Reproduction

Question 1

Sexual rights

Answer 1

Right to sexual freedom
Right to sexual autonomy, integrity, privacy and equity
Right to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
Right to sexual education
Right to make free and responsible reproductive choices

Question 2

Epidimiology of sexual health

Answer 2

357 million new infections of curable STI’s occur each year
Incidence is highest in younger adults ages 15-24
Women have higher rates of ghonnorea
Men have higher rates of chlymadia and syphillis

Question 3

How would you go about interviewing men

Answer 3

Conduc during health screening
Preceded physical examination
MEdical history, chronic conditions
Current problem
Medications
Family history
Lifestyle stressors
Sexual choices, behaviors

Question 4

How would you go about interviewing women

Answer 4

Same as men except you would ask about menstra; and childbirth history and medications/ use of birth control

Question 5

STI’s

Answer 5

Sexually transmitted infections
Transmitted by vaginal, oral, and anal intimate contact and intercourse
CAN BE TREATED AND CURED

Question 6

STD’s

Answer 6

Sexually transmitted disease
MANANGED NOT CURED
HPV, HSV, HIV

Question 7

Describe STI’s

Answer 7

Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and parasites
Prevented by using latex condoms
Transmitted during heterosexual and homosexual activities
For treatment to be effective, sexual partners of infected individual must also be treated

Question 8

What are the risk factors to STI’s

Answer 8

Multiple sexual partners
Sex with someone who has sex with many people
Exchange of sex for money or drugs
Poverty, unemployment and low education
Young men and women under 25 years of age
Drug or alcohol use that lowers inhibitions

Question 9

Prevention and control is based on what

Answer 9

Education, detection, effective diagnosis, treatment of infected, treatment and counseling of sex partners of people infected

Question 10

5 P’s in obtaining a sexual history

Answer 10

Parnters
Practice
Protection from STI’s
Past history of STI
Prevention of pregancy

Question 11

What are some STI’s

Answer 11

Herpes
Chlymadia
Gonorrhea
Syphillis

Question 12

HPV

Answer 12

Human Papillomavirus
Most common STI in US, 40 types
Genital warts, painless, soft, raised or flat, large or small, flesh colored
Causative agent in many genital cancers
Women are at greater risks ( larger mucosa area )
Majority infected are asymptomatic
Incubation period of 3 weeks-3 months

Question 13

Diagnosis to HPV

Answer 13

Based on clinical appearance
Pap tests identify
No drug cure to HPV
Warts removed with treatment applied
Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines prevent

Question 14

Genital Herpes

Answer 14

Caused by herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2
Most caused by HSV-2
Most commonly found in young, sexually active adults and are associated with early onset of sexual activity
2-12 days after exposure painful red papule appear on genital area—-small blisters filled with clear fluids form right after

Question 15

Genital herpes diagnosis

Answer 15

first outbreak average 2-4 weeks
reaccurent infections are less severe and shorter duration
No cure, only relief of symptoms to prevent spread
Acyclovir helps reduce length and severity

Question 16

Chlamydia

Answer 16

Caused by chlamydia trachomatis
Most commonly REPORTED bacterial STI in the US
Asymptomatic in most women until uterus, Fallopian tubes have been invaded
90% of men asymptomatic

Question 17

Chlamydia diagnosis

Answer 17

Dysuria, urinary frequency and discharge= manifestations
Untreated can ascend to upper reproductive tract;PID
Treated with antibiotics, Zithromax and Addax
Both partners must be treated at the same time

Question 18

Gonorrhea

Answer 18

Caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae, gram - diplococcus
African Americans have higher rates then non-hispanic whites
Causes inflammation
Transmitted through intercourse and delivery of baby passing through infected birth canal
In men=acute painful epididymis, glands
In women=PID, endometritis

Question 19

Gonorrhea diagnosis

Answer 19

In men=dysuria, serous, milky discharge from penis
In women=dysuria, urinary frequency, abdominal menses, increased vaginal discharge
Can lead to blinds, infection of joints and sterility
Dual treatment of ceftiaxone and a single dose of azithromycin

Question 20

Syphilis

Answer 20

Incubation period ranges from 12-90 days, averaging 21 days
Four clinical stages

Question 21

Primary syphilis

Answer 21

Apperacne of chancre, regional enlargement of lymph nodes, little or no pain= 3-4 weeks after infectious contact

Question 22

secondary syphilis

Answer 22

Systemic
Rash on palm and soles of feet, mucus membrane in oral cavity, sore throat, flu like symptoms
Disappears within 2-6 weeks

Question 23

Latent syphilis

Answer 23

No sypmtoms
Sexual transmission possible in early stages
May last 1 year to a lifetime

Question 24

Tertiary syphilis

Answer 24

Two types of late-stage syphilis
Benign late syphilis=rapid onset
Cardiovascular syphilis=can be treated but much damage irreversable

Question 25

Syphilis diagnosis

Answer 25

complex
Darkfield microscopy
Educate patient about how to prevent reinfection or further transmission
Pharmacologic therapy- Antibiotics

Question 26

Important maternal-newborn considerations

Answer 26

All pregnant women should be tested for STI’s including HIV as part of medical care routine
Maternal complications generally occur during pregnancy and for the child shortly after

Question 27

STI’s in children

Answer 27

Diagnosis in children under 10 years old is suggestive of sexual abuse
Examination and specimen collection should be conducted by a clinician with experience in child sexual abuse
Treatment based on test results and accompanied by counseling

Question 28

STI’s in adolescents

Answer 28

Increased risk especially in females
They may be concerned about confidentiality and may not trust local clinics
Important to discuss sexual behavior, infection risk, and safer sex practices
Vaccinations for HPV and hepatitis A and B

Question 29

STI’s in older adults

Answer 29

Many won’t think of them as sexually active and wont assess for STI or provide education which then delays diagnosis
Higher risk of infection
May not believe themselves to be at risk, so educate

Question 30

Nursing diagnosis’s

Answer 30

Acute pain, sexual dysfunction and knowledge deficit

Question 31

Planning

Answer 31

Describe strategies for reducing risks
Plan to contact anyone who may have been exposed
Abstain from sexual activity until STI is resolved
Pain control

Question 32

Implementation

Answer 32

Care in the community
Counsel patients about disease
Discuss available antiviral therapies
Arrange follow up visits