Infections

Question 1

Influenza

Answer 1

The flu
Highly contagious, viral respiratory disease
May occur as an epidemic or pandemic

Question 2

Pathophysiology of the flu

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium is infected
Incubation is 18-72 hours
Rapidly replicates in infected cells and released to infect neighboring cells

Question 3

Influenza viruses

Answer 3

Type A, B and C
Common in nature wild birds and in animals such as pigs

Question 4

Antigenic shift in influenza viruses

Answer 4

Small changes that occurs, the virus makes copies of its self and eludes the immune system thats why we need a new vaccine each year

Question 5

Medications for influenza

Answer 5

Antivirals
Reduce the length and severity. need to be given within 2 days of onset
Medications include: Oral aseltamivir or baloxavir or inhaled zanamivir

Question 6

Influenza prevention

Answer 6

get your flu shot!

Question 7

When/Where would you acquire Health care associates infections aka HAI

Answer 7

After surgery, Contgious transmission between health care worker and patient, over use of antibiotics but also from medial devices like Cathaters=urinary, and Ventilators

Question 8

What are some multi drug resistant organisms

Answer 8

MRSA, VRE, CRE, C-Diff,

Question 9

MRSA

Answer 9

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Found on skin, perineum and nares of many people
Becomes a problem in deep wounds, surgical injections, lungs or blood stream
Health care associated infection, spread by direct contact
Methicillin is used but now many dont respond to the antibiotics

Question 10

VRE

Answer 10

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
Bacteria can love in the intestinal tract and are important for digestion, occur when they move to another area of the boy due to surgery
Risk factors: prolonged hospital stays, abdominal surgery, enteral nutrition
Can live on moist surfaces for days to weeks
Common infections include, UTI, endocarditis and pelvic infection and bacteremia
Vancomycin used to work but now not effective

Question 11

C-Diff

Answer 11

Destroys normal bowel flora, causes diarrhea, can be fatal in older adults, contact precautions
Alcohol based soap is not effective, sporadical cleaning of the room and or new drugs have come out to cure.
Fecal micro bacteria transplantation can be done to place healthy flora into GI tract