Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunity

A

Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body defense mechanisms

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2
Q

What is inflammation

A

A syndrome of normal tissue responses to cellular injury, allergy, or pathogen presence

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3
Q

What is microbiorne

A

All microorganisms of normal flora that coexist in and on a person

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4
Q

Describe a human leukocyte antigen

A

Found on the surface of most body cells
Unique surface protien specific to a person
Key for recognition and self tolerance

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5
Q

Stem cells

A

Immature, undifferentiated cells
Produced by bone marrow

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6
Q

What do Leukocytes do

A

Provide protection of the body

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7
Q

Describe immunity in the older adult

A

Nutritional status, environmental conditions, drug, disease, and age change immunity
Overgrowth of more pathogenic organisms occur
Lower T-cell function
Circulating autoantibodies increases

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8
Q

Define the process of inflammation

A

Innate- native immunity or natural immunity is the first line of infection
Provides immediate protection against tissue injury and foreign proteins

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9
Q

Define infection process

A

Invasion of pathogens into the body
Usually triggers inflammation
Inflammation occurs without infection; infection usually triggers inflammation

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10
Q

What cell types are involved in inflammation

A

Neutrophils, Macrophages, Basophils, Eosinophils, Tissue mast cells

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11
Q

Describe complement

A

a system of 20 different types of inactive plasma proteins
When activated, act as enzymes and attracting agents to enhance cell actions of innate immunity

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12
Q

Phagocytosis steps

A

Exposure/invasion
Attraction
Adherence
Recognition
Cellular ingestion
Phagosome formation
Degradation

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13
Q

What are the 5 cardinal symptoms of inflammation

A

Warmth, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Decreased function

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14
Q

What is the sequence of inflammatory responses

A

Stage 1: Vascular=Change in blood vessels; redness and warmth caused by capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration
Stage 2: Cellular exudate=neutrophilia, pus
Stage 3: Tissue repair and replacement= WBC’s trigger new blood vessel and growth and scar tissue formation

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15
Q

What is adaptive imminity

A

Also known as acquired immunity
Protective response, specific and results in long term resistance to invading microorganisms

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16
Q

What is antigen recognition

A

Recognition of antigen by unsensitized b-cell

17
Q

What is sensitization

A

Occurs when b-cell recognizes the antigen as non-self and is now senstized to this antigen

18
Q

What is cell mediated immunity

A

Also called cellular immunity
Involves many WBC
For total or full immunity CMI must function optimally
Differentiates self from non self and prevents development of cancer and metastasis after exposure to carcinogens

19
Q

What age is immune function most effecient

A

When people are in their 20 and 30’s

20
Q

What asepsis

A

Freedom from and prevention of disease causing contamination

21
Q

What are the 3 body defenses

A

Normal flora, inflammatory response and immune response

22
Q

What is normal flora

A

A group of non disease causing microorganisms ( bacteria, fungai and protozoa ) that live in or on the body
Constitues as the body first line of defense

23
Q

What is the second line of defense

A

Inflammatory response

24
Q

What activates the immune response

A

Inflammation
Initiated by the recognition of antigens

25
Innate immunity
nonspecific immunity; immediate defense against foreign antigens Skin, cough, mucus and enzymes on the skin, tears or acid in the GU Acts as a barrier to infectious diseases and produces chemical mediators that fight infection, remove foreign substances and activates the adaptive immune response
26
Adaptive immunity
Aquired or antigen specific Provides long term immunity when exposed to an antigen antibody mediated and cellular immunity
27
Adaptive immunity: humoral
Also known as antigen antibody mediated Involves WBC that produces antibodies in response to antigens or pathogens Enables production of inflammatory molecules such as interferon snd interleukin I
28
Adaptive immunity: cellular
Cell mediated Defense by WBC against any microorganisms the body doesn't recognize as its own T lymphocytes, cytotoxic t-cells directly attack cells Helper t-cells release interleukin that stimulates antibody production of b-cells
29
What is an antibody
Immunoglobulin molecules that recognize foreign invaders
30
Active immunity
results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease Can be artificially acquired by immunization with vaccines
31
Passive immunity
When a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system
32
Natural active immunity
acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.
33
Artifical active immunity
acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination
34
Artificial passive immunity
Antibodies are transferred from 1 person to another by injection of an antibody rich serum, immunoglobulin
35
Active passive immunity
Newborn acquires from its mother through the placenta