Unit 8 for Brainscape - Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes, Abbreviations 2024 Flashcards
a–
not
af–
going into
an–
not
ana–
up, throughout, again
anti–
against (an action)
auto–
self
baro–
weight; pressure
bi–
two, double
brady–
slow
con–
together, with
de–
from, down, out
dia–
between
dys–
bad
endo–
inside
epi–
on top of
hemi–
half
hyper–
too much
hypo–
(before process)
too little
inter–
between
isch–
keep back
iso–
equal
mega–
large
micro–
small
mono–
one
oligo–
several; a handful
pan–
all; everything or everyone
peri–
around
pluri–
more than one; several
poly–
many; too much
pre–
in front of
pro–
in front of; in favor of
re–
again
semi–
half
sub–
an underlayer; support
tachy–
fast
tel–
an end; complete
trans–
through
tri–
three
abdomin
belly
ability
capacity to do something
adapt
change
aden
aden/o
gland
albumin
protein found in egg white; major blood protein
amine
chemical group containing nitrogen
aneurysm
dilation of an artery
ang
ang/i
ang/i/o
vessel
angina
chest pain
aort
aort/o
the large vessel leading from the heart
apex
the highest point
apheresis
separation of blood components
append
hanging upon, used in the name of the vermiform (“wormlike”) appendix, usually shortened to “appendix”
arrest
to stop
arter
arter/i
arter/i/o
artery
ather
ather/o
plaque in an artery
atri
atrio
atrium
the chamber of the heart where blood first enters (by analogy to the atrium of a Roman villa)
axilla
armpit
baso
a chemical which accepts a hydrogen ion
bili
bile
body
protein molecule
brach
brach/i
brach/io
arm (thanks, Jay!)
capill[us]
small blood vessel
card
card/i
card/i/o
heart
catheter
tube used to gain access to the urethra or a blood vessel
cava
cave
cephal
head
chol
bile
chordæ tendineæ
cords (strings) + tendon
circula
going around in a circle
circum
going around
clav[icula]
clavicle
clon[e]
exact (genetically identical) copy of a cell or organism
coagul
coagul/a
coagul/o
clot
compatible
getting along with
competent
capable of doing something
compromise
weaken (in this context)
concave
bent inward
conduct
carry electricity
congest
accumulation of material
constric
constrict
make an opening smaller
continu
ongoing
contract
make a muscle shorter
coron
like a crown; blood vessels which encircle the heart
crit
judge; measure to analyze
cuspid
pointed end (as of a tooth or a heart valve)
cyan
blue
cyt
cyte
cyt/o
cell
diastole
relaxation phase of the heart cycle
dilate
to make an opening larger
diuresis
diuret
excessive urine production
duct
tube
echo
return of sound waves
edema
excessive fluid production
effusion
pouring out of
electr/o
pertaining to the flow of electrical charges
ellipto
shaped like an oval
embol
embolus
arterial blockage
enzyme
protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the cell
eosin/o
red stain used to visualize structures in cells; also referred to as acid
erythro
red
esophag
esophagus (tube from the mouth to the stomach)
externa
outermost
extrinsic
outside of
femor
femur
thigh
fenestra
window
fibr
fibre
fiber
fibrill
fluttering; rapid beating
flex
bend
fusion
joining together
gest
carrying (a baby)
glob
glob
glycer
sugar
granule
granul/o
particle; microscopic cell structures that resemble small grains of sand
gurgita[re]
flood
hapten
molecule that fastens other molecules together
hem
hem/at
hem/at/o
hem/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hist
hist/o
tissue
hydr/o
water
ilia
flank
immun
immun/o
defensive system of the body which protects against foreign invaders
inflamma
literally, “on fire”; the body’s non-specific response to real or perceived invasion
inguin
groin
innate
something that one knows already; not learned
intercalate
inserted between
interstit
interstit/i
the space between
intima
innermost
intrinsic
internal; built-in
jugul
referring to the collarbone & neck
kary/o
nucleus of the cell
kine
movement or action
lapar/o
belly; abdomen
laps[e]
fall forward
leuk
leuk/o
white
lith
stone
lunar
shaped like the moon
lymph
lymph/o
vessels that drain fluid from around the cells
macro
large
mandibul
jawbone
mano
pressure
margin
edge; border
media
middle
mediastinum
cavity that encloses the heart, the major vessels of the heart, and the thymus
mitr[a]
a type of hat, with a crease in the center, worn by Roman Catholic bishops; the mitral valve is named for its resemblance to this hat
murmur
rumbling sound
myel
myel/o
marrow (in this context, bone marrow)
myo
muscle
nephr/o
kidney
neutr/o
neither acid nor base; referring to Wright’s stain for blood cells which uses hematoxylin (base) and eosin (acid)
nitr/o
chemical group containing nitrogen
norm/o
normal
nucl/e
the cell nucleus
opson[in]
a substance that makes bacteria more susceptible to immune attack
oxygen
a chemical element necessary for cell metabolism
palpita
trembling or quivering
pector
chest
perfor[ate]
poke holes in
perfu
flood throughout
petechia
small, red spots on the skin
phage
phago
eat
phil
love
phleb
phleb/o
vein
phoresis
movement of particles
phylaxis
protection; safeguard
placenta
shared organ between a mother and a fetus
plasm
plasm/a
liquid part of the blood, including clotting factors
plast
mold or shape (compare the suffix –plasty, meaning surgical alteration)
plat
flat
platelet
the cell fragment responsible for blood clotting; “little flat thing”; same as thrombocyte
poikilo
taking on many different shapes
poplite[us]
inside of the knee
potent
the power to do something; in this context, the ability to make a particular cell type
pressure
the force exerted by a liquid or gas on the walls of a vessel
pulmon
lung
receptor
a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell
reticulo
like a little net
rhythm
rrhythm
having a regular beat
rub
red
scler
hard
sept
sept/o
wall separating two cavities
septic
filled with microorganisms
serum
fluid portion of blood with clotting components removed (e.g., the yellow fluid that exudes from a scraped knee after clotting has occurred)
sin
sin/o
open space
spasm
involuntary contraction
sphero
sphere
sphygmo
pulse
spleen
splen
splen/o
spleen
stasis
static
standing still
sten
blockage
steroid
lipid signaling molecule based on cholesterol
stom
mouth
striat[us]
having stripes
restrict
restrict, bind, draw together, hold back
suscita
give life to
systole
contraction phase of the heart cycle
tamponade
plug up; smash into
tens
stretched
thorac
chest
thromb
thromb/o
clot
thym
thym/o
thymus
titer
amount of an antibody needed to have a desired effect
ton
strength; tone
tonsil
tonsil/l
organs that trap and kill germs in the throat
tope
place
tox
poison
troph
nourishment, growth
tunica
tunic, coat
umbilic[us]
cord connecting the placenta to the baby
vagus
the nerve that innervates many thoracic and abdominal organs
valv
valv/o
valvul
valvul/o
valve
varic
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel, tube, duct
vascul
little vessel
vegeta
growth
vein
ven
vena
ven/o
vein
ventr
ventric/ul
ventric/ulo
diminutive of ventrum, “belly”; so “little belly”
ver
turn
vol
volume
zygon
yoked, paired
–al
pertaining to
–algia
pain
–amine
chemical group
–ant
word ending that indicates a substance having that property
–ar
pertaining to
–ary
pertaining to
–ase
name for an enzyme, a protein or RNA molecule which promotes the forming or breaking of chemical bonds
–ated
having that quality
–centesis
puncture
–dynia
pain
–eal
pertaining to
–eau
ending used in some words of French origin
–ectasia
dilated condition
–ectasis
dilation
–ectomy
cutting out of
–em
present in blood (shortening of [h]em[e])
–emia
present in blood, indicating disease
–esis
process
–gen
arising from
–genesis
the process of creating
–genic
giving rise to
–gram
a record of a test or procedure
–graphy
a test or procedure
–ia
disease
–iac
pertaining to
–ial
pertaining to
–ic
pertaining to
–icle
diminutive suffix
–ile
word ending meaning “able to”
–in
chemical name ending for a protein
–ion
word ending that turns a verb into a noun
–is
anatomical structure
–ism
belief; process word ending
–ist
someone who studies
–itis
inflammation
–ity
turns a noun into a state of being
–ium
word ending for an anatomical structure
–ive
to go
–ize
to make; cause to become
–ization
the process of making or causing to become
–logist
one who studies
–logy
study of
–lysis
breaking down; destroying
–malacia
softening due to disease
–megaly
enlargement due to disease
–meter
instrument for measuring
–oid
looks like; resembles
–ole
diminutive suffix
–oma
tumor
–one
chemical name ending
–or
substance or muscle which has that action
–ose
having that quality
–osis
process
–osus
Latin word ending
–ous
word ending that turns a noun into an adjective
–pathy
disease process
–penia
low levels of
–pexy
surgical fixation
–plasia
the process of molding or growing
–plasty
surgical revision
–poiesis
creation process
–ptosis
drooping
–rrhage
bursting forth
–rrhaphy
suturing
–rrhexis
rupture
–scope
instrument for looking inside
–scopy
the process of looking inside
–sion
word ending that turns a verb into a noun
–stenosis
abnormal narrowing of an opening
stomy
creating an opening (or “mouth”) with surgery
–tion
word ending that turns a verb into a noun
–tomy
cutting
–us
anatomical structure word ending
–y
disease
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
A-Fib
atrial fibrillation
AV
atrioventricular
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AED
automated external defibrillator
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
ASD
atrial septal defect
BMT
bone marrow transplant
BP
blood pressure
CA
cardiac arrest
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CBC
complete blood count
CC
cardiac catheterization
CHF
congestive heart failure
CLL
chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
CO
cardiac output
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECHO
echocardiogram
ECG
EKG
electrocardiogram
Hct
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HR
heart rate
IVC
inferior vena cava
IVIg
intravenous immunoglobulin
IVS
interventricular septum
LA
left atrium
LV
left ventricle
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
PLT
platelet count
RA
right atrium
RBC
red blood cell
RV
right ventricle
SA
sinoatrial
SV
stroke volume
SVC
superior vena cava
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
VSD
ventricular septal defect
WBC
white blood cell
