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Dental Boards Review > Fetal circulation > Flashcards

Fetal circulation Flashcards

1
Q

In fetal circulation, all blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

OXYGENATED

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2
Q

Pathway of fetal circulation.

A

Umbilical vein > Liver> Ductus venosus > Inferior vena cava > Right atrium > Foramen ovale > Left atrium > Left ventricle > AORTA

from Right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery> ductus arteriosus > AORTA

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3
Q

What are the 3 shunts during fetal days?

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

Remnants of Umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres

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5
Q

Remnants of ductus venosus

A

Ligmaentum venosus

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6
Q

Remnants of Foramen Ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

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7
Q

Remnants of ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

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8
Q

Ligamentum teres is found in what organ?

A

Liver

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9
Q

Foramen ovale in the heart is found?

A

Interatria/ Between R. atrium and Left atrium

Specifically R. atrium

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10
Q

Connection of pulmonary artery to aorta

A

Ductus arteriosus

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11
Q

Flow of blood to ductus arteriosus

A

From umbilical vein to Inferior vena cava

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12
Q

Remnant of umbilical cord can be seen?

A

Navel

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13
Q

It is caused by the movement of IONS between the inside and outside of the membrane.

A

Electric impulse

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14
Q

Other term for electric impulse

A

Action potentials

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15
Q

2 basic ions for Action potential

A

Sodium and potassium

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16
Q

Depolarization due to increase Na+ and Decreased K+, is what phaseof action potential?

A

PHASE 0

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17
Q

What happens in Phase 1 of action potential?

A

Partial repolarization due to decreased Na+ ion.

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18
Q

Phase where in Ca+ ion Increases, prolonging the depolarization

A

Phase 2

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19
Q

Phase 3 in action potential

A

Repolarization, Na+ and Ca+ are all close (300mS)

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20
Q

Phase where in Resting membrane potential occurs due to exchange of Na+ - K+ pump

A

Phase 4

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21
Q

Strongest ion which creates the longest action potential

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Node located on the superior wall of RIGHT atrium.

A

Sino-atrial node (SA)

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23
Q

radiation present in SA node

A

electromagnetic radiation

24
Q

Natural pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

25
Q

Function of SA node

A

For ATRIAL contraction

26
Q

This reflex produces an increased heart rate due to stretching of the right atrium.

A

BAINBRIDGE REFLEX

27
Q

Muscle in Right atrium that helps in muscle contraction.

A

Pectinate

28
Q

Node located between ATRIA and VENTRICLES

A

Atrioventricular node (AV)

29
Q

Function of AV node

A

For Ventricular contraction

30
Q

Nodes located at the apex of the heart.

A

Bundle of HIS

Purkinje fibers

31
Q

These fibers carry the FASTEST electric impulse

A

Purkinje fibers

32
Q

Machine that illustrates the normal rhythm of the heart.

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

33
Q

What wave represents ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION?

A

P-wave

34
Q

What wave represents VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION?

A

QRS- complex

35
Q

What wave represents VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION?

A

T-wave

36
Q

This interval represents the time from initial depolarization of the atria to ventricles.

A

PR Interval

37
Q

Interval represents the time from which the ventricles depolarize and repolarize.

A

QT interval

38
Q

Segment that represents the current flow of VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION

A

ST segment

39
Q

This wave is often absent.

A

Q-wave

40
Q

Wave that is the first POSITIVE DEFLECTION.

A

R-wave

41
Q

Wave that is a NEGATIVE DEFLECTION.

A

S-wave

42
Q

Longer QT interval means?

A

Longer depolarization

43
Q

Disease that shows longer QT interval

A

Torsades d’points

44
Q

What device is used to measure the blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

45
Q

What device is used to hear the sound?

A

Stethoscope

46
Q

These are the blood flow sound while taking the blood pressure.

A

Korotkoff sounds

47
Q

Location of korotkoff sounds

A

Antecubital fossa

48
Q

Normal blood pressure

A

<120/<80

49
Q

Pre-hypertension

A

120-130/80-89

50
Q

Stage 1 Hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

51
Q

Stage 2 Hypertension

A

> 160/>100

52
Q

The highest blood pressure is during?

A

Morning

53
Q

The lowest blood pressure is during?

A

Evening

54
Q

Common cause of error in taking the blood pressure is?

A

Too big and Small cuffs

55
Q

Artery used for taking blood pressure.

A

Brachial artery

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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