Oxygenation!

Question 1

Hypoxia

Answer 1

Decreased level of O2 in tissues
Signs= increased restlessness, irritability, unexplained sudden confusion, rapid heart rate and rapid respiratory rate

Question 2

Hypoxemia

Answer 2

Decreased level of O2 in blood, can lead to hypoxia if left untreated

Question 3

Ventilation

Answer 3

Mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Passive exchange of oxygen and CO2 between areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

The process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissue

Question 6

Inspiration

Answer 6

Diaphragm contracts and flattens as air field the lungs

Question 7

Expiration

Answer 7

Diaphragm relaxes abd moves upward as the air is expelled

Question 8

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 8

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 9

Tidal volume

Answer 9

Amount of air that moves in and out in one breath

Question 10

Eupnea

Answer 10

Normal breathing

Question 11

Apnea

Answer 11

no breathing, respiratory arrest

Question 12

Dyspnea

Answer 12

Labored breathing or shortness of breath that is painful

Question 13

Orthopnea

Answer 13

Labored when laying flat

Question 14

Polypnea

Answer 14

panting

Question 15

Tachypnea

Answer 15

rapid breathing
RR= more then 20 breaths/minute

Question 16

Bradypnea

Answer 16

slow breathing
RR= less then 10 breaths/minute

Question 17

Hyperventilation

Answer 17

deep, rapid breathing

Question 18

Hypoventilation

Answer 18

abnormally slow respiration

Question 19

Cheyenne-stokes

Answer 19

Deep, rapid breathing and slow shallow breathing with periods of apnea

Question 20

HGB levels

Answer 20

female: 12-16 g/dL
male: 14-18 g/dL

Question 21

How much oxygen does is delivered: nasal cannula, oxygen mask, Venturi mask, partial rebreather

Answer 21

nasal cannula: 24-45%
oxygen mask: 40-60%
venturi mask: 20-50%
partial rebreather: 60-90%

Question 22

What is respiratory acidosis & it’s causes

Answer 22

Retention of CO2
Arterial ph below 7.35
increased carbonic acid levels
Caused by hypoventillation, airway obstruction, medullary trauma or tumor, chest injury, cardiac arrest, CNS depressant

Question 23

Respiratory acidosis signs and symptoms

Answer 23

Headache, Dyspnea, Fine tremors, Tachycardia, Hypertension, Depressed Reflexes

Question 24

What is respiratory alkalosis & its causes

Answer 24

Caused by hyperventilation
pH greater than 7.45
Low plasma levels
Caused by hyperventilation due to acute asthma, PVD or Pneumonia

Question 25

What are non pulmonary causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 25

Anxiety, panic attacks Fever Inflammation of the CNS Septicemia Hepatic failure

Question 26

respiratory alkalosis signs and symptoms

Answer 26

deep rapid respirartions respiratory rate of above 40 light headedness dizziness tingling of arms or hands weakness cardiac arrythmias

Question 27

SaO2

Answer 27

percent of oxygen bound to hemoglobin 95% ideal

Question 28

PaO2

Answer 28

amount of oxygen dissolved in blood serum

Question 29

Co2

Answer 29

normally 35-46 mmHg

Question 30

What are some diagnostics test you can take to check oxygenation levels

Answer 30

Sputum specimen, ABGs, pulse ox, pulmonary function test

Question 31

Interventions for oxygenation to promote

Answer 31

high fowler position, deep breathing exercises, monitoring activity tolerance: are they able to walk to bed or to the bathroom, promoting secretion clearance, suctioning, O purse lip breathing

Question 32

What are some pharmacological therapies for oxygenation

Answer 32

Albuterol(Ventolin) : opens airways Inhaled corticosteroid: helps with inflammation swelling Atrovent

Question 33

What are the factors that affect tissue oxygenation

Answer 33

The environment: altitude, heat/cold, air pollution Development factors such as age lifestyle factors: nutrition, exercise, smoker, anxiety and stress

Question 34

Kussmaul breathing

Answer 34

Deep, rapid exhalations that affect acid-base balance Occurs metabolic acidosis

Question 35

Biot respirations

Answer 35

Shallow breathing with periods of apnea Occurs with CNS disorders