Temperature & Glucose Regulation Flashcards
What organ effects the body temperature
Hypothalamus can cause an increase or decrease of body temp
What occurs in increase of body temp
Temperature above 103 degrees
blood vessels dilate, giving flushed appearance
Sweat glands become more active
AVOID: standing out in the heat, know the temp of the day
What occurs in decrease of body temp
Core temperature under 35 degrees
blood vessels constrict, heat is trapped in deeper tissue
Sweat glands become less active
Skeletal muscles contract, causing shivering
COLD KILLS MORE PEOPLE THEN HEAT
Harmful effects of heat
Heart has increased work
Intravascular volume depletion
Brain experiences Ischemia and or edema
GU is vulnerale to hemmorrhage, hyperpnea and pulmonary vasodilation
Acute renal failure
Liver cells suffer bc of fever
Various organs become ischemic from micrthrombi
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
Health conditions at risk for altered thermoregulation
Autoimmune conditions
Burns
Chronic conditions
Tramatic brain injuries
Infection
Hyper/hypo thyroidism
How do you reduce body temperature
Provide extra blanket/warm blanket, do it slowly then you can speed up after - cold temp can be harmful to heart
Provide calm environment
lukewarm water sponge bath, only cold if its an emergent situation
Warm iv bag
Provide fluids and food if they feel like eating
Meds that can reduce the fever
What conditions can induce inadequate temp regulation
Infection, perfusion, tissue integrity, fluid and electrolytes, nutrition, perfusion
Hypoglycemia & signs and symptoms
BG below 70 severe if below 50
Blood produces excess insulin, not enough glucose
S&S: Reduced cognition, sleepiness, pallor, tremors, diaphoresis, weakness, hunger, headache, irritability, sweating
COLD AND CLAMMY NEEDS SOME CANDY
Hyperglycemia & signs and sumptoms
BG above 140 severe if above 180
Not enough insulin and blood sugar rises
S&S:dry mouth, Polyuria, increased thirst, blurred vision, weakness, headache, fatigue, fruity odor breath, kussmaul breathing, weight loss, hunger, poor wound healing
HOT AND DRY, SUGAR IS HIGH
Euglycemia
BG of 70-140
NORMAL
Hypoglycemia level 1
54-69ml
Dizziness, irregular or fast heart beat, hunger, sweating, anxiety, irritability and shakiness, tachycardia, pallor
Hypoglycemia level 2
below 54mg
Confusion, abnormal behavior and blurred vision, slurred speech, extreme fatigue
Hypoglycemia level 3
not defined by glucose level
confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness requiring assistance from another person
Optimal treatments for hypoglycemia
Start off with 15 grams of carbs
Give a little orange juice, more if sugar doesn’t go up
Glucose if not alert and awake
Optimal treatments for hyperglycemia
Hospitalization
Insulin, balance fluids and electrolyte replacement
DM type 1 IDDM
Autoimmune or genetic
Insulin is not produced by beta cells in the pancreas so glucose is NOT removed from the bloodstream
Cannot be prevented or reversed
Get as an infant to child, born with
Gets insulin
DM type 2 NIDDM
Insulin resistance obesity or aging
Overproduction of insulin leads to desensitization of the insulin
Can be prevented through lifestyle changes
Can be reversed with early diagnosis
Accounts for everyone else who gets diabetes later in life after age 35
Give glucose
Metaformen
Biguanides class
Supresses gluconeogenesis in the liver, so you don’t produce as much glucose
Facilitates glucose intake in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes
most common
OVERALL LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE
Metaformen side effects
Diarrea
Nausea and vommiting
Flatulance
Indigestion
Heachade
Abdominal discomfort
Taste distuebances
Chest discomfort
Dyspnea
Palpitations
Low appetite
