Tissue Perfusion Flashcards
What is perfusion
The movement of blood
What is inadequate blood supply & perfusion
Ischemia, heart doesn’t get good blood supply
What is blood flow
Cardiac output, the volume of blood that circulates through the system
Cardic output equation
Heart RatexStroke Rate OR
Mean Arterial Pressure/Resistance
Mean Arterial Pressure
COxR
What are the indicators of adequate perfusion
Strong peripheral pulses
Blood pressure is within acceptable range
NO mental status deficits, cyanosis, pallor, dyspnea or edema
no JVD
Skin is warm and dry not cool and clammy
Urine output is 30 mm/hour
What is cyanosis
Blue coloration of the skin
What is pallor
No color of skin
What is JVD look like
Popping out of the veins when laying down
Sign of heart failure
What does clubbing look like
Nails are angled and have blue coloration
What is stroke volume
The preload, how much blood is in the cavity of the heart
What is afterload
Force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood volume
What is the pulse
Represents a heart beat
peripheral pulse and apical pulse
strong=good perfusion
weak=bad perfusion
What factors can affect heart rate
Age, older you are the higher it is
Gender, women have a higher one
Exercise
fever
medication
stress
position, lower heart rate laying down
hypovolemia
pathology
What is arterial pressure
Measure of pressure of blood flow through arteries
Give an overall summary of blood pressure
Recorded as a fraction:systolic, blood comes out, over diastolic, ventricles at rest,
typical in healthy adults: 120/80
but can vary considerably among individuals
What is elevated blood pressure and hypertension
Elevated is 120 to 129/80
hypertension is anything from 130 to 140/80 to 90
How do you find the mean arterial pressure
Systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure x 2/3
What is resistance
The opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood in the walls of blood vessels the higher
the resistance to lower the blood flow
What does resistance depend on
Size of the blood vessel lumen, how vasodilator or vessel restricted it is
Blood viscosity
Total blood vessel length
What are the medications for hypertension
HCTZ, losartan, captopril, metoprolol, nefedipine
HCTZ
Diuretic decreases blood volume, orthostatic hypotension
Increased blood sugar
s.e= Dizziness, weakness, hypokelemia and ED
Losartan
Vasodilator, decreases R
s.e= dizziness, headaches, nausea, vomitting, diarrea
Captopril
ACE inhibitor vasodilator, decreases R
s.e= dizziness, salty taste, cough, fast heartbeat, tiredness