Sensory: The Eyes Flashcards
What are indications of eye impairment ?
Loss of visual acuity, increased sensitivity to glare, decreased ability to adjust to darkness and white ring around the cornea ( Arcus Senilis )
Cataracts
Occurs due to aging
Opaque cloudiness of lens
The clumping of lens protein causing painless blurry vision, sensitivity to glare and light scattering
Along with Myopic shift
Cataracts Risk factors & Prevention
Avoid sun light, UVB rays, smoking/alcohol consumption, and eye trauma
DM
Maintain a heathy weight
Cataracts treatment
Depends on the severity
If vision is affected, can be surgical removed
UVA/UVB protection
Glaucoma
Damage of the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure ( IOP )caused by congestion of the aqueous humor
Aqueous production and drainage are NOT equal=blocked outfow= pressure buildup in the eye
Irreversible mechanical and/or ischemic damage
Indications of glaucoma
“silent thief” patient isn’t aware of condition until there is significant vision loss
Peripheral vision loss, blurring, halos, difficulty focusing and difficulty adjusting eyes to low light
What are the types of glaucoma
Open-angle glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Congenital glaucomas and glaucoma secondary to other conditions
Glaucoma: Open angle
Drainage system structure degenerates and the exit channel is blocked
Initially no signs and symptoms
May need frequent lens changes in glasses
May see halos around lights
Gradual reduction of visual fields
Mild to severe increased intraocular pressure
Open angle glaucome treatment
Prevent further optic nerve damage
Surgery
Medications: Topical, Beta-blockers, prostaglandin, analogs, motifs, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Glaucoma: Angle-closure
More serious, completely closed off
Abrupt eye pain and headache
Nausea and vomiting, redness, cloudy cornea, fixed pupil, rapid increase in intraocular pressure
Angle closure glaucoma treatment
Topicals, beta-blockers, osmotic agents, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Macular degeneration
The breakdown or damage to macula
Dry Tiny yellowish spots called drusen accumulate beneath the retina
Central vision is more effected
Exudative Macular degeneration
Wet
growth of abnormal blood vessels that Leak; causing disoriented vision.
Scar tissue is formed and central vision is lost
Straight lines appear crooked and distorted
impaired color vision and burred spot in the center of vision
Macular degeneration: Dry type
Accumulation of dusen that enlarge and interferes with macula
Difficulty recognizing faces, haziness in vision
May progress to wet stage
Macular degeneration fixes
Laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, High dose of antioxidants and zinc can slow down the process
