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Nursing 1st Fall Semester > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Anuria

A

No urine

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2
Q

Oliguria

A

Low urine

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3
Q

Polyuria

A

Too much urine

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4
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination at night

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5
Q

Urinary retention

A

Holding urine in

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6
Q

Stasis

A

Urine not flowing

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7
Q

Distention

A

Swelling

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8
Q

Renal clearance

A

How effective the kidneys are

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9
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

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10
Q

Micturination

A

Term for urination

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11
Q

Urinary calculi

A

Kidney stones

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12
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed wetting

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13
Q

Bladder training

A

Strengthening the bladder

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14
Q

C&S

A

Culture and sensistivity

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15
Q

IVP

A

Looking at blood flow through the kidneys

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16
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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17
Q

What are the main functions of the bladder

A

To hold 25-600 ml of urine, and void 50-200 of it(child) // 1500(adult)

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18
Q

Describe the characteristics of Urine
Color, pH, Gravity

A

Color should be amber or yellow
pH of 4.6-8.0, average of 6.0
Unless mixed diet=acidic OR vegetarian diet= alkaline
Gravity should be 1.003-1.030, usually btwn 1.010-1.025

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19
Q

Decreased specific gravity ?

A

under 1.003, Due to over hydration

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20
Q

Increased specific gravity?

A

Over 1.030, Due to dehydration

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21
Q

What muscle contracts when emptying the bladder

A

Detrusor muscle

22
Q

What can negatively affect kidney function

A

Poisions, Emboli (clots in kidneys) , Hypertension, Infection, Loss of muscle tone due to age, degenerative changes and decreased blood supply

23
Q

Urinary Assessment

A

Find out:
Normal voiding patterns, the frequency or urination, color, odor and changes
Physical assessment of GU system
Test and procedures

24
Q

Observation of urine

A

Color: light straw color
Odor: not much odor
Amount: should be depositing normal range
Turbitity: should come out clear, not cloudy or with anything else

25
Describe what a urinalysis evaluates
used only when you think there is an issue with the urine Looking for: Albumin Glucose RBC Ketone bodies Microbes
26
Albumin:
Should not be leaving blood vessels=inflammation in kidneys
27
Glucose:
Should not be there at all=spilled over in urine can be diabetic
28
RBC:
Should be getting filtered in kidneys=can be infection or inflammation in kidneys
29
Ketone bodies
Want to show up if your on keto diet, normally no
30
What are the signs and symptoms of problems in urinary elimination
Edema,dehydration, alteration in blood pressure, pain from calculi, and a UTI
31
Edema:
Swollen, body is not in fluid balance, need to urinate water out
32
dehydration:
higher specific gravity, urine will come out darker
33
alteration in blood pressure:
higher bp, urination will occur more often
34
pain from calculi:
Kidney stones. They can block up urinary system
35
Describe Cystis
An infection in the bladder Symptoms include: Urgency, Frequency, Suprapubic pain, Dysuria(pain and burning), Hematuria (blood), fever, and CONFUSION IN OLDER ADULTS
36
Describe Pyelonephritis
An infection in the kidneys Symptoms include: Flank pain, Dysuria( pain and burning), Pain in lower back, and same other symptoms as Cytitis
37
Nursing Goals for UTI's
Symptom relief!! Teaching and Preventions that include: Showers over baths, perineal cleaning (front to back), Voiding after intercourse, No perfume or other fragrances in perennial area, Emptying bladder regularly ( dont hold pee in!!!)
38
What are the signs and symptoms of a UTI in THE ELDERLY
Generalized weakness, Fatigue, CHANGE IN MENTAL STATUS, Lethargy, Anorexia, sometimes low grade fever
39
What are the common tests done
C&S, UA, 24 hour urine, Ultrasound, IVP
40
Define Functional incontinence
The inability to reach the toilet in time Can be due to cognitive and functional defects
41
Define overflow incontinence
Loss of urine due to weak detrusor
42
Define stress incontinence
Loss of small amounts of urine due to laughing or coughing due to increased pressure in abdomen. Primarily in older women even men after prostectomy
43
Define total urinary incontinence
continuous and unpredictable loss of urine
44
Define Urge incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine associated with the strong urge to void. Overactive detrusor and leads to nocturia
45
Define reflex incontinence
The inability to sense a full bladder
46
What are some interventions to incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels "the knack" strength for men and women) Behavioral modification (bladder training, biofeedback and habit training), Catheterization, Ethereal inserts
47
What is bladder training
Teaching the patient how long to hold urine in, ideal time is 2 hours Is a slow process but establishes a routine for fluid intake and voiding. Bedpan is offered every 2 hours
48
What is Nocturnal Enuresis
Nighttime bedwetting 30% in 4 yr olds 0.5-1.0% in adults Uncommon after age 5 Caused by STRESS AND ILLNESS, Bladder training and moisture alarms would be used, along with medications
49
Why do we avoid catheterization
Potential for ascending infection Causes trauma to urethra, especially in males Want to avoid unless really needed
50
When would you catheterize
Pre-op( to keep bladder empty) post-op for bladder irrigation to measure PVR to collect specimen when other means are unacceptable
51
What are the nursing goals related to the GU system
Maintain optimum function help restore elimination by catheterization or treating any existing UTI's Teaching and rehabilitation
52
What are the main nursing interventions when it comes to helping with urination
Provide privacy Assist to the normal position Run water in bathroom Pour warm water over premium Keeping perineal area clean Encourage client to drink 2000 mL of fluids If catheterized, change according to policy

Nursing 1st Fall Semester (41 decks)

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