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Nursing 1st Fall Semester > Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

Cathartic

A

Laxative

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2
Q

Occult blood

A

Not obvious blood

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3
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

Strain

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4
Q

What are the 3 F’s of bowel movement

A

FLUIDS
FIBER
FHYSICAL ACTIVITY

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5
Q

Functions of the digestion tract

A

Breakdown food
Absorb nutrients
Eliminate

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6
Q

What is the function of bowel elimination

A

To excrete/eliminate wast products of digestion

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7
Q

Small intestine job

A

To absorbs nutrients and electrolytes

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8
Q

Large intestine job

A

Main function is elimination!
Absorbs H20 and electrolytes

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9
Q

Physiology of defecation

A

Pooping
Peristaltic waves move feces to rectum every 3-12 minutes
Sensory nerves in rectum are stimulated
Sphincters relax and feces moves through the anal canal and expelled through anus

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10
Q

Rate of passage of bowel contents

A

food stimulates peristalsis
Occurs in 1-2 days

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11
Q

Pooping patterns through life

A

Babies take about 2-10 BM’s a day
Pregnant women are more prone to constipation due to pressure on abdominal organs and iron supplements

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12
Q

Describe Meconium poop

A

Black and brown
The babies first poop
Is dark due to material from amniotic fluid

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13
Q

Describe Breast-fed poop

A

Yellow and fatty

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14
Q

How much fluid and fiber should you be consuming

A

At keast 2000-3000 mL per day
Fiber stimulates peristalsis,
softens stool

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15
Q

Factors that affect constipation

A

Busy schedule, immobility, medications such as opioids/iron sulfate/laxatives
Chronic worriers, pain, surgery

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16
Q

Nursing history Assessment for Bowel Assessment

A

Find out the patients normal pattern of bowel movement ( how often )
Usual feces description ( soft, mushy, hard)
Recent changes
Past problems eliminating
Presence of an ostomy
Factors that may be affecting pooping pattern

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17
Q

Physical Examination for bowel movment

A

Includes:
Examination of the abdomen, rectum and anus
Ausculation-> Palpation
Inspect feces for color, consistency, shape, amount, odor and abnormalities
Review data collected from any tests done

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18
Q

Where would you start when escalating bowel sounds

A

Right lower quadrant because it gives you the most noise

19
Q

Normal bowel sounds
Hypo-active sounds
Hyper-active sounds

A

5-30 bowel sounds
less than 5 per minute
more than 30 per minute

20
Q

General key characteristics of feces

A

color, consistency, shape, amount, odor, constituents

21
Q

Normal bowel movement description

A

75% water, 35% solid
Soft but formed
100-400 gm/day
light to dark brown in color
Looks like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft

22
Q

Tarry brown stool aka Melena

A

Blood in upper GI tract

23
Q

Dark or bright red color stool

A

Blood from lower GI tract

24
Q

Streaking of blood on toilet tissue

A

Lower rectal or anal bleeding

25
Q

Light gray or clay colored stool

A

gall bladder disease

26
Q

How would you obtain a stool specimen

A

Void first, not mixing stool with urine
Defecate into required container
No toilet paper in sample
Wear gloves and use tong to put 1 inch of stool in container, if liquid then 15-30 mL

27
Q

Guiac stool for blood

A

Smear poop on paper applicator, our drops on it
If color change= signs of blood present

28
Q

Describe flatulence

A

Excessive gas in the stomach and intestines
Causes abdominal extension and pain
Can occur due to surgery, foods or opioids

29
Q

What is diarreah

A

Passage of liquid feces with increased frequency
May be acute or chronic
Causes cramps and increased bowel sounds

30
Q

Nursing interventions of Diarrhea

A

Encourage intake of fluids that contain electrolytes
Administer anti-diarrheal medications
Keep skin dry and clean: can use zinc oxide as a moisture barrier

31
Q

What are some predisposing factors to constipation

A

Insufficient fiber & fluid intake
Chronic use of laxatives
Medications
Age, increased risk in older age
Inactivity or mobility

32
Q

Nursing interventions for constipation

A

Encourage activity, increased fluids, dietary fiber
avoid long term use of laxatives
respons to urge to poop, dont hold it in
review medications
administer stool softeners

33
Q

What are complications to constipation

A

Hypertension
Fecal impaction
Hemorrhoids
Fissures
Megacolon

34
Q

What is fecal impaction

A

Mass or collection of hardened feces
Passage of liquid fecal seepage

35
Q

Signs and symptoms of fecal impaction

A

Seepage of liquid stool
Rectal pain
Abdominal distention

36
Q

Nursing interventions for fecal impaction

A

Digital dis-impaction:removing poop with lubricated fingers
Encourage activity, fiber, liquids
Ascertain laxative usage
Administer stool softness

37
Q

What are hemorrhoids

A

Dilated engorged veins
increased pressure when straining
internal or external
itching and pain

38
Q

When dealing with hemorrhoids, what procedures should you avoid doing

A

Rectal temps, enemas or dis-impactions

39
Q

What is bowel incontinence

A

Loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges
More common in stroke and paralysis patients

40
Q

What are some nursing measures in bowel incontinence

A

Establishing toileting schedule
Maintaining skin integrity

41
Q

What are some ways to promote bowel eliminations

A

Privacy, squatting position, bedpan position, laxatives, anti-diarrheal agents, enemas, have a bowel routine

42
Q

Ostomy

A

Opening made to allow passage of urine or stool
Piece of intestine brought out onto the clients abdomen

43
Q

Stoma

A

Mouth like opening in the abdominal wall to drain urine or stool

44
Q

General Nursing intervenions on Bowel Movements

A

Teaching about medications and how they can effect bowel movement
Decrease any flatulence
Administer Enemas

Nursing 1st Fall Semester (41 decks)

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