Immunity Flashcards
What is immunity
Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body defense mechanisms
What is inflammation
A syndrome of normal tissue responses to cellular injury, allergy, or pathogen presence
What is microbiorne
All microorganisms of normal flora that coexist in and on a person
Describe a human leukocyte antigen
Found on the surface of most body cells
Unique surface protien specific to a person
Key for recognition and self tolerance
Stem cells
Immature, undifferentiated cells
Produced by bone marrow
What do Leukocytes do
Provide protection of the body
Describe immunity in the older adult
Nutritional status, environmental conditions, drug, disease, and age change immunity
Overgrowth of more pathogenic organisms occur
Lower T-cell function
Circulating autoantibodies increases
Define the process of inflammation
Innate- native immunity or natural immunity is the first line of infection
Provides immediate protection against tissue injury and foreign proteins
Define infection process
Invasion of pathogens into the body
Usually triggers inflammation
Inflammation occurs without infection; infection usually triggers inflammation
What cell types are involved in inflammation
Neutrophils, Macrophages, Basophils, Eosinophils, Tissue mast cells
Describe complement
a system of 20 different types of inactive plasma proteins
When activated, act as enzymes and attracting agents to enhance cell actions of innate immunity
Phagocytosis steps
Exposure/invasion
Attraction
Adherence
Recognition
Cellular ingestion
Phagosome formation
Degradation
What are the 5 cardinal symptoms of inflammation
Warmth, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Decreased function
What is the sequence of inflammatory responses
Stage 1: Vascular=Change in blood vessels; redness and warmth caused by capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration
Stage 2: Cellular exudate=neutrophilia, pus
Stage 3: Tissue repair and replacement= WBC’s trigger new blood vessel and growth and scar tissue formation
What is adaptive imminity
Also known as acquired immunity
Protective response, specific and results in long term resistance to invading microorganisms
What is antigen recognition
Recognition of antigen by unsensitized b-cell
What is sensitization
Occurs when b-cell recognizes the antigen as non-self and is now senstized to this antigen
What is cell mediated immunity
Also called cellular immunity
Involves many WBC
For total or full immunity CMI must function optimally
Differentiates self from non self and prevents development of cancer and metastasis after exposure to carcinogens
What age is immune function most effecient
When people are in their 20 and 30’s
What asepsis
Freedom from and prevention of disease causing contamination
What are the 3 body defenses
Normal flora, inflammatory response and immune response
What is normal flora
A group of non disease causing microorganisms ( bacteria, fungai and protozoa ) that live in or on the body
Constitues as the body first line of defense
What is the second line of defense
Inflammatory response
What activates the immune response
Inflammation
Initiated by the recognition of antigens
Innate immunity
nonspecific immunity; immediate defense against foreign antigens
Skin, cough, mucus and enzymes on the skin, tears or acid in the GU
Acts as a barrier to infectious diseases and produces chemical mediators that fight infection, remove foreign substances and activates the adaptive immune response
Adaptive immunity
Aquired or antigen specific
Provides long term immunity when exposed to an antigen
antibody mediated and cellular immunity
Adaptive immunity: humoral
Also known as antigen antibody mediated
Involves WBC that produces antibodies in response to antigens or pathogens
Enables production of inflammatory molecules such as interferon snd interleukin I
Adaptive immunity: cellular
Cell mediated
Defense by WBC against any microorganisms the body doesn’t recognize as its own
T lymphocytes, cytotoxic t-cells directly attack cells
Helper t-cells release interleukin that stimulates antibody production of b-cells
What is an antibody
Immunoglobulin molecules that recognize foreign invaders
Active immunity
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
Can be artificially acquired by immunization with vaccines
Passive immunity
When a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system
Natural active immunity
acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.
Artifical active immunity
acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination
Artificial passive immunity
Antibodies are transferred from 1 person to another by injection of an antibody rich serum, immunoglobulin
Active passive immunity
Newborn acquires from its mother through the placenta
