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Nursing 1st Fall Semester > Oxygenation! > Flashcards

Oxygenation! Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased level of O2 in tissues
Signs= increased restlessness, irritability, unexplained sudden confusion, rapid heart rate and rapid respiratory rate

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2
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased level of O2 in blood, can lead to hypoxia if left untreated

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

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4
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive exchange of oxygen and CO2 between areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

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5
Q

Perfusion

A

The process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissue

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6
Q

Inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts and flattens as air field the lungs

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7
Q

Expiration

A

Diaphragm relaxes abd moves upward as the air is expelled

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8
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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9
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air that moves in and out in one breath

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10
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

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11
Q

Apnea

A

no breathing, respiratory arrest

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored breathing or shortness of breath that is painful

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13
Q

Orthopnea

A

Labored when laying flat

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14
Q

Polypnea

A

panting

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15
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid breathing
RR= more then 20 breaths/minute

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16
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow breathing
RR= less then 10 breaths/minute

17
Q

Hyperventilation

A

deep, rapid breathing

18
Q

Hypoventilation

A

abnormally slow respiration

19
Q

Cheyenne-stokes

A

Deep, rapid breathing and slow shallow breathing with periods of apnea

20
Q

HGB levels

A

female: 12-16 g/dL
male: 14-18 g/dL

21
Q

How much oxygen does is delivered: nasal cannula, oxygen mask, Venturi mask, partial rebreather

A

nasal cannula: 24-45%
oxygen mask: 40-60%
venturi mask: 20-50%
partial rebreather: 60-90%

22
Q

What is respiratory acidosis & it’s causes

A

Retention of CO2
Arterial ph below 7.35
increased carbonic acid levels
Caused by hypoventillation, airway obstruction, medullary trauma or tumor, chest injury, cardiac arrest, CNS depressant

23
Q

Respiratory acidosis signs and symptoms

A

Headache, Dyspnea, Fine tremors, Tachycardia, Hypertension, Depressed Reflexes

24
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis & its causes

A

Caused by hyperventilation
pH greater than 7.45
Low plasma levels
Caused by hyperventilation due to acute asthma, PVD or Pneumonia

25
Q

What are non pulmonary causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety, panic attacks
Fever
Inflammation of the CNS
Septicemia
Hepatic failure

26
Q

respiratory alkalosis signs and symptoms

A

deep rapid respirartions
respiratory rate of above 40
light headedness
dizziness
tingling of arms or hands
weakness
cardiac arrythmias

27
Q

SaO2

A

percent of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
95% ideal

28
Q

PaO2

A

amount of oxygen dissolved in blood serum

29
Q

Co2

A

normally 35-46 mmHg

30
Q

What are some diagnostics test you can take to check oxygenation levels

A

Sputum specimen, ABGs, pulse ox, pulmonary function test

31
Q

Interventions for oxygenation to promote

A

high fowler position, deep breathing exercises, monitoring activity tolerance: are they able to walk to bed or to the bathroom, promoting secretion clearance, suctioning, O purse lip breathing

32
Q

What are some pharmacological therapies for oxygenation

A

Albuterol(Ventolin) : opens airways
Inhaled corticosteroid: helps with inflammation swelling
Atrovent

33
Q

What are the factors that affect tissue oxygenation

A

The environment: altitude, heat/cold, air pollution
Development factors such as age
lifestyle factors: nutrition, exercise, smoker, anxiety and stress

34
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

Deep, rapid exhalations that affect acid-base balance
Occurs metabolic acidosis

35
Q

Biot respirations

A

Shallow breathing with periods of apnea
Occurs with CNS disorders

Nursing 1st Fall Semester (41 decks)

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