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Nursing 1st Fall Semester > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

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1
Q

Anuria

A

No urine

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2
Q

Oliguria

A

Low urine

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3
Q

Polyuria

A

Too much urine

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4
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination at night

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5
Q

Urinary retention

A

Holding urine in

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6
Q

Stasis

A

Urine not flowing

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7
Q

Distention

A

Swelling

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8
Q

Renal clearance

A

How effective the kidneys are

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9
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

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10
Q

Micturination

A

Term for urination

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11
Q

Urinary calculi

A

Kidney stones

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12
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed wetting

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13
Q

Bladder training

A

Strengthening the bladder

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14
Q

C&S

A

Culture and sensistivity

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15
Q

IVP

A

Looking at blood flow through the kidneys

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16
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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17
Q

What are the main functions of the bladder

A

To hold 25-600 ml of urine, and void 50-200 of it(child) // 1500(adult)

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18
Q

Describe the characteristics of Urine
Color, pH, Gravity

A

Color should be amber or yellow
pH of 4.6-8.0, average of 6.0
Unless mixed diet=acidic OR vegetarian diet= alkaline
Gravity should be 1.003-1.030, usually btwn 1.010-1.025

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19
Q

Decreased specific gravity ?

A

under 1.003, Due to over hydration

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20
Q

Increased specific gravity?

A

Over 1.030, Due to dehydration

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21
Q

What muscle contracts when emptying the bladder

A

Detrusor muscle

22
Q

What can negatively affect kidney function

A

Poisions, Emboli (clots in kidneys) , Hypertension, Infection, Loss of muscle tone due to age, degenerative changes and decreased blood supply

23
Q

Urinary Assessment

A

Find out:
Normal voiding patterns, the frequency or urination, color, odor and changes
Physical assessment of GU system
Test and procedures

24
Q

Observation of urine

A

Color: light straw color
Odor: not much odor
Amount: should be depositing normal range
Turbitity: should come out clear, not cloudy or with anything else

25
Q

Describe what a urinalysis evaluates

A

used only when you think there is an issue with the urine
Looking for:
Albumin
Glucose
RBC
Ketone bodies
Microbes

26
Q

Albumin:

A

Should not be leaving blood vessels=inflammation in kidneys

27
Q

Glucose:

A

Should not be there at all=spilled over in urine can be diabetic

28
Q

RBC:

A

Should be getting filtered in kidneys=can be infection or inflammation in kidneys

29
Q

Ketone bodies

A

Want to show up if your on keto diet, normally no

30
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of problems in urinary elimination

A

Edema,dehydration, alteration in blood pressure, pain from calculi, and a UTI

31
Q

Edema:

A

Swollen, body is not in fluid balance, need to urinate water out

32
Q

dehydration:

A

higher specific gravity, urine will come out darker

33
Q

alteration in blood pressure:

A

higher bp, urination will occur more often

34
Q

pain from calculi:

A

Kidney stones. They can block up urinary system

35
Q

Describe Cystis

A

An infection in the bladder
Symptoms include: Urgency, Frequency, Suprapubic pain, Dysuria(pain and burning), Hematuria (blood), fever, and CONFUSION IN OLDER ADULTS

36
Q

Describe Pyelonephritis

A

An infection in the kidneys
Symptoms include: Flank pain, Dysuria( pain and burning), Pain in lower back, and same other symptoms as Cytitis

37
Q

Nursing Goals for UTI’s

A

Symptom relief!!
Teaching and Preventions that include:
Showers over baths, perineal cleaning (front to back), Voiding after intercourse, No perfume or other fragrances in perennial area, Emptying bladder regularly ( dont hold pee in!!!)

38
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a UTI in THE ELDERLY

A

Generalized weakness, Fatigue, CHANGE IN MENTAL STATUS, Lethargy, Anorexia, sometimes low grade fever

39
Q

What are the common tests done

A

C&S, UA, 24 hour urine, Ultrasound, IVP

40
Q

Define Functional incontinence

A

The inability to reach the toilet in time
Can be due to cognitive and functional defects

41
Q

Define overflow incontinence

A

Loss of urine due to weak detrusor

42
Q

Define stress incontinence

A

Loss of small amounts of urine due to laughing or coughing due to increased pressure in abdomen.
Primarily in older women even men after prostectomy

43
Q

Define total urinary incontinence

A

continuous and unpredictable loss of urine

44
Q

Define Urge incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine associated with the strong urge to void.
Overactive detrusor and leads to nocturia

45
Q

Define reflex incontinence

A

The inability to sense a full bladder

46
Q

What are some interventions to incontinence

A

Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels “the knack” strength for men and women)
Behavioral modification (bladder training, biofeedback and habit training), Catheterization, Ethereal inserts

47
Q

What is bladder training

A

Teaching the patient how long to hold urine in, ideal time is 2 hours
Is a slow process but establishes a routine for fluid intake and voiding.
Bedpan is offered every 2 hours

48
Q

What is Nocturnal Enuresis

A

Nighttime bedwetting
30% in 4 yr olds
0.5-1.0% in adults
Uncommon after age 5
Caused by STRESS AND ILLNESS,
Bladder training and moisture alarms would be used, along with medications

49
Q

Why do we avoid catheterization

A

Potential for ascending infection
Causes trauma to urethra, especially in males
Want to avoid unless really needed

50
Q

When would you catheterize

A

Pre-op( to keep bladder empty)
post-op
for bladder irrigation
to measure PVR
to collect specimen when other means are unacceptable

51
Q

What are the nursing goals related to the GU system

A

Maintain optimum function
help restore elimination by catheterization or treating any existing UTI’s
Teaching and rehabilitation

52
Q

What are the main nursing interventions when it comes to helping with urination

A

Provide privacy
Assist to the normal position
Run water in bathroom
Pour warm water over premium
Keeping perineal area clean
Encourage client to drink 2000 mL of fluids
If catheterized, change according to policy

Nursing 1st Fall Semester (41 decks)

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