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Dental Boards Review > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

A prokaryotic microorganisms that contains DNA only

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Type of staining method to check presence of DNA

A

Positive feulgen reaction

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3
Q

Site of protein in synthesis in bacteria.

A

Polyribosome

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4
Q

Act as mitochondria in bacteria.

A

Mesosome

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5
Q

It is the site of oxidative phsophorylation

A

Cell membrane surface

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6
Q

Functions as an osmotic permeability barrier which is Aqueous and Hydrophilic

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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7
Q

It is the stage when they are metabolically active but not reproducing.

A

Lag phase

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8
Q

Stage when there is cell division

A

Log or exponential phase

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9
Q

Log phase lasts for?

A

3-24 hours

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10
Q

Phase of which it is the target of most antibiotics

A

Log phase

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11
Q

Phase when they reached a steady state

A

Stationary phas

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12
Q

Bacteria’s source of energy

A

Oxygen

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13
Q

What is a spore?

A

Part of cell wall to survive extreme heat

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14
Q

Bacteria needed for the quality of dry and moist heat

A

Spore-forming bacteria

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15
Q

Phase when bacteria dies due to nutrient depletion

A

Death phase

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16
Q

Bacterias are (heterotrophs, autotrophs)

A

Autotrophs

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17
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organisms that produces their own nutrient by oxidation of substances

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18
Q

After oxygen is used by bacteria, what is used next for their energy??

A

CO2 through fermentation

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19
Q

Uptake of DNA from outside of the cell wall

A

Transformation

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20
Q

Delivering bacterial DNA to the next hose to produce lysogen.

A

Transduction

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21
Q

Process by which plasmid is transferred from an F plus to F minus

A

Conjugation

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22
Q

What is a Plasmid?

A

Gene of bacteria where DNA is found

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23
Q

What is a lysogen?

A

One that receives DNA

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24
Q

The most distinguishing characteristics of bacterial genes include?

A

Self-duplication

Mutability

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25
Q

Bacteria that lives at 45-122 degree celsius

A

Thermophile

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26
Q

Bacteria that live at 25-45 degree celsius

A

Mesophile

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27
Q

Bacteria that live at 15-20 degree celsius

A

Psychrophile or cryophile

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28
Q

Classification of bacteria based on temperature

A

Thermophile
Mesophile
Psychrophile

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29
Q

Microbial growth may be estimated quantitatively by determining?

A

Cell nitrogen
Cell dry weight
Culture turbidity
Culture oxygen consumption

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30
Q

Microorganisms that carry out oxidative phosphorylation to obtain energy.

A

Obligate aerobes

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31
Q

Enzymes for obligate aerobes

A

Catalase
Peroxidase
Superoxide dismutase

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32
Q

Microorganisms that are mainly aerobic, but they have the faculty to carry out anaerobic respiration through fermentation

A

Facultative anaerobes

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33
Q

Enzymes for facultative anaerobes

A

Catalase

Superoxide dismutase

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34
Q

Microorganisms that cannot live with Oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

35
Q

Enzyme that differentiate aerobe and anaerobes

A

Catalase

36
Q

Test used todifferentiate aerobic and anaerobic

A

Catalase test

37
Q

Bacteria sensitive to hydrogen peroxide during culturing

A

Aerobes

38
Q 
Classification of bacteria based on their shapes
Cocci--
Bacilli--
Vibrio--
Spirochete--
Actinomycetes--
A 
Cocci- spherical or oval
Bacilli- rod
Vibrio- comma
Spirochete-spiral
Actinomycetes-branching filament
39
Q

Procedudre done to differentiate microorganism based on their cell wall thickness and component

A

Staining (Gram staining and Acid-fast stain)

40
Q

Most common staining procedure

A

Gram staining

41
Q

Procedures of gram staining

A 
Fixation
Primary stain
Iodine treatment
Decolorizer
Counter stain
42
Q

Chemical used during primary stain and what is the color of the result?

A

Crystal violet - blue microbes

43
Q

Mordant used in gram staining and what is the result?

A

Iodine - violet microbes

44
Q

Decolorizer used in gram staining and what is the result?

A

Acid alcohol
gram positive- violet
gram negative- colorless

45
Q

Counter stain used in gram staining and what is the result?

A

Safranin-
Gram positive- violet
Gram- negative - pink

46
Q

Staining used for mycobacterium species

A

Acid-fast stain

47
Q

Other name for acid-fast stain

A

Ziel-nielsen method

48
Q

Primary stain used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?

A

Carbol-fuschin-red

49
Q

mordant used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?-

A

Carbol-fuschin- red

50
Q

Decolorizer used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?

A

Acid Alcohol - red

51
Q

Counter stain used in acid-fast stain and resultant color?

A

Methylene blue

52
Q

Gram Bacteria most difficult to stain

A

Gram negative

53
Q

Antibitoics that attacks both aerobic and anaerobic microbes

A

Amoxicillin

54
Q

Final color of mycobacterium in gram staining

A

Colorless

55
Q

Final color of mycobacterium in acid fast stain

A

Red

56
Q

Other name for Mycobacterium spp?

A

Acid-fast bacillus

57
Q

Importance of staining

A

Proper medication

58
Q

Gram bacteria more susceptible to dyes?

A

Gram positive

59
Q

Why gram positive more susceptible to dyes?

A

Due to magnesium ribonucleate

60
Q

Cell wall of bacteria is composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan or murein

61
Q

Peptidoglycan or murein in bacteria is made up of?

A

Polysaccharide chains of NAG-NAM

62
Q

Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their cell wall layer

A

g. positive = Single but thick

g. negative = Double but thin

63
Q

Name of space in between the double cell wall of gram negative

A

Periplasmic space

64
Q

Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their Pathogenicity

A

g. poitive= EXOtoxin (teichoic acid)

g. negative = ENDOtoxin (lipopolysaccharide)

65
Q

Differentiate gram positive and negative based on their sensitivity to heat

A

g. positive = heat labile

g. negative= heat stable

66
Q

Enzyme present in gram negative that washes the decolorizer during gram staining

A

Beta-lactamase

67
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin

Cyclosphorin

68
Q

Diagnostic drug

A

Amoxicillin

69
Q

Antibiotic used to kill gram negative and gram positive

A

CoAmoxyclav

70
Q

Combination of coamoxyclav

A

Amoxicillin and clavulanic

71
Q

Specie with no cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

72
Q

Specie that have a cell membrane made up of cholesterol

A

Mycoplasma

73
Q

Bacteria which have neither a cell wall nor a capsule

A

Protoplast

74
Q

Endotoxin will respond to what type of reaction?

A

Shwartzman reaction

75
Q

Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that prevents phagocytic activity made up of polysaccharide

A

Capsules

76
Q

Reaction when the capsule swell with the presence of antigen

A

Positive quelling reaction

77
Q

Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that will allow them to survive in an unfavorabe environment

A

Spore

78
Q

Specialized structure of a bacterial cell wall that is a hair-like structure for motility which gives bacteria survival advantage in host-parasite interaction

A

Flagella

79
Q

Flagella can be detected by?

A

Phase contrast microscope
Electon microscope
Darkfield microscope

80
Q

Single flagellum that extends from one end

A

Monotrichous

81
Q

Single flagellum on both sides

A

Amphitrichous

82
Q

Group of flagella at one or both sides

A

Lophotrichous

83
Q

Group of flagella all over the cell wall

A

Peritrichous

84
Q

It is the hair-like structure for atrachment onto the tissue surfaces and may serve as a receptor sites for bacterial viruses

A

Pili

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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