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Nursing 1st Fall Semester > Sensory > Flashcards

Sensory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sensory perception & what does it involve

A

The process of receiving stimuli or data, involves conscious organization of data or stimuli into meaningful information
Involves External and Internal stimuli

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2
Q

What is involved in external stimuli

A

Visual:vision
Auditory:hearing
Olfactory:smell
Gustatory:taste
Tactile:tiuch

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3
Q

What is involved in internal stimuli

A

Kinesthetic and visceral: Basic internal orienting systems
and Stereognosis: The perception of solidity of objects

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4
Q

What are the 4 aspects of the sensory process

A

Stimulus, Receptor, Impulse conduction and Perception

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5
Q

What is cognition

A

The process by which the individual learns, stores, retrieves and uses information

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6
Q

What is awareness

A

The ability of perceive environmental stimuli and respond through thought and action

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7
Q

What congenital and heredity conditions are risk factors: Age group

A

PREMATURE INFANTS
50% of hearing loss
Blindess: congenital cataracts
Visual and healing disturbances due to fetal alcohol syndrome
Auditory processing disorder; difficulty differentiating individual sounds in words

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8
Q

In older adults, who is more at risk for visual disorders

A

AFRICAN AMERICANS & HISPANICS
Open angle cataracts
AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVES
Prone to visual impairment due to refractive error

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9
Q

What illnesses can become risk factors

A

Artherosclerosis
Hypertension
Strokes
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus ( can cause blindness)
Maternal diabetes
Repeated bouts of otitis media in children

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10
Q

What are nonspecific alterations & some common ones

A

May result from aging, genetic factors, underlying illness and lifestyle factors
vertigo, color blindess, impaired olfaction, taste disturbances

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11
Q

What is a Refractive error

A

Vision problem where reading material must be held at a distance in order to focus
Reading glasses or bifocals are needed

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12
Q

What is presbyopia

A

Permanent loss of visual accommodation of the crystalline lens of the eye that occurs with age

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13
Q

What is a Cataract

A

The clumping of lens protein causing an opacity or cloudiness of the lens
Accumulates a yellow-brown pigment
Increased by aging
Leading cause of disability in the US

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14
Q

What are some Indications of Cataracts

A

Painless, blurry vision
Sensitivity to glare
Reduced visual acuity
Myopic shift, astigmatism, double vision and color shifts may also occur

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15
Q

How would you go about caring for impaired patients

A

Teach patient self care behaviors
Acknowledge your presence in the room
Speak in a normal tone, calmly and directly
Explain reasoning to touching patient before doing so
Keep the call light within reach
Orient the patient to sounds in the environment
Assist in ambulation
Stay in the patients field of vision

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16
Q

Specific examples for hearing impairs patients

A

Decrease background noises before speaking
Check the patients hearing aid
Position yourself so light is on your face
Use sign language if needed
Write anything out that you can’t convey in another manner

17
Q

How would you go about communicating with an unconscious patient

A

Be careful what is said in the patients presence, hearing is the last sense that is lost
Assume that the patient can hear you and talk in a normal tone
Speak to the patient before touching
Keep environment noises at a low level

18
Q

What can you do to help prevent deterioration of senses

A

Incorporate environmental stimuli!!!

19
Q

Risk factors

A

smoking, UV light exposure, medications, stress, isolation, injuries

20
Q

What is sensory overload

A

Experiencing so much sensory that the brain is unable to respond meaningfully or just ignores the stimuli

21
Q

What is sensory deprivation

A

Environment has decreased stimuli, impaired ability to receive any stimuli
Effects: Perceptual, cognitive and emotional disturbances

22
Q

Hearing screenings

A

Newborns are routinely screened
Preschoolers & school-age kids are screened periodically at school/healthcare provider
Adults every 10 years until the age of 50, then every 3 years after that

23
Q

Vision screenings

A

Children btwn 3-5 are screened at least once
Comprehension eye exam is done at age 40
adults with no illnesses:
every 2-4 years for 40-54 yr olds
every 1-3 years for ages 55-64
every 1-2 years for ages 65 and above

24
Q

Assessment: Observation & patient interview

A

vision: look for glasses, squinting, clouds cornea
hearing: hearing aids, sign language
Get through history of any current sensory function deficits or any recent changes
Assess for chronic diseases or illnesses and any medications
Ask questions to get data about all senses

25
Q

Assessment: Mental status examination

A

Any mental changes, history of mood disorder or delirium
Assess for problems with level of consciousness, orientation, memory or attention span

26
Q

Assessment: Patients at risk

A

altered mobility, multiple comorbidities( diabetes, heart problems, dizziness, arthritis, breathing and joint problems), are older, involved in contact sports and those who smoke
In vision: DM,Heart problems,Breathing problems,Joint problems
In hearing:DM,Dizziness,Arthiritis

27
Q

Assessment: Patients environment

A

Assess for quantity, quality and type of stimuli
Assess for their support networks, do they live alone, have visitors, are there signs of social deprivation?

28
Q

Assessment: Physical examination

A

Assess all the senses and if patient uses any devices and do those devices function properly and is patient complaint in using them
vision: eye chart, if they were contacts or glasses. pen movements
hearing: look at internal ear structure, do whisper test
smell: swab vanilla
tactile: stereognosis, kinesthesia

29
Q

What are some overall independent interventions

A

Focusing on education, injury, prevention and wellness
Teach patient about appropriate medications and the effective use of any assistive device

30
Q

managing acute sensory deficits

A

Encourage the use of sensory aids
Promote using other senses
Ensure safety
Adapt to limits imposed by sensory loss ( if visually impaired, enjoy music, podcasts, audiobooks, If hearing impaired, enjoy emails and texts instead of calling )

31
Q

Preventing sensory overload

A

reducing the number and type of stimuli & organizing stimuli
( visual= use uv protection, hearing=use earplugs & soft background music )

32
Q

preventing sensory deprivation

A

read, touch objects, have clocks present for patient, encourage visitors, allow fragrant plants or fresh flowers

33
Q

promoting effective coping

A

vision impaired: have increased risk for depression, promote safe surroundings (clear pathways, make sure good lighting is visible, call light in reach )
hearing impaired: make sure they have devices that can amplify sound for them, or that will respond to sound with lights, and make sure tv has closed captions
smelling impaired: make sure no dangerous cleaning chemicals are around, make sure gas is working fine and in order, inspect food for freshness and safety
touch impaired: they can’t feel if something is hot so watch out for that, adjust temperatures of water to avoid burns, prevent pressure ulcers

34
Q

Collaborative intervantions

A

Eye doctor, Hearing doctor, PT and OT, sign language, surgery for eye disease or eye muscle surgery, Surgery for polyps snd deviated septum
Medication if needed ( medicated eye drops, meds for infection, drops for dryness )

35
Q

Life span considerations for pregnant women

A

Tinnitus, Vertigo, Heightened sense of smell: nausea, food cravings

Nursing 1st Fall Semester (41 decks)

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