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Medical Terminology > Unit 8 for Brainscape - Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes, Abbreviations 2024 > Flashcards

Unit 8 for Brainscape - Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes, Abbreviations 2024 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

a–

A

not

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2
Q

af–

A

going into

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3
Q

an–

A

not

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4
Q

ana–

A

up, throughout, again

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5
Q

anti–

A

against (an action)

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6
Q

auto–

A

self

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7
Q

baro–

A

weight; pressure

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8
Q

bi–

A

two, double

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9
Q

brady–

A

slow

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10
Q

con–

A

together, with

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11
Q

de–

A

from, down, out

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12
Q

dia–

A

between

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13
Q

dys–

A

bad

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14
Q

endo–

A

inside

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15
Q

epi–

A

on top of

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16
Q

hemi–

A

half

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17
Q

hyper–

A

too much

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18
Q

hypo–
(before process)

A

too little

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19
Q

inter–

A

between

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20
Q

isch–

A

keep back

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21
Q

iso–

A

equal

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22
Q

mega–

A

large

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23
Q

micro–

A

small

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24
Q

mono–

A

one

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25
Q

oligo–

A

several; a handful

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26
Q

pan–

A

all; everything or everyone

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27
Q

peri–

A

around

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28
Q

pluri–

A

more than one; several

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29
Q

poly–

A

many; too much

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30
Q

pre–

A

in front of

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31
Q

pro–

A

in front of; in favor of

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32
Q

re–

A

again

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33
Q

semi–

A

half

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34
Q

sub–

A

an underlayer; support

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35
Q

tachy–

A

fast

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36
Q

tel–

A

an end; complete

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37
Q

trans–

A

through

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38
Q

tri–

A

three

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39
Q

abdomin

A

belly

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40
Q

ability

A

capacity to do something

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41
Q

adapt

A

change

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42
Q

aden
aden/o

A

gland

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43
Q

albumin

A

protein found in egg white; major blood protein

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44
Q

amine

A

chemical group containing nitrogen

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45
Q

aneurysm

A

dilation of an artery

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46
Q

ang
ang/i
ang/i/o

A

vessel

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47
Q

angina

A

chest pain

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48
Q

aort
aort/o

A

the large vessel leading from the heart

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49
Q

apex

A

the highest point

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50
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood components

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51
Q

append

A

hanging upon, used in the name of the vermiform (“wormlike”) appendix, usually shortened to “appendix”

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52
Q

arrest

A

to stop

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53
Q

arter
arter/i
arter/i/o

A

artery

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54
Q

ather
ather/o

A

plaque in an artery

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55
Q

atri
atrio
atrium

A

the chamber of the heart where blood first enters (by analogy to the atrium of a Roman villa)

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56
Q

axilla

A

armpit

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57
Q

baso

A

a chemical which accepts a hydrogen ion

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58
Q

bili

A

bile

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59
Q

body

A

protein molecule

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60
Q

brach
brach/i
brach/io

A

arm (thanks, Jay!)

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61
Q

capill[us]

A

small blood vessel

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62
Q

card
card/i
card/i/o

A

heart

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63
Q

catheter

A

tube used to gain access to the urethra or a blood vessel

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64
Q

cava

A

cave

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65
Q

cephal

A

head

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66
Q

chol

A

bile

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67
Q

chordæ tendineæ

A

cords (strings) + tendon

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68
Q

circula

A

going around in a circle

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69
Q

circum

A

going around

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70
Q

clav[icula]

A

clavicle

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71
Q

clon[e]

A

exact (genetically identical) copy of a cell or organism

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72
Q

coagul
coagul/a
coagul/o

A

clot

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73
Q

compatible

A

getting along with

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74
Q

competent

A

capable of doing something

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75
Q

compromise

A

weaken (in this context)

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76
Q

concave

A

bent inward

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77
Q

conduct

A

carry electricity

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78
Q

congest

A

accumulation of material

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79
Q

constric
constrict

A

make an opening smaller

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80
Q

continu

A

ongoing

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81
Q

contract

A

make a muscle shorter

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82
Q

coron

A

like a crown; blood vessels which encircle the heart

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83
Q

crit

A

judge; measure to analyze

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84
Q

cuspid

A

pointed end (as of a tooth or a heart valve)

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85
Q

cyan

A

blue

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86
Q

cyt
cyte
cyt/o

A

cell

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87
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heart cycle

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88
Q

dilate

A

to make an opening larger

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89
Q

diuresis
diuret

A

excessive urine production

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90
Q

duct

A

tube

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91
Q

echo

A

return of sound waves

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92
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid production

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93
Q

effusion

A

pouring out of

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94
Q

electr/o

A

pertaining to the flow of electrical charges

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95
Q

ellipto

A

shaped like an oval

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96
Q

embol
embolus

A

arterial blockage

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97
Q

enzyme

A

protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the cell

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98
Q

eosin/o

A

red stain used to visualize structures in cells; also referred to as acid

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99
Q

erythro

A

red

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100
Q

esophag

A

esophagus (tube from the mouth to the stomach)

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101
Q

externa

A

outermost

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102
Q

extrinsic

A

outside of

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103
Q

femor
femur

A

thigh

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104
Q

fenestra

A

window

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105
Q

fibr
fibre

A

fiber

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106
Q

fibrill

A

fluttering; rapid beating

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107
Q

flex

A

bend

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108
Q

fusion

A

joining together

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109
Q

gest

A

carrying (a baby)

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110
Q

glob

A

glob

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111
Q

glycer

A

sugar

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112
Q

granule
granul/o

A

particle; microscopic cell structures that resemble small grains of sand

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113
Q

gurgita[re]

A

flood

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114
Q

hapten

A

molecule that fastens other molecules together

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115
Q

hem
hem/at
hem/at/o
hem/o

A

blood

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116
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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117
Q

hist
hist/o

A

tissue

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118
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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119
Q

ilia

A

flank

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120
Q

immun
immun/o

A

defensive system of the body which protects against foreign invaders

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121
Q

inflamma

A

literally, “on fire”; the body’s non-specific response to real or perceived invasion

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122
Q

inguin

A

groin

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123
Q

innate

A

something that one knows already; not learned

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124
Q

intercalate

A

inserted between

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125
Q

interstit
interstit/i

A

the space between

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126
Q

intima

A

innermost

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127
Q

intrinsic

A

internal; built-in

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128
Q

jugul

A

referring to the collarbone & neck

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129
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus of the cell

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130
Q

kine

A

movement or action

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131
Q

lapar/o

A

belly; abdomen

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132
Q

laps[e]

A

fall forward

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133
Q

leuk
leuk/o

A

white

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134
Q

lith

A

stone

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135
Q

lunar

A

shaped like the moon

136
Q

lymph
lymph/o

A

vessels that drain fluid from around the cells

137
Q

macro

A

large

138
Q

mandibul

A

jawbone

139
Q

mano

A

pressure

140
Q

margin

A

edge; border

141
Q

media

A

middle

142
Q

mediastinum

A

cavity that encloses the heart, the major vessels of the heart, and the thymus

143
Q

mitr[a]

A

a type of hat, with a crease in the center, worn by Roman Catholic bishops; the mitral valve is named for its resemblance to this hat

144
Q

murmur

A

rumbling sound

145
Q

myel
myel/o

A

marrow (in this context, bone marrow)

146
Q

myo

A

muscle

147
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

148
Q

neutr/o

A

neither acid nor base; referring to Wright’s stain for blood cells which uses hematoxylin (base) and eosin (acid)

149
Q

nitr/o

A

chemical group containing nitrogen

150
Q

norm/o

A

normal

151
Q

nucl/e

A

the cell nucleus

152
Q

opson[in]

A

a substance that makes bacteria more susceptible to immune attack

153
Q

oxygen

A

a chemical element necessary for cell metabolism

154
Q

palpita

A

trembling or quivering

155
Q

pector

A

chest

156
Q

perfor[ate]

A

poke holes in

157
Q

perfu

A

flood throughout

158
Q

petechia

A

small, red spots on the skin

159
Q

phage
phago

A

eat

160
Q

phil

A

love

161
Q

phleb
phleb/o

A

vein

162
Q

phoresis

A

movement of particles

163
Q

phylaxis

A

protection; safeguard

164
Q

placenta

A

shared organ between a mother and a fetus

165
Q

plasm
plasm/a

A

liquid part of the blood, including clotting factors

166
Q

plast

A

mold or shape (compare the suffix –plasty, meaning surgical alteration)

167
Q

plat

A

flat

168
Q

platelet

A

the cell fragment responsible for blood clotting; “little flat thing”; same as thrombocyte

169
Q

poikilo

A

taking on many different shapes

170
Q

poplite[us]

A

inside of the knee

171
Q

potent

A

the power to do something; in this context, the ability to make a particular cell type

172
Q

pressure

A

the force exerted by a liquid or gas on the walls of a vessel

173
Q

pulmon

A

lung

174
Q

receptor

A

a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell

175
Q

reticulo

A

like a little net

176
Q

rhythm
rrhythm

A

having a regular beat

177
Q

rub

A

red

178
Q

scler

A

hard

179
Q

sept
sept/o

A

wall separating two cavities

180
Q

septic

A

filled with microorganisms

181
Q

serum

A

fluid portion of blood with clotting components removed (e.g., the yellow fluid that exudes from a scraped knee after clotting has occurred)

182
Q

sin
sin/o

A

open space

183
Q

spasm

A

involuntary contraction

184
Q

sphero

A

sphere

185
Q

sphygmo

A

pulse

186
Q

spleen
splen
splen/o

A

spleen

187
Q

stasis
static

A

standing still

188
Q

sten

A

blockage

189
Q

steroid

A

lipid signaling molecule based on cholesterol

190
Q

stom

A

mouth

191
Q

striat[us]

A

having stripes

192
Q

restrict

A

restrict, bind, draw together, hold back

193
Q

suscita

A

give life to

194
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heart cycle

195
Q

tamponade

A

plug up; smash into

196
Q

tens

A

stretched

197
Q

thorac

A

chest

198
Q

thromb
thromb/o

A

clot

199
Q

thym
thym/o

A

thymus

200
Q

titer

A

amount of an antibody needed to have a desired effect

201
Q

ton

A

strength; tone

202
Q

tonsil
tonsil/l

A

organs that trap and kill germs in the throat

203
Q

tope

A

place

204
Q

tox

A

poison

205
Q

troph

A

nourishment, growth

206
Q

tunica

A

tunic, coat

207
Q

umbilic[us]

A

cord connecting the placenta to the baby

208
Q

vagus

A

the nerve that innervates many thoracic and abdominal organs

209
Q

valv
valv/o
valvul
valvul/o

A

valve

210
Q

varic
varic/o

A

dilated vein

211
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, tube, duct

212
Q

vascul

A

little vessel

213
Q

vegeta

A

growth

214
Q

vein
ven
vena
ven/o

A

vein

215
Q

ventr
ventric/ul
ventric/ulo

A

diminutive of ventrum, “belly”; so “little belly”

216
Q

ver

A

turn

217
Q

vol

A

volume

218
Q

zygon

A

yoked, paired

219
Q

–al

A

pertaining to

220
Q

–algia

A

pain

221
Q

–amine

A

chemical group

222
Q

–ant

A

word ending that indicates a substance having that property

223
Q

–ar

A

pertaining to

224
Q

–ary

A

pertaining to

225
Q

–ase

A

name for an enzyme, a protein or RNA molecule which promotes the forming or breaking of chemical bonds

226
Q

–ated

A

having that quality

227
Q

–centesis

A

puncture

228
Q

–dynia

A

pain

229
Q

–eal

A

pertaining to

230
Q

–eau

A

ending used in some words of French origin

231
Q

–ectasia

A

dilated condition

232
Q

–ectasis

A

dilation

233
Q

–ectomy

A

cutting out of

234
Q

–em

A

present in blood (shortening of [h]em[e])

235
Q

–emia

A

present in blood, indicating disease

236
Q

–esis

A

process

237
Q

–gen

A

arising from

238
Q

–genesis

A

the process of creating

239
Q

–genic

A

giving rise to

240
Q

–gram

A

a record of a test or procedure

241
Q

–graphy

A

a test or procedure

242
Q

–ia

A

disease

243
Q

–iac

A

pertaining to

244
Q

–ial

A

pertaining to

245
Q

–ic

A

pertaining to

246
Q

–icle

A

diminutive suffix

247
Q

–ile

A

word ending meaning “able to”

248
Q

–in

A

chemical name ending for a protein

249
Q

–ion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

250
Q

–is

A

anatomical structure

251
Q

–ism

A

belief; process word ending

252
Q

–ist

A

someone who studies

253
Q

–itis

A

inflammation

254
Q

–ity

A

turns a noun into a state of being

255
Q

–ium

A

word ending for an anatomical structure

256
Q

–ive

A

to go

257
Q

–ize

A

to make; cause to become

258
Q

–ization

A

the process of making or causing to become

259
Q

–logist

A

one who studies

260
Q

–logy

A

study of

261
Q

–lysis

A

breaking down; destroying

262
Q

–malacia

A

softening due to disease

263
Q

–megaly

A

enlargement due to disease

264
Q

–meter

A

instrument for measuring

265
Q

–oid

A

looks like; resembles

266
Q

–ole

A

diminutive suffix

267
Q

–oma

A

tumor

268
Q

–one

A

chemical name ending

269
Q

–or

A

substance or muscle which has that action

270
Q

–ose

A

having that quality

271
Q

–osis

A

process

272
Q

–osus

A

Latin word ending

273
Q

–ous

A

word ending that turns a noun into an adjective

274
Q

–pathy

A

disease process

275
Q

–penia

A

low levels of

276
Q

–pexy

A

surgical fixation

277
Q

–plasia

A

the process of molding or growing

278
Q

–plasty

A

surgical revision

279
Q

–poiesis

A

creation process

280
Q

–ptosis

A

drooping

281
Q

–rrhage

A

bursting forth

282
Q

–rrhaphy

A

suturing

283
Q

–rrhexis

A

rupture

284
Q

–scope

A

instrument for looking inside

285
Q

–scopy

A

the process of looking inside

286
Q

–sion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

287
Q

–stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of an opening

288
Q

stomy

A

creating an opening (or “mouth”) with surgery

289
Q

–tion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

290
Q

–tomy

A

cutting

291
Q

–us

A

anatomical structure word ending

292
Q

–y

A

disease

293
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

294
Q

A-Fib

A

atrial fibrillation

295
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

296
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

297
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

298
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

299
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

300
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

301
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

302
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

303
Q

CA

A

cardiac arrest

304
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

305
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

306
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

307
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization

308
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

309
Q

CLL

A

chronic lymphoblastic leukemia

310
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

311
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

312
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

313
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

314
Q

ECG
EKG

A

electrocardiogram

315
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

316
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

317
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

318
Q

HR

A

heart rate

319
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena cava

320
Q

IVIg

A

intravenous immunoglobulin

321
Q

IVS

A

interventricular septum

322
Q

LA

A

left atrium

323
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

324
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

325
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

326
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

327
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

328
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

329
Q

RA

A

right atrium

330
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

331
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

332
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

333
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

334
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

335
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

336
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

337
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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