Infection

Question 1

What are the 6 main components

Answer 1

Infectious agent, Source of infection, Portal of exit, Mode of transmission, Portal of entry, and Susceptible host

Question 2

Infectious agent

Answer 2

A pathogen
Any infectious agent that causes disease, including a bacteria, virus, fungi or parasite

Question 3

Infectious agent: bacteria

Answer 3

Single-celled organisms. Live in normal flora on skin, eyes and nose and mouth
Capable of causing disease when they over grow

Question 4

Infectious agent: Viruses

Answer 4

The smallest microorganisms
Reproduce inside cells of the host and are responsible for causing many diseases
Cant be killed by antibiotics, antiviral meds can manage the symptoms

Question 5

Infectious agent: Fungi

Answer 5

Single-cell. molds and yeast
Present in air, soil and water. Responsible fir athletes foot, ringworm and yeast infections
Treated with antifungals

Question 6

Infectious agent: Parasites

Answer 6

Live in or on other organisms
Protozoan, helminths and arthropods
Typically transmitted by sexual contact, insects and domestic animals
Protozoa:causes malaria
Helminths: responsible for intestinal worms, infestations
Arthropods: transmit many skin and systemic diseases

Question 7

Source of infection

Answer 7

Also called the reservoir
Can be inanimate objects ( surfaces, equipment, air, food ) anywhere there can be nourishment and they can survive
Animals like insects, rats, birds, pigs and cows spread disease and have been reservoir for many epidemics

Question 8

Portal of Exit

Answer 8

The means by which the pathogen escapes from the reservoir of infection
Escapes though urine, emesis, sputum, stool, blood, genital secretions, cough and wound drainage

Question 9

Mode of transmission

Answer 9

Include contact, airborne, vehicle, droplet, and vector-borne
Direct or indirect

Question 10

Contact: direct transmission

Answer 10

Immediate transfer of microorganisms to an individual through touching, biting, kissing or sexual intercourse

Question 11

Contact: indirect transmission

Answer 11

Is vehicle born or vector borne

Question 12

Mode of transmisson : Airborne

Answer 12

When dispersed by air currents and inhaled or deposited in the skin of the host.
Within 3 feet
Tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox

Question 13

Mode of transmisson : Droplet

Answer 13

When mucous membranes of respiratory tract are exposed to the secretions of an infected individual
Travels more then 3 feet
Influenza

Question 14

Mode of transmisson : Vector

Answer 14

The one bringing pathogens from one host to another
Often investable animals like ticks but also raccoons

Question 15

Portal of entry

Answer 15

Where the infection enters the body
Can be though a break un the skin or through inhaling
GI, GU, Respiratory, IG, UT

Question 16

Susceptible host

Answer 16

Someone exposed who is likely to contract the disease
Increased in those who are older, immunocompromised, recent trauma or injury

Question 17

Localized symptoms

Answer 17

Causes redness, swelling, warmth, pain, tenderness, drainage, numbness or tingling

Question 18

Systemic symptoms

Answer 18

Infiltrate bloodstream causes fever, increase heart rate, lethargy and tenderness

Question 19

What is a fomite

Answer 19

Unlike the carrier, the fomite has the infection on it and is caring it that way

Question 20

Drug resistant organisms

Answer 20

MRSA, VRE, C.Diff