Med Term Unit 5 Full Word List 2024 Flashcards
abduction
moving a limb or body part away from the midline
achondroplasia
failure in the development of cartilage (a type of dwarfism)
adactyly
absence of the fingers
adduction
moving a limb or body part toward the midline
agonist
the “prime mover”: the muscle primarily responsible for the movement being studied
amphiarthrotic
slightly moveable joint
analgesic
drug that reduces pain
ankylosing
causing to be stiff
ankylosis
a disease that makes bones or joints stiff
antagonist
a muscle that opposes the action of the agonist
antiarthritic
drug that reduces the symptoms of arthritis
anti-inflammatory
drug that reduces inflammation
antipyretic
drug that reduces fever
apophysis
outgrowth or protuberance on a bone
appendicular
part of the skeleton that is attached to the axial skeleton (i.e. the upper and lower extremities)
arthralgia
pain in the joints
arthrectomy
surgical removal of a joint
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint to remove fluid
arthroscope
device for examining the inside of a joint
arthrodesis
disease process binding a joint together
arthrodynia
pain in the joints
arthrodysplasia
bad formation of a joint
arthrogram
picture of a joint
arthrography
process for visualizing a joint
arthropathy
disease in a joint
arthroplasty
surgical modification of a joint
arthroscopic
pertaining to examination of a joint using an arthroscope
arthrotomy
cutting into a joint
articular
having to do with joints
ataxia
inability to walk
atrophy
failure to develop, or loss of a structure, due to lack of nourishment
axial
pertaining to the center of the body (cf. appendicular)
bradykinesia
slow movement
bursa
“purse”; a bag of synovial fluid that cushions a ligament or tendon that would otherwise rub against a bone
bursectomy
surgical removal of a bursa
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
bursotomy
cutting into a bursa
carpal
pertaining to the wrist bones
carpectomy
surgical removal of a wrist bone
carpitis
inflammation of a wrist bone
cervical
pertaining to the neck
cervicitis
inflammation of the neck
cervicodynia
pain in the neck
chondritis
inflammation of the cartilage
chondrodynia
pain in the cartilage
chondroma
tumor in the cartilage
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
chondroplasty
surgical modification of cartilage
circumduction
movement in a circle around a joint
condyle
knob on a bone
costal
pertaining to a rib
costalgia
pain in a rib
costectomy
surgical removal of a rib
costochondritis
inflammation of the rib and associated cartilage
craniectomy
surgical removal of a piece of the skull
craniomalacia
softening of the skull
craniometer
device for measuring the skull
craniosynostosis
disease where the skull bones of a child fuse too soon after birth
craniotomy
cutting into the skull
crepitation
crackling noise in the joints
dactylalgia
pain in the fingers
dactylitis
inflammation of the fingers
diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone
diarthrotic
freely moveable joint
dyskinesia
trouble with movement
dystaxia
trouble with walking
dystonia
trouble with muscle tone (strength)
eccentric
force applied to a muscle as it is getting longer
effusion
the process of fluid leaking out of a structure
electromyogram
record of the electrical activity of a muscle
electromyography
obtaining a record of the electrical activity of a muscle
endochondral
occurring inside of cartilage (refers to a type of bone development)
endomysium
the innermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle
epimysium
the outermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle
epiphysis
the ends of a long bone (distal epiphysis or proximal epiphysis)
epicondyle
a bump next to a knob on a bone
exostosis
abnormal bone growth in the small ear bones (ossicles)
extension
increasing the angle of a joint
facet
a flattish surface on a bone where a joint articulates (it is supposedly similar to the flat surface of a cut jewel)
fascia
band of connective tissue
fasciectomy
removal of a fascia
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fascioplasty
surgical modification of fascia
fasciorrhaphy
surgical repair of a fascia
fasciotomy
cutting into a fascia
femoral
pertaining to the thigh
fissure
a deep crack
fixation
locking into place
flexion
reducing the angle of a joint
foramen
hole in a bone
fossa
shallow groove in a bone
fracture
breaking a bone
genu
knee
glenoid
the socket of the shoulder joint
gomphosis
the joint between a tooth and the jaw
graphospasm
writer’s cramp