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Dental Boards Review > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

The main organ in the cardiovascular system

A

HEART

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2
Q

Heart is found in what cavity?

A

Mediastinal cavity

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3
Q

How many liters of blood is pumped by a healhty person.

A

5-6 LITERS

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4
Q

Function of the heart

A

Pump blood throughout the body via arteries

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5
Q

the outermost layer of the heart that contains FATS

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

the thickest layer of the heart that contains CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

MYOCARDIUM

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7
Q

Endocardium is lined with?

A

Simple squamous

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8
Q

Natural fats in the body is produced by?

A

LIVER

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9
Q

What kind of fat is used by the heart?

A

Triglycerides

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10
Q

Triglycerides when used by the heart becomes?

A

ketone bodies

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11
Q

Frank-starling law stated?

A

increase stretching of cardiac muscle results in forceful contraction

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12
Q

Blood flow in the heart by the UNOXYGENATED PORTION

A

Right atrium > triscuspid valve> right ventricle> pulmonary valve > pulmonary artery > lungs

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13
Q

Blood flow in the heart by the OXYGENATED PORTION

A

Pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > ascending aorta > aortic arch> descending aorta (thoracic) > abdominal aorta > median sacral artery

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14
Q

AV valve on the right side

A

Tricuspid valve

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15
Q

one of semilunar valve with 2 leaflet

A

pulmonary valve

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16
Q

simulnar valve with 3 leaflets

A

Aortic valce

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17
Q

AV valve on the left side

A

Mitral valve

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18
Q

The only artery that caries unoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery

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19
Q

What are the Semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and Aortic valve

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20
Q

What is the muscle found in the valves?

A

Papillary muscle

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21
Q

What structure refers to “heart strings”?

A

Chorda tendinae

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22
Q

What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 5th intercostal space?

A

Tricuspid valve

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23
Q

What valve can be heard at the midclavicular ine in 5th intercostal space?

A

MITRAL valve

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24
Q

What valve can be heard at the right of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space?

A

AORTIC valve

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25
Q

What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space

A

PULMONARY valve

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26
Q

Closure of tricuspid valve and mitral valve produce what sound?

A

LUB SOUND

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27
Q

Closure of aortic valve and pulmonary valve produce what sound?

A

DUB sound

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28
Q

Heart sounds (Lub and Dub) also known as

A

murmurs

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29
Q

Which murmur is louder?

A

the LUB sound

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30
Q

What is AV valve for?

A

Prevent backflow of blood

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31
Q

Largest vein the body

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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32
Q

These arteries are located at the AORTIC valve.

A

Left and Right coronary arteries

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33
Q

Left and Right coronary arteries are branch of?

A

Ascending aorta

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34
Q

It is the main supply of the heart.

A

Left and Right coronary arteries

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35
Q

Arteries most commonly affected by Heart attack.

A

Coronary arteries

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36
Q

Blood vessel begins at the level of second sternocostal joint and ends at the T4 vertebra.

A

AORTIC ARCH

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37
Q

Cell present at the Aortic arch.

A

Baroreceptors

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38
Q

Branches of Aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic > Right common carotid
>Right subclavian

Left common carotid
Left subclavian

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39
Q

Baroreceptors are located?

A

Aortic arch and Carotid Sinus

40
Q

Functions of Baroreceptors

A

It lowers the blood presure when there is increased blood pressure

41
Q

How does baroreceptor lowers the blood pressure?

A

Decreasing the arterial pressure
Decreasing venous return
Decreasing the heart rate

42
Q

Arteries that bifurcate at the level of of C-4

A

Common carotid artery

43
Q

c-4 is in level with what cartilage.

A

Cricothyroid cartilage

44
Q

Cell that responds to high blood pressure

A

Carotid Sinus (baroreceptor)

45
Q

Cell that responds to low oxygen tension.

A

Carotid body (chemoreceptors)

46
Q

What’s the function of pulse?

A

Continuation of heart beat

47
Q

Main blood supply of the brain.

A

Internal carotid artery

48
Q

What are the branches of Internal carotid artery?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries > Anterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Ophthalmic artery

49
Q

Main blood supply of the Head and Neck.

A

External carotid artery

50
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the larynx and thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid artery

51
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the base of the skull

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

52
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the floor of the mouth and tongue.

A

Lingual artery

53
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the face

A

Facial artery

54
Q

Main blood supply of the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth.

A

Maxillary artery

55
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the side of the face and scalp

A

Superficial temporal artery

56
Q

Branch of ECA that supplies the most posterior branch

A

Occipital artery

57
Q

Middle meningeal artery arises from?

A

Maxillary artery

58
Q

Maxillary artery arises from

A

Facial artery

59
Q

What are the branches of Common carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Occipital artery
60
Q

Structures passes through parotid gland.

A

External carotid artery
Facial artery
Auriculotemporal nerve
Maxillary artery

61
Q

Artery that runs vertically with Internal carotid artery.

A

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

62
Q

Artery that runs with Hypoglossal nerve

A

Lingual artery

63
Q

FACIAL artery passes what structures?

A

Posterior belly of Digastric
Stylohyoid
Submandibular

64
Q

Maxillary artery embeds in what gland?

A

Parotid gland

65
Q

True or False. There is NO mandibular artery.

A

True

66
Q

Middle meningeal artery is encircled by what nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

67
Q

Occipital artery runs with what nerve?

A

Greater Occipital nerve.

68
Q

Branches of subclavian arteries.

A 
Vertebral arteries
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular artery
69
Q

Artery that enters the transverse foramen of C-6 and enters the skull via Foramen magnum.

A

Vertebral artery

70
Q

Artery formed by the union of Vertebral arteries at pons

A

Basilar artery

71
Q

What arises from Basilar Artery.

A

Posterior cerebral arteries

72
Q

What arises from posterior cerebral artery?

A

Posterior communicating artery

73
Q

What composes the Circle of Willis.

A 
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
74
Q

What artery is not part of the circle of willis.

A

Middle cerebral artery

75
Q

Most common pathology in middle cerebral artery.

A

Stroke

76
Q

Other term for stroke

A

Cerebrovascular accident

77
Q

Most common pathology in middle meningeal artery.

A

Epidural hematoma

78
Q

What is stroke?

A

Sudden paralysis half off the body

79
Q

Most common pathology in Anterior communication artery.

A

Berry aneurism

80
Q

Berry aneurism occurs in?

A

Circle of Willis

81
Q

Most common pathology in Coronary arteries.

A

Myocardial infarction

82
Q

Other term for Myocardial infarction.

A

Heart attack

83
Q

What is hematoma?

A

Bloodclot due to trauma

84
Q

What is aneurysm?

A

Rupture of blood vessel.

85
Q

Branches of DESCENDING aorta

A 
Bronchial artery
Mediastinal artery
Esophageal artery
Pericardial artery
Superior phrenic artery
Intercostal and subcostal arteries
86
Q

Location of Descending aorta

A

T4-T12

87
Q

Branches of ABDOMINAL aorta

A 
Inferior phrenic artery
Celiac artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Middle suprarenal arteries
Rena arteries
Gonadal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
Median sacral artery
Lumbar arteries
88
Q

Celiac artery supplies what organs?

A 
Liver
stomach
spleen
duodenum
pancreas
89
Q

Superior mesenteric artery supplies?

A

Duodenum
Jujuno-ileum
colon (ASC and Trans)

90
Q

Middle suprarenal arteries supplies?

A

adrenal glands

91
Q

Renal arteries supplies?

A

kidneys

92
Q

Gonadal arteries supplies?

A

Testicles and ovaries

93
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies

A

Descending colon and rectum

94
Q

Median sacral artery supplies?

A

coccyx
lumbar
sacrum

95
Q

Lumbar arteries supplies?

A

Abdominal walls

spinal cord

Dental Boards Review (34 decks)

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