Immunity

Question 1

What is immunity

Answer 1

Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body defense mechanisms

Question 2

What is inflammation

Answer 2

A syndrome of normal tissue responses to cellular injury, allergy, or pathogen presence

Question 3

What is microbiorne

Answer 3

All microorganisms of normal flora that coexist in and on a person

Question 4

Describe a human leukocyte antigen

Answer 4

Found on the surface of most body cells
Unique surface protien specific to a person
Key for recognition and self tolerance

Question 5

Stem cells

Answer 5

Immature, undifferentiated cells
Produced by bone marrow

Question 6

What do Leukocytes do

Answer 6

Provide protection of the body

Question 7

Describe immunity in the older adult

Answer 7

Nutritional status, environmental conditions, drug, disease, and age change immunity
Overgrowth of more pathogenic organisms occur
Lower T-cell function
Circulating autoantibodies increases

Question 8

Define the process of inflammation

Answer 8

Innate- native immunity or natural immunity is the first line of infection
Provides immediate protection against tissue injury and foreign proteins

Question 9

Define infection process

Answer 9

Invasion of pathogens into the body
Usually triggers inflammation
Inflammation occurs without infection; infection usually triggers inflammation

Question 10

What cell types are involved in inflammation

Answer 10

Neutrophils, Macrophages, Basophils, Eosinophils, Tissue mast cells

Question 11

Describe complement

Answer 11

a system of 20 different types of inactive plasma proteins
When activated, act as enzymes and attracting agents to enhance cell actions of innate immunity

Question 12

Phagocytosis steps

Answer 12

Exposure/invasion
Attraction
Adherence
Recognition
Cellular ingestion
Phagosome formation
Degradation

Question 13

What are the 5 cardinal symptoms of inflammation

Answer 13

Warmth, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Decreased function

Question 14

What is the sequence of inflammatory responses

Answer 14

Stage 1: Vascular=Change in blood vessels; redness and warmth caused by capillary dilation and leukocyte infiltration
Stage 2: Cellular exudate=neutrophilia, pus
Stage 3: Tissue repair and replacement= WBC’s trigger new blood vessel and growth and scar tissue formation

Question 15

What is adaptive imminity

Answer 15

Also known as acquired immunity
Protective response, specific and results in long term resistance to invading microorganisms

Question 16

What is antigen recognition

Answer 16

Recognition of antigen by unsensitized b-cell

Question 17

What is sensitization

Answer 17

Occurs when b-cell recognizes the antigen as non-self and is now senstized to this antigen

Question 18

What is cell mediated immunity

Answer 18

Also called cellular immunity
Involves many WBC
For total or full immunity CMI must function optimally
Differentiates self from non self and prevents development of cancer and metastasis after exposure to carcinogens

Question 19

What age is immune function most effecient

Answer 19

When people are in their 20 and 30’s

Question 20

What asepsis

Answer 20

Freedom from and prevention of disease causing contamination

Question 21

What are the 3 body defenses

Answer 21

Normal flora, inflammatory response and immune response

Question 22

What is normal flora

Answer 22

A group of non disease causing microorganisms ( bacteria, fungai and protozoa ) that live in or on the body
Constitues as the body first line of defense

Question 23

What is the second line of defense

Answer 23

Inflammatory response

Question 24

What activates the immune response

Answer 24

Inflammation
Initiated by the recognition of antigens

Question 25

Innate immunity

Answer 25

nonspecific immunity; immediate defense against foreign antigens
Skin, cough, mucus and enzymes on the skin, tears or acid in the GU
Acts as a barrier to infectious diseases and produces chemical mediators that fight infection, remove foreign substances and activates the adaptive immune response

Question 26

Adaptive immunity

Answer 26

Aquired or antigen specific
Provides long term immunity when exposed to an antigen
antibody mediated and cellular immunity

Question 27

Adaptive immunity: humoral

Answer 27

Also known as antigen antibody mediated
Involves WBC that produces antibodies in response to antigens or pathogens
Enables production of inflammatory molecules such as interferon snd interleukin I

Question 28

Adaptive immunity: cellular

Answer 28

Cell mediated
Defense by WBC against any microorganisms the body doesn’t recognize as its own
T lymphocytes, cytotoxic t-cells directly attack cells
Helper t-cells release interleukin that stimulates antibody production of b-cells

Question 29

What is an antibody

Answer 29

Immunoglobulin molecules that recognize foreign invaders

Question 30

Active immunity

Answer 30

results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
Can be artificially acquired by immunization with vaccines

Question 31

Passive immunity

Answer 31

When a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system

Question 32

Natural active immunity

Answer 32

acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.

Question 33

Artifical active immunity

Answer 33

acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination

Question 34

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 34

Antibodies are transferred from 1 person to another by injection of an antibody rich serum, immunoglobulin

Question 35

Active passive immunity

Answer 35

Newborn acquires from its mother through the placenta