what?

A

production site

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29
Q

Amount of neurons in the body

A

86B-100 billion

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30
Q

The least cell that regenerates / incapable of mitosis

A

Neurons

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31
Q

Part of neurons that receives the information from the other neuron.

A

Dendrites

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32
Q

Part of neuron that contains the nucleus

A

Body

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33
Q

Other name for BODY

A

Soma

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34
Q

These are the ribosomal representation of the neurons

A

NISSL Bodies

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35
Q

Function of NISSL bodies

A

Protein synthesis

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36
Q

Part of neurons that carries the information AWAY from the body

A

Axon

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37
Q

Part of Axon that controls the firing of neurons

A

Axon hillocks

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38
Q

Fatty substance around the Axon for good conduction

A

MYELIN SHEATH

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39
Q

These are the gap of myelin Sheath.

A

Nodes of ranvier

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40
Q

The HAIR LIKE end part of the Axon

A

Axon terminal

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41
Q

Jumping of how many nodes of ranvier is made for fast conduction

A

2-3 nodes

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42
Q

Space between neurons

A

Synapse

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43
Q

Protein found in the synapse

A

Neurotransmitters

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44
Q

Most common neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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45
Q

Types of nerve fibers base on the diameter of the Axon

A

Group A
Group B
Group C

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46
Q

Largest nerve fibers which is also a myelinated nerve that have the fastest conduction

A

Group A (large)

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47
Q

Nerve fiber for somatic motor

A

Group A- alpha

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48
Q

Nerve fiber for touch and pressure

A

GroupA Beta

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49
Q

Nerve fiber for SHARP PAIN, cold and touch

A

Group A- Delta

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50
Q

Nerve fiber for muscle spindle apparatus

A

Group A Gamma

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51
Q

NERVE FIBER present during Electric pulp test

A

Group A Delta

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52
Q

Nerve fiber most commonly found in Pre-Ganglionic Autonomic nervous system

A

Group B

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53
Q

Nerve fiber that is UNMYELINATED for slow pain and temperature sensation

A

Group C (small)

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54
Q

Most numerous nerve fibers

A

Group C (small)

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55
Q

Nerve fiber that is affected FIRST by anesthesia

A

Group C

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56
Q

Nerve fiber that is AFFECTED LAST by anesthesia

A

Group A

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57
Q

Is the conduction of nerve impulse in MYELINATED

A

Saltatory conduction

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58
Q

m/sec of saltatory conduction

A

120m/sec

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59
Q

Is the conduction of nerve impulse in UNMYELINATED

A

Continuous conduction

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60
Q

m/sec of continuous conduction

A

1.2m/sec

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61
Q

Nerve fibers present in the pulp

A

A-Delta and C-fiber

62
Q

the support cells in nervous system and had the ability to regenerate

A

Neuroglia

63
Q

amount of neuroglia in the body

A

84 billion

64
Q

Neuroglia that helps to maintain

Homeostasis

A

satellite

65
Q

Neuroglia that produces CSF

A

Ependymal cells

66
Q

Neuroglia that support the blood supply of the brain

A

Astrocytes

67
Q

Produces myelin Sheath in the PNS

A

SCHWANN

68
Q

Produces myelin Sheath in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

69
Q

Is made up of 31 Paired spinal nerves

A

Spinal cord

70
Q

Spinal nerves originates from

A

medulla oblongata

71
Q

Spinal nerves passes through what foramen?

A

Foramen magnum of occipital bone

72
Q

Gray matter in spinal cord is located _____

White matter _____

A

Gray- inner

White- outer

73
Q

Motor fiber part of spinal cord

A

Anterior or ventral horn

74
Q

Sensory fiber of spinal cord

A

Dorsal/ Posterior horn

75
Q

Spinal tracts of Spinal cord

A 
Lateral spinothalamic
Anterior spinothalamic
Tectospinal
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
76
Q

Spinal tract for pain and temperature

A

Lateral spinothalamic

77
Q

Spinal tract for touch and pressure

A

Anterior spinothalamic

78
Q

Spinal tract for movement of the head

A

Tectospinal

79
Q

spinal tract for equilibrium

A

Vestibulospinal

80
Q

Spinal tract for muscle tone and sweat glands

A

Reticulospinal

81
Q

What part of brain responsible for balance?

A

Cerebellum

82
Q

Vertebrae contains ____typical, _____ Atypical

A

31 typical

2 atypical

83
Q

A fibrocartilage found between the two vertebrae

A

Intervertebral disc

84
Q

The articulating part of the vertebrae

A

Spinous process

85
Q

The lateral projections for attachment of muscle and articulation of ribs

A

Transverse process

86
Q

Transverse process is more prominent in what vertebrae?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

87
Q

Passageway of Spinal nerves

A

Vertebral foramen

88
Q

Vertebrae that supports the head

A

Cervical Vertebrae

89
Q

Atlas connects to the occipital bone via?

A

Ligament Nuchae

90
Q

Ligamentum nuchae runs from?

A

C1-C6

91
Q

It contains Dens or Odontoid process “tooth-like” process

A

Axis

92
Q

Vertebral artery enters C6 via what foramen?

A

Transverse foramen

93
Q

Transverse foramen is present only in

A

C1 to C6

94
Q

The most prominent in all vertebrae

A

C7

95
Q

Vertebrae for the protection of heart and lungs

A

Thoracic vertebrae

96
Q

Heart shaped vertebrae

A

Thoracic

97
Q

vertebrae with no spinous process

A

C1

98
Q

vertebrae with no intervertebral disc

A

C1 and C2

99
Q

Vertebrae responsible for bearing the weight of the body

A

Lumbar

100
Q

kidney shaped vertebrae

A

Lumbar

101
Q

what vertebrae termination of spinal nerves occur

A

L2

102
Q

Vertebrae where cauda equina arises

A

L3

103
Q

Site for Spinal tap procedure

A

L4-L5

104
Q

Bones that protects the spinal cord

A

Vertebrae

105
Q

They are the movable vertebrae

A

C1 to L5

106
Q

Reason why atlas and axis are very movable

A

absence of intervertebral disc

107
Q

Fused 5 bones for forming the HIP joint

A

Sacrum

108
Q

Fused 4 bones

A

Coccyx

109
Q

What is C-1 fracture?

A

Jefferson’s fracture

110
Q

What is C-2 fracture?

A

Hangman fracture

111
Q

What is Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

for nodding, saying yes, or for Vertical motion

112
Q

What is Atlanto-axial joint?

A

for saying No or horizontal motion

113
Q

Vertebrae that are Concave

A

Cervical and Lumbar

114
Q

Vertebrae that are Convex

A

Thoracic and Sacrum

115
Q

structure present in AXIS that is responsible for saying NO

A

Dens

116
Q

Abnormal lateral (side to side) curve of the spine

A

Scoliosis

117
Q

Abnormal front to back curve of the spine

A

Kyphosis

118
Q

Vertebrae affected by Kyphosis

A

Thoracic

119
Q

other term for kyphosis

A

Hunchback

120
Q

Abnormal curve with no regular pattern

A

Lordosis

121
Q

Vertebrae affected by Lordosis

A

Lumbar

122
Q

other terms for Lordosis

A

Swayback, kyphoscoliosis

123
Q

Between what vertebrae SLIPPED DISC commonly occurs

A

LumboSacral

124
Q

Appliance for scoliosis

A

Milwaukee brace

125
Q

inflammation of bone

A

Ankylosis

126
Q

Inflammation of spine

A

Spondylitis

127
Q

Disease that mainly affects the spine

A

Marie-Strumpell disease

128
Q

other name for Marie - strumpell disease

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

129
Q

BQ. Marie-Strumpell disease affects what bone?

A

Spine

130
Q

System that is associated with the voluntary control of the body via skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Nervous System

131
Q

Last foramen where vertebral artery passes through

A

Foramen magnum

132
Q

Reflexes involving Cranial nerves

A 
Pupillary Light Reflex
Accomodation
Jaw-jerk reflex
Corneal reflex
Glabellar reflex
Gag reflex
133
Q

cranial nerve responsible for Gag reflex

A

sensory - IX and motor - X

134
Q

Cranial nerve responsible for Pupillary Light Reflex

A

S-II

M-III

135
Q

Cranial nerve responsible for Jaw - Jerk reflex

A

S- V

M- V

136
Q

Cranial nerves responsible for Corneal reflex

A

S- V1

M- VII

137
Q

Cranial nerves responsible for Glabellar reflex

A

S- V

M- VII

138
Q

C-1 is in level with what structure?

A

hard palate

139
Q

C-2 is in level with what structures

A

Occluded Mx and Mn teeth

140
Q

C3 is in level with what structure?

A

mandible or Hyoid bone

141
Q

level of what vertebra, the carotid artery bifurcates

A

C4

142
Q

vertebra in level with Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple)

A

C5

143
Q

Level of what vertebra the esophagus starts

A

C6

144
Q

Most inferior portion of trachea

A

Carina

145
Q

Carina and sternal angle are in level of what vertebra

A

T4

146
Q

Diaphragm is for inspiration or expiration?

A

inspiration

147
Q

T8 is on level of what opening in the diaphragm

A

Caval opening

148
Q

structure that passes to the caval opening

A

Inferior vena cava

149
Q

T10 is in level of what opening of the diaphragm?

A

Esophageal

150
Q

T 12 is in level of what opening in the diaphragm

A

Aortic opening

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