Cardiovascular system Flashcards
The main organ in the cardiovascular system
HEART
Heart is found in what cavity?
Mediastinal cavity
How many liters of blood is pumped by a healhty person.
5-6 LITERS
Function of the heart
Pump blood throughout the body via arteries
the outermost layer of the heart that contains FATS
Pericardium
the thickest layer of the heart that contains CARDIAC MUSCLE
MYOCARDIUM
Endocardium is lined with?
Simple squamous
Natural fats in the body is produced by?
LIVER
What kind of fat is used by the heart?
Triglycerides
Triglycerides when used by the heart becomes?
ketone bodies
Frank-starling law stated?
increase stretching of cardiac muscle results in forceful contraction
Blood flow in the heart by the UNOXYGENATED PORTION
Right atrium > triscuspid valve> right ventricle> pulmonary valve > pulmonary artery > lungs
Blood flow in the heart by the OXYGENATED PORTION
Pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > ascending aorta > aortic arch> descending aorta (thoracic) > abdominal aorta > median sacral artery
AV valve on the right side
Tricuspid valve
one of semilunar valve with 2 leaflet
pulmonary valve
simulnar valve with 3 leaflets
Aortic valce
AV valve on the left side
Mitral valve
The only artery that caries unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery
What are the Semilunar valves?
Pulmonary and Aortic valve
What is the muscle found in the valves?
Papillary muscle
What structure refers to “heart strings”?
Chorda tendinae
What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 5th intercostal space?
Tricuspid valve
What valve can be heard at the midclavicular ine in 5th intercostal space?
MITRAL valve
What valve can be heard at the right of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space?
AORTIC valve
What valve can be heard at the left of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space
PULMONARY valve
Closure of tricuspid valve and mitral valve produce what sound?
LUB SOUND
Closure of aortic valve and pulmonary valve produce what sound?
DUB sound
Heart sounds (Lub and Dub) also known as
murmurs
Which murmur is louder?
the LUB sound
What is AV valve for?
Prevent backflow of blood
Largest vein the body
Inferior Vena Cava
These arteries are located at the AORTIC valve.
Left and Right coronary arteries
Left and Right coronary arteries are branch of?
Ascending aorta
It is the main supply of the heart.
Left and Right coronary arteries
Arteries most commonly affected by Heart attack.
Coronary arteries
Blood vessel begins at the level of second sternocostal joint and ends at the T4 vertebra.
AORTIC ARCH
Cell present at the Aortic arch.
Baroreceptors
Branches of Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic > Right common carotid
>Right subclavian
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Baroreceptors are located?
Aortic arch and Carotid Sinus
Functions of Baroreceptors
It lowers the blood presure when there is increased blood pressure
How does baroreceptor lowers the blood pressure?
Decreasing the arterial pressure
Decreasing venous return
Decreasing the heart rate
Arteries that bifurcate at the level of of C-4
Common carotid artery
c-4 is in level with what cartilage.
Cricothyroid cartilage
Cell that responds to high blood pressure
Carotid Sinus (baroreceptor)
Cell that responds to low oxygen tension.
Carotid body (chemoreceptors)
What’s the function of pulse?
Continuation of heart beat
Main blood supply of the brain.
Internal carotid artery
What are the branches of Internal carotid artery?
Anterior cerebral arteries > Anterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Ophthalmic artery
Main blood supply of the Head and Neck.
External carotid artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the larynx and thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the base of the skull
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the floor of the mouth and tongue.
Lingual artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the face
Facial artery
Main blood supply of the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth.
Maxillary artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the side of the face and scalp
Superficial temporal artery
Branch of ECA that supplies the most posterior branch
Occipital artery
Middle meningeal artery arises from?
Maxillary artery
Maxillary artery arises from
Facial artery
What are the branches of Common carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Superficial temporal artery Occipital artery
Structures passes through parotid gland.
External carotid artery
Facial artery
Auriculotemporal nerve
Maxillary artery
Artery that runs vertically with Internal carotid artery.
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
Artery that runs with Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual artery
FACIAL artery passes what structures?
Posterior belly of Digastric
Stylohyoid
Submandibular
Maxillary artery embeds in what gland?
Parotid gland
True or False. There is NO mandibular artery.
True
Middle meningeal artery is encircled by what nerve?
Auriculotemporal nerve
Occipital artery runs with what nerve?
Greater Occipital nerve.
Branches of subclavian arteries.
Vertebral arteries Internal thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular artery
Artery that enters the transverse foramen of C-6 and enters the skull via Foramen magnum.
Vertebral artery
Artery formed by the union of Vertebral arteries at pons
Basilar artery
What arises from Basilar Artery.
Posterior cerebral arteries
What arises from posterior cerebral artery?
Posterior communicating artery
What composes the Circle of Willis.
Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery Internal carotid artery Posterior cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery
What artery is not part of the circle of willis.
Middle cerebral artery
Most common pathology in middle cerebral artery.
Stroke
Other term for stroke
Cerebrovascular accident
Most common pathology in middle meningeal artery.
Epidural hematoma
What is stroke?
Sudden paralysis half off the body
Most common pathology in Anterior communication artery.
Berry aneurism
Berry aneurism occurs in?
Circle of Willis
Most common pathology in Coronary arteries.
Myocardial infarction
Other term for Myocardial infarction.
Heart attack
What is hematoma?
Bloodclot due to trauma
What is aneurysm?
Rupture of blood vessel.
Branches of DESCENDING aorta
Bronchial artery Mediastinal artery Esophageal artery Pericardial artery Superior phrenic artery Intercostal and subcostal arteries
Location of Descending aorta
T4-T12
Branches of ABDOMINAL aorta
Inferior phrenic artery Celiac artery Superior mesenteric artery Middle suprarenal arteries Rena arteries Gonadal arteries Inferior mesenteric artery Median sacral artery Lumbar arteries
Celiac artery supplies what organs?
Liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas
Superior mesenteric artery supplies?
Duodenum
Jujuno-ileum
colon (ASC and Trans)
Middle suprarenal arteries supplies?
adrenal glands
Renal arteries supplies?
kidneys
Gonadal arteries supplies?
Testicles and ovaries
Inferior mesenteric artery supplies
Descending colon and rectum
Median sacral artery supplies?
coccyx
lumbar
sacrum
Lumbar arteries supplies?
Abdominal walls
spinal cord
