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Dental Boards Review > Muscular Sytem > Flashcards

Muscular Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

It is the functional unit of a muscle

A

muscle Fiber

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2
Q

Contractions of muscles depends on

A

Myofilaments

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3
Q

T/F: All types of muscles have unlimited capacity of regeneration.

A

False - Limited

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4
Q

functions of muscular system

A

Movement
Maintenance of posture
Stabilize the joint
Generation of heat

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5
Q

Least function of muscular sytem

A

Generation of heat

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6
Q

Types of Muscles

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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7
Q

How many skeletal muscles in the human body?

A

650 skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Muscle that has the fastest muscle contraction activity.

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle characteristics

A

Voluntary
Striated
Incapable of mitosis

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10
Q

What does striations in the muscle means?

A

Arrangement of myofilaments in the microscope.

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11
Q

Types of Skeletal fibers

A

Fast (white) fiber

Slow (Red) fiber

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12
Q

Large muscle fiber that relies on GLYCOGEN to become ATP

A

Fast Fiber (white)

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13
Q

Small muscle fiber that relies on MYOGLOBIN

A

Slow fiber (red)

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14
Q

White fibers has _____ blood supply

Red fibers has _____ blood supply

A

less

more

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15
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

protein that caries oxygen to muscles

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16
Q

What is oxidatove phosphorylation?

A

Mitochondria uses oxygen to produce ATP

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17
Q

What cell organelle responsible for ATP production?

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

It is the contractual unit of skeletal muscle.

A

Sarcomere

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19
Q

Where can you find sarcomere?

A

Myofilament

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20
Q

What are the two myofilaments?

A

Action and Myosin

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21
Q

What structure in the sarcomere that attached the myosin to Z-line?

A

Titin

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22
Q

What is needed in order for the myosin head to contract ?

A

ATP to ADP

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23
Q

ATP formula upon reaching in the myosin head for it to be used in contraction

A

ADP + Phosphate

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24
Q

What is needed in order for Acton to contact?

A

Calcium

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25
Q

Responsible for bridging effect

A

Myosin

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26
Q

Where does calcium comes from ?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

What structure does calcium binds in order for the ACTIN in SKELETAL and CARDIAC muscles to contact?

A

TROPONIN C

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28
Q

What structure does calcium binds in order for the ACTIN in SMOOTH muscles to contact?

A

Calmodulin

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29
Q

I BAND contains what filaments?

A

Thin filaments

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30
Q

A-band contains what filaments?

A

Thick and thin

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31
Q

H band contains what filaments?

A

Thick

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32
Q

Line located in the middle of sarcomere

A

M-line

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33
Q

The MINIATURE END PLATE POTENTIALS is for?

A

The release of subthreshold amount of acetylcholine

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34
Q

What are the two colours of the skeletal muscles?

A

Red and White

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35
Q

What is the longest muscle?

A

Sartorius (thigh muscle)

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36
Q

What is the largest muscle?

A

Gluteus maximus

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37
Q

What is the shortest muscle?

A

Stapedius

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38
Q

What is the smallest muscle?

A

Arrector pili muscle

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39
Q

This muscle is mainly found in the visceral organs

A

Smooth muscle

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40
Q

True or false. Sorry muscle has the longest muscle contraction activity.

A

True

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41
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscles?

A

Involuntary,
Non Striated and
capable of mitosis

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42
Q

Visceral organs refers to?

A

Internal organs

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43
Q

True or false. In non Striated muscle,cells are located in the center.

A

Falls - cells at periphery

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44
Q

In cardiac musles, its nucleus is located

centrally or peripherally?

A

Central

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45
Q

Characteristics of Cardiac musles

A

Involuntary, Striated, Incapable of mitosis

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46
Q

These are the areas of communication of cardiac cells

A

Gap junctions

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47
Q

This allows electric current to travel through cardiac cells

A

Intercalated discs

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48
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Internal pterygoid
Masseter
External pterygoid

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49
Q

Fan shaped muscle of mastication with 3 fibres

A

Temporalis

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50
Q

Part of Temporalis muscle responsible for elevation of mandible

A

Anterior and Middle

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51
Q

Part of Temporalis muscle responsible for retraction

A

Posterior

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52
Q

Main fiber in temporalis muscle

A

Posterior fiber

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53
Q

Main action is Temporalis muscle

A

Retraction

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54
Q

Temporalis muscle
origin ______
Insertion _____

A

Floor of temporal fossa

Coronoid processes

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55
Q

The only muscle that insets to the Coronoid process

A

Temporalis muscle

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56
Q

True or false. Temporalis muscle contract bilaterally to retract mandible

A

True

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57
Q

How many mm to consider Normal retraction of Maldini

A

1mm

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58
Q

Main muscle is mastication that elevates the mandible

A

Internal pterygoid muscle

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59
Q

Actions of Medial pterygoid

A

Elevation and protrusion of mandible

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60
Q

2 muscles of mastication that work together in protruding the mandible

A

Internal and External pterygoid

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61
Q

Medial Pterygoid muscle
origin____
insertion____

A

O:Medial surface of the lateral plate of sphenoid bone

I:Medial aspect of Ramus of the Mandible

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62
Q

Muscle commonly affected by trismus

A

Medial pterygoid

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63
Q

what is trismus?

A

Muscle spasm (muscle that is not fully contracted)

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64
Q

What is the sign of trismus?

A

Difficulty in opening the mouth

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65
Q

What causes trismus?

A

Multiple insertion of needle during IAN block

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66
Q

Strongest muscle

A

Masseter

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67
Q

Other name for masseter muscle

A

Quadrilateral

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68
Q

Why masseter is considered the strongest?

A

Multipennate muscle (multiple tendon attachments)

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69
Q

Actions masseter muscle?

A

Clenching and Elevation of Mandible

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70
Q

Main action masseter muscle

A

Clenching

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71
Q

Origin and Insertion of Masseter muscle

A

Origin: Zygoomatic process
Insertion:Lateral aspect of the Ramus of mandible

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72
Q

Muscles that forms the SLING muscle of mandible?

A

Medial pterygoid and Masseter

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73
Q

Other name for External pterygoid muscle

A

Lateral pterygoid

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74
Q

Actions of External pterygoid

A

Depressing the mandible
protrusion
lateral excursion

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75
Q

Other term for lateral excursion

A

Bennett movement

76
Q

Main action of external pterygoid muscle

A

Depressing the mandible

77
Q

Origin and Insertion of Lateral pterygoid

A

Origin: LATERAL surface of the LATERAL PLATE of sphenoid bone

Insertion: Meniscus and neck of the condyle

78
Q

Mandibular fossa is found on what bone?

A

Temporal bone

79
Q

Muscle that inserts to the TMJ?

A

External pterygoid muscle

80
Q

What are the muscles that elevates the mandible?

A

Temporalis
Internal pterygoid
Masseter

81
Q

What are the muscles that depresses the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Geniohyoid

82
Q

The main muscle that depresses the mandible

A

Anterior belly of digastric muscle

83
Q

The main muscle of mastication that depresses the mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

84
Q

The strongest muscle of mastication

A

MASSETER

85
Q

The prime mover of the mandible

A

LATERAL PTERYGOID

86
Q

The subsidiary muscle of mandible

A

BUCCINATOR

87
Q

This is the HANGING BONE

A

Hyoid bone

88
Q

What are the two divisions of muscles in hyoid bone?

A

SUPRAHYOID

INFRAHYOID

89
Q

Main function of SUPRAHYOID muscles

A

Depress the mandible

90
Q

What are the muscles in SURHYOID and innervations

A 
Geniohyoid - XII
Stylohyoid - VII
Mylohyoid - V3
Digastric- Anterior (mylohyoid nerve V3) 
and posterior (digastric branch VII)
91
Q

Also known as STRAP muscle

A

INFRAHYOID muscle

92
Q

Functions of INfrahyoid muscles

A

Depress the hyoid and elevate the larynx

93
Q

What are the muscles in INFRAHYOID and innervated by?

A

innervated by: ANSA CERVICALIS (C1-C3) except thyrohyoid

Thyrohyoid (1st cervical via Hypoglossal)
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

94
Q

Which of the following cranial bone the suprahyoid originates?

A

Temporal

95
Q

Main muscle that depresses the mandible

A. muscle of mastication
B. suprahyoid

A

A. suprahyoid

Ant. digastric belongs to SUPRAHYOID

96
Q

Suprahyoid is innervated by?

A

V3, VII and XII

97
Q

Muscles that forms the FLOOR of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid and Geniohyoid

98
Q

What are the muscles of Soft palate?

A 
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Levator veli palitini
Tensor veli palatini
Uvula
99
Q

Muscle of the soft palate that elevates the tongue? innervated by?

A

Palatoglossus - Vagus nerve

100
Q

Muscle of soft palate that depresses the velum? innervated by?

A

Palatopharyngeus - X

101
Q

Muscle that shortens the velum? innervated by?

A

Uvula- X

102
Q

Other name for Uvula

A

Muscularis uvula

103
Q

Muscle that forms the Passavant’s ridge (bar)

A

Palatopharyngeus

104
Q

Function of Passavant’s ridge

A

Shuts the nasal cavity or nasopharynx during deglution

105
Q

What muscle forms the tonsillar crypts
Anteriorly?
Posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly- Palatoglossus

Posteriorly- Palatopharyngeus

106
Q

What muscles prevent the food from going into the nasopharynx?

A

Levator and Tensor veli palitini

107
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Constrictor pharyngeal
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

108
Q

muscle that forms the pterygomandibular raphe, medially

A

Superior constrictor pharyngeal muscle

109
Q

Forms the pterygomandibular raphe, laterally

A

Buccinator

110
Q

A triangular tissue found in the mandible

A

Pterygomandibluar raphe

111
Q

Muscle of pharynx that is attached to hyoid bone

A

Middle constrictor pharyngeal muscle

112
Q

Pharyngeal muscle connected to CRICOPHARYNGEUS muscle

A

Inferior constrictor pharyngeal muscle

113
Q

What is Cricopharyngeus muscle for?

A

Shuts the esppohagus during inhalation

114
Q

Muscle that elevates the larynx and pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus - IX

115
Q

Opens the auditory tube

A

Salpingopharyngeus

116
Q

The only muscle of the pharynx not included in swallowing

A

Salpingopharyngeus

117
Q

Which muscle is not innervated by X

A

Stylopharyngeus

118
Q

What are the muscles of the Larynx?

A 
CRICOTHYROID
THYROARYTENOID
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID
TRANSVERSE and OBLIQUE ARYTENOIDS
119
Q

Function of Larynx

A

for PHONATION

120
Q

Larynx is also known as

A

Voicebox - produces sound

121
Q

Laryngeal muscle that tenses the vocal cords for forceful voice

A

Cricoarytenoid

122
Q

Laryngeal muscle that relaxes the vocal cords for softer voice (whispper)

A

Thyroarytenoid

123
Q

Sole ABDUCTOR of the musclesof larynx

A

Post. cricoarytenoid

124
Q

Sole ADDUCTOR of the muscles of larynx

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

125
Q

Laryngeal muscle that narrows the laryngeal inlet

A

Transverse and Oblique Arytenoids

126
Q

What are the mechanism of speech?

A

Breathing
Phonation
Resonation
Articulation

127
Q

Takes place when voice is produced in speaking of as the expiratory air stream from the lungs goes up through the trachea to the larynx

A

Phonation

128
Q

It is the process of voice amplification and modification

A

Resonation

129
Q

It is the process of pronouncing the sound clearly

A

Articulation

130
Q

It is the only muscle of the larynx innervated by Superior laryngeal nerve of X

A

Cricothyroid

131
Q

Muscles of the Larynx except cricothyroid are innervated by what nerve?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve of X

132
Q

This nerve wraps around the LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

133
Q

This nerve wraps around the RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

A

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

134
Q

What are the UNPAIRED catilages of the LARYNX?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

135
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

136
Q

It is the opening of trachea for emergency situation to open the airways.

A

Tracheostomy

137
Q

The leaf like cartilage.

A

Epiglottis

138
Q

Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid

139
Q

Esophagus is ___ to trachea.

A. anterior
B. posterior

A

Posterior

140
Q

Cartilage most commonly pierced in muscular triangle

A

Cricothyroid cartilage

141
Q

Kind of voice present in laryngospams

A

Stridor voice

142
Q

Drug for laryngospams

A

Succinylcholine (muscle relaxant) - IV injection

143
Q

Cricoid cartilage is also known as

A

Signet ring Cartilage

144
Q

What are the principal muscles for INSPIRATION?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostalis

145
Q

What is the main muscle for inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

146
Q

What are the accessory muscle for inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalene
Pectoralis Minor

147
Q

Principal muscles for inspiration are used only when?

A

normal breathing

148
Q

Accessory muscles for inspiration are used during?

A

Heavy breathing

149
Q

What are the muscles for EXPIRATION?

A

Internal intercostalis

Abdominal muscles

150
Q

Whatare the abdminal muscles used during expiration?

A

Rectus abdominis muscle
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis

151
Q

Yes or No. Are there muscles involve during normal expiration?

A

No

152
Q

Belt-like or strap like muscle

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

153
Q

Muscles responisble for moving the arm

A

Rotator cuff muscles

154
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A 
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
155
Q

Prime mover of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Infraspinatus

156
Q

Rotator cuff muscle that initiates ABDUCTION for 15degrees. Also, this muscle is innervated by?

A

Supraspinatus- Suprascapular nerve

157
Q

Rotator cuff muscle that is the main muscle for ABDUCTION about 120-150 degrees. Also, this muscle is innervated by?

A

Deltoid - Axillary nerve

158
Q

Rotator cuff muscle that initiates ADDUCTION.Also, this muscle is innervated by?

A

Infraspinatus- Suprascapular nerve

159
Q

Rotator cuff muscle that rotates the arm LATERALLY. Innervated by?

A

Teres minor-Axillary nerve

160
Q

Rotator cuff muscle that rotates the arm MEDIALLY.

A

Subscapularis- Subscapular nerve

161
Q

What are the FLEXOR muscles of the forearm?

A

Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii

162
Q

Main flexor muscle of the forearm

A

Biceps brachii

163
Q

Extensor muscles of the forearm

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

164
Q

The principal extensor of the forearm is?

A

Triceps brachii

165
Q

What are the compartments present in the thigh?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Medial

166
Q

Other name for the Anterior compartment in the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris

167
Q

Musles in the Quadriceps femoris.

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis

168
Q

What nerve innervates the Anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

169
Q

Other name for the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Hamstring muscle

170
Q

What are the Hamstrings muscles?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

171
Q

Other name for the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductors

172
Q

What are the ADDUCTORS in the thigh?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus

173
Q

Nerve that supply or passes through the Hamstring muscles?

A

Sciatic nerve

174
Q

Longest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

175
Q

What compartment not present in the thigh?

A

LATERAL COMPARTMENT

176
Q

What compartment occupies the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Anterior compartment

177
Q

Compartment that is the location for IM injections

A

Quadriceps femoris

178
Q

Anterior compartment muscle most common involve in IM injections?

A

Vastus Lateralis

179
Q

What muscle runs in ANTERIOR compartment?

A

Sartorius muscle

180
Q

Main nerve that innervates the lower extremities.

A

Sciatic nerve

181
Q

Boundaries of FEMORAL triangle

A

Lateral - sartorius
Superior - Inguinal ligament
Medial - Adductor longus
Floor- Pectinues muscle

182
Q

What structures present in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, Artery and Vein

183
Q

What is Swimmer’s muscle?

A

Latissimus dorsi - Thoracolumbar nerve

184
Q

What is Boxer’s muscle?

A

Serratus anterior

185
Q

Tailor’s muscle?

A

Sarotius muscle

186
Q

Trumpeter’s muscle?

A

Buccinator muscle

187
Q

Common site for IM injection in children?

A

Vastus lateralis

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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