Fetal circulation Flashcards
In fetal circulation, all blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated?
OXYGENATED
Pathway of fetal circulation.
Umbilical vein > Liver> Ductus venosus > Inferior vena cava > Right atrium > Foramen ovale > Left atrium > Left ventricle > AORTA
from Right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery> ductus arteriosus > AORTA
What are the 3 shunts during fetal days?
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Remnants of Umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres
Remnants of ductus venosus
Ligmaentum venosus
Remnants of Foramen Ovale
Fossa ovalis
Remnants of ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum arteriosus
Ligamentum teres is found in what organ?
Liver
Foramen ovale in the heart is found?
Interatria/ Between R. atrium and Left atrium
Specifically R. atrium
Connection of pulmonary artery to aorta
Ductus arteriosus
Flow of blood to ductus arteriosus
From umbilical vein to Inferior vena cava
Remnant of umbilical cord can be seen?
Navel
It is caused by the movement of IONS between the inside and outside of the membrane.
Electric impulse
Other term for electric impulse
Action potentials
2 basic ions for Action potential
Sodium and potassium
Depolarization due to increase Na+ and Decreased K+, is what phaseof action potential?
PHASE 0
What happens in Phase 1 of action potential?
Partial repolarization due to decreased Na+ ion.
Phase where in Ca+ ion Increases, prolonging the depolarization
Phase 2
Phase 3 in action potential
Repolarization, Na+ and Ca+ are all close (300mS)
Phase where in Resting membrane potential occurs due to exchange of Na+ - K+ pump
Phase 4
Strongest ion which creates the longest action potential
Calcium
Node located on the superior wall of RIGHT atrium.
Sino-atrial node (SA)
radiation present in SA node
electromagnetic radiation
Natural pacemaker of the heart
SA node
Function of SA node
For ATRIAL contraction
This reflex produces an increased heart rate due to stretching of the right atrium.
BAINBRIDGE REFLEX
Muscle in Right atrium that helps in muscle contraction.
Pectinate
Node located between ATRIA and VENTRICLES
Atrioventricular node (AV)
Function of AV node
For Ventricular contraction
Nodes located at the apex of the heart.
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje fibers
These fibers carry the FASTEST electric impulse
Purkinje fibers
Machine that illustrates the normal rhythm of the heart.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
What wave represents ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION?
P-wave
What wave represents VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION?
QRS- complex
What wave represents VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION?
T-wave
This interval represents the time from initial depolarization of the atria to ventricles.
PR Interval
Interval represents the time from which the ventricles depolarize and repolarize.
QT interval
Segment that represents the current flow of VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION
ST segment
This wave is often absent.
Q-wave
Wave that is the first POSITIVE DEFLECTION.
R-wave
Wave that is a NEGATIVE DEFLECTION.
S-wave
Longer QT interval means?
Longer depolarization
Disease that shows longer QT interval
Torsades d’points
What device is used to measure the blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
What device is used to hear the sound?
Stethoscope
These are the blood flow sound while taking the blood pressure.
Korotkoff sounds
Location of korotkoff sounds
Antecubital fossa
Normal blood pressure
<120/<80
Pre-hypertension
120-130/80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension
> 160/>100
The highest blood pressure is during?
Morning
The lowest blood pressure is during?
Evening
Common cause of error in taking the blood pressure is?
Too big and Small cuffs
Artery used for taking blood pressure.
Brachial artery
