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Medical Terminology > Med Term Unit 5 Full Word List 2024 > Flashcards

Med Term Unit 5 Full Word List 2024 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

moving a limb or body part away from the midline

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2
Q

achondroplasia

A

failure in the development of cartilage (a type of dwarfism)

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3
Q

adactyly

A

absence of the fingers

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4
Q

adduction

A

moving a limb or body part toward the midline

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5
Q

agonist

A

the “prime mover”: the muscle primarily responsible for the movement being studied

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6
Q

amphiarthrotic

A

slightly moveable joint

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7
Q

analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

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8
Q

ankylosing

A

causing to be stiff

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9
Q

ankylosis

A

a disease that makes bones or joints stiff

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10
Q

antagonist

A

a muscle that opposes the action of the agonist

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11
Q

antiarthritic

A

drug that reduces the symptoms of arthritis

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12
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

drug that reduces inflammation

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13
Q

antipyretic

A

drug that reduces fever

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14
Q

apophysis

A

outgrowth or protuberance on a bone

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15
Q

appendicular

A

part of the skeleton that is attached to the axial skeleton (i.e. the upper and lower extremities)

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16
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joints

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17
Q

arthrectomy

A

surgical removal of a joint

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18
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint to remove fluid

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19
Q

arthroscope

A

device for examining the inside of a joint

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20
Q

arthrodesis

A

disease process binding a joint together

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21
Q

arthrodynia

A

pain in the joints

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22
Q

arthrodysplasia

A

bad formation of a joint

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23
Q

arthrogram

A

picture of a joint

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24
Q

arthrography

A

process for visualizing a joint

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25
Q

arthropathy

A

disease in a joint

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26
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical modification of a joint

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27
Q

arthroscopic

A

pertaining to examination of a joint using an arthroscope

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28
Q

arthrotomy

A

cutting into a joint

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29
Q

articular

A

having to do with joints

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30
Q

ataxia

A

inability to walk

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31
Q

atrophy

A

failure to develop, or loss of a structure, due to lack of nourishment

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32
Q

axial

A

pertaining to the center of the body (cf. appendicular)

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33
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

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34
Q

bursa

A

“purse”; a bag of synovial fluid that cushions a ligament or tendon that would otherwise rub against a bone

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35
Q

bursectomy

A

surgical removal of a bursa

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36
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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37
Q

bursotomy

A

cutting into a bursa

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38
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist bones

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39
Q

carpectomy

A

surgical removal of a wrist bone

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40
Q

carpitis

A

inflammation of a wrist bone

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41
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck

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42
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the neck

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43
Q

cervicodynia

A

pain in the neck

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44
Q

chondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage

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45
Q

chondrodynia

A

pain in the cartilage

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46
Q

chondroma

A

tumor in the cartilage

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47
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

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48
Q

chondroplasty

A

surgical modification of cartilage

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49
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circle around a joint

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50
Q

condyle

A

knob on a bone

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51
Q

costal

A

pertaining to a rib

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52
Q

costalgia

A

pain in a rib

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53
Q

costectomy

A

surgical removal of a rib

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54
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the rib and associated cartilage

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55
Q

craniectomy

A

surgical removal of a piece of the skull

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56
Q

craniomalacia

A

softening of the skull

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57
Q

craniometer

A

device for measuring the skull

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58
Q

craniosynostosis

A

disease where the skull bones of a child fuse too soon after birth

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59
Q

craniotomy

A

cutting into the skull

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60
Q

crepitation

A

crackling noise in the joints

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61
Q

dactylalgia

A

pain in the fingers

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62
Q

dactylitis

A

inflammation of the fingers

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63
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone

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64
Q

diarthrotic

A

freely moveable joint

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65
Q

dyskinesia

A

trouble with movement

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66
Q

dystaxia

A

trouble with walking

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67
Q

dystonia

A

trouble with muscle tone (strength)

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68
Q

eccentric

A

force applied to a muscle as it is getting longer

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69
Q

effusion

A

the process of fluid leaking out of a structure

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70
Q

electromyogram

A

record of the electrical activity of a muscle

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71
Q

electromyography

A

obtaining a record of the electrical activity of a muscle

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72
Q

endochondral

A

occurring inside of cartilage (refers to a type of bone development)

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73
Q

endomysium

A

the innermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle

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74
Q

epimysium

A

the outermost connective tissue sheath of a muscle

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75
Q

epiphysis

A

the ends of a long bone (distal epiphysis or proximal epiphysis)

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76
Q

epicondyle

A

a bump next to a knob on a bone

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77
Q

exostosis

A

abnormal bone growth in the small ear bones (ossicles)

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78
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle of a joint

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79
Q

facet

A

a flattish surface on a bone where a joint articulates (it is supposedly similar to the flat surface of a cut jewel)

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80
Q

fascia

A

band of connective tissue

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81
Q

fasciectomy

A

removal of a fascia

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82
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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83
Q

fascioplasty

A

surgical modification of fascia

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84
Q

fasciorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a fascia

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85
Q

fasciotomy

A

cutting into a fascia

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86
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the thigh

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87
Q

fissure

A

a deep crack

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88
Q

fixation

A

locking into place

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89
Q

flexion

A

reducing the angle of a joint

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90
Q

foramen

A

hole in a bone

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91
Q

fossa

A

shallow groove in a bone

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92
Q

fracture

A

breaking a bone

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93
Q

genu

A

knee

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94
Q

glenoid

A

the socket of the shoulder joint

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95
Q

gomphosis

A

the joint between a tooth and the jaw

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96
Q

graphospasm

A

writer’s cramp

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97
Q

hallux

A

the big toe

98
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood in a joint

99
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow

100
Q

hydrarthrosis

A

water (excess fluid) in a joint

101
Q

hypercalcemia

A

abnormally high calcium in the blood

102
Q

hyperextension

A

abnormal or excessive increase in the angle of a joint

103
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally high movement

104
Q

hypertonia

A

abnormally high muscle tone (strength)

105
Q

hypertrophy

A

abnormal growth of tissue

106
Q

hypocalcemia

A

abnormally low calcium in the blood

107
Q

hypokinesia

A

abnormally low movement

108
Q

hypophyseal

A

pertaining to the tissue underneath the brain (i.e. the pituitary gland)

109
Q

hypophysis

A

the pituitary gland

110
Q

hypotonia

A

abnormally low muscle tone (strength)

111
Q

infraspinatus

A

a muscle or space below the spine of the scapula

112
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

113
Q

interosseous

A

band of connective tissue between the radius and ulna or between the tibia and fibula

114
Q

intramembranous

A

occurring within a membrane (refers to a type of bone development)

115
Q

isometric

A

force applied to a muscle without a change in muscle length

116
Q

kinesiology

A

the study of movement

117
Q

kinetic

A

pertaining to motion

118
Q

kyphosis

A

“hunchback”: a bend in the spine that results in a visible bump in the upper back

119
Q

lacrimal

A

pertaining to crying or tears

120
Q

lamella

A

thin plate

121
Q

lordosis

A

“swayback”: a bend in the spine that results in a pronounced hollow space above the buttocks

122
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

123
Q

lumbodynia

A

pain in the lower back

124
Q

meatus

A

tube or passage

125
Q

medullary

A

pertaining to the center of a multilayered organ (in this case, the bone marrow)

126
Q

metacarpal

A

the bones between the wrist and fingers

127
Q

metacarpectomy

A

surgical removal of a metacarpal

128
Q

metaphysis

A

transition between the end and the shaft of a long bone

129
Q

metatarsalgia

A

pain in the bones between the ankle and toes

130
Q

metatarsals

A

the bones between the ankle and toes

131
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to the muscles and bones

132
Q

myalgia

A

pain in the muscles

133
Q

myasthenia

A

disease of muscle weakness

134
Q

myectomy

A

surgical removal of a muscle

135
Q

myoclonus

A

involuntary muscle twitch

136
Q

myodynia

A

pain in a muscle

137
Q

myofasciitis

A

inflammation of a muscle and its associated connective tissue

138
Q

myography

A

obtaining a record of the contraction of a muscle

139
Q

myolysis

A

breakdown of muscle

140
Q

myoma

A

tumor derived from muscle

141
Q

myomalacia

A

softening of muscle

142
Q

myomectomy

A

removal of a tumor derived from muscle (in the uterine wall)

143
Q

myoplasty

A

surgical modification of a muscle

144
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a muscle

145
Q

myosarcoma

A

cancer derived from muscle tissue

146
Q

myosclerosis

A

hardening of muscle

147
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscle

148
Q

myospasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscle

149
Q

myotomy

A

cutting into a muscle

150
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the nervous system and muscles

151
Q

occipital

A

skull bone at the back of the head, next to (and attaches to) the cervical spine

152
Q

orthotic

A

device to straighten the foot or leg

153
Q

ossification

A

the process of making bone

154
Q

ostalgia

A

pain in the bones

155
Q

ostectomy

A

surgical removal of a bone

156
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

157
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of bones and the joint formed by those bones

158
Q

osteoblast

A

rapidly dividing cell of bone (responsible for bone formation)

159
Q

osteocarcinoma

A

cancer derived from bone tissue

160
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and its associated cartilage

161
Q

osteochondroma

A

a tumor derived from bone and cartilage

162
Q

osteoclasia

A

abnormal breakdown of bone

163
Q

osteoclast

A

cell which breaks down bone

164
Q

osteodynia

A

pain in a bone

165
Q

osteogenesis

A

the process of forming bone

166
Q

osteolysis

A

the process of breaking down bone

167
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bone

168
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow

169
Q

osteon

A

microscopic anatomical unit of bone

170
Q

osteopathy

A

disease of the bone

171
Q

osteopenia

A

abnormal reduction in bone tissue (sign of osteoporosis)

172
Q

osteoplasty

A

surgical modfication of a bone

173
Q

osteoporosis

A

disease resulting in an abnormal number of holes in bone

174
Q

osteonecrosis

A

death of bone tissue

175
Q

osteosarcoma

A

cancerous tumor derived from bone tissue

176
Q

osteosclerosis

A

hardening of bone

177
Q

pectoral

A

pertaining to the chest

178
Q

pelvis

A

bone of the lower abdomen (hip bone) which results from the fusion of six bones (three on each side)

179
Q

perimysium

A

a connective tissue sheath of muscle that surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers (fascia)

180
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding the bone

181
Q

phalanges

A

fingers and toes

182
Q

pollux

A

the thumb

183
Q

polydactyly

A

too many fingers (i.e. more than five on a hand)

184
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of many muscles

185
Q

pronation

A

turning the back of the hand facing forward; lying face down

186
Q

sarcolemma

A

the cell membrane surrounding a muscle cell

187
Q

sarcomere

A

repeating microscopic anatomical unit of striated muscle

188
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

189
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal curvature of the vertebrae (side-to-side curvature)

190
Q

sphincter

A

band of muscle surrounding an opening

191
Q

spine

A

bones of the back; vertebrae

192
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of the vertebrae

193
Q

spondyloarthropathy

A

disease of the joints between vertebrae

194
Q

spondylodynia

A

pain in the vertebrae

195
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

abnormal slippage of the vertebrae past one another

196
Q

spondylolysis

A

abnormal breakdown of the vertebrae

197
Q

spondylomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the vertebrae

198
Q

spondylosis

A

disease of the vertebrae

199
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligaments

200
Q

stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of an opening

201
Q

sternotomy

A

cutting into the sternum (breastbone)

202
Q

sternum

A

breastbone; bone that ribs attach to

203
Q

strain

A

injury to a muscle or its tendon

204
Q

subluxation

A

dislocation of a joint

205
Q

sulcus

A

groove in a muscle

206
Q

supination

A

turning the palm of the hand facing forward; lying face up

207
Q

synarthrotic

A

immovable joint

208
Q

syncytium

A

cells which join together to make a large, multinucleated cell (as in skeletal muscle)

209
Q

syndactyly

A

abnormal joining of fingers

210
Q

synergist

A

muscle which aids an agonist muscle in its normal function

211
Q

tarsal

A

pertaining to the ankle

212
Q

tarsalgia

A

pain in the ankle

213
Q

tarsectomy

A

surgical removal of a tarsal bone

214
Q

tarsitis

A

inflammation of the ankle

215
Q

tarsoclasia

A

breakdown of an ankle bone

216
Q

tarsoptosis

A

condition of tarsal bones sagging; “flat feet” or “fallen arches”

217
Q

tenalgia

A

pain in a tendon

218
Q

tendectomy

A

surgical removal of a tendon

219
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

220
Q

tendodesis

A

tendons bound together by a disease process

221
Q

tendolysis

A

breakdown of a tendon

222
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

223
Q

tendoplasty

A

surgical modification of a tendon

224
Q

tenodynia

A

pain in a tendon

225
Q

tenolysis

A

breakdown of a tendon

226
Q

tenoplasty

A

surgical modification of a tendon

227
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a tendon

228
Q

tenotomy

A

cutting into a tendon

229
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

230
Q

tibia

A

bone of the lower extremity; larger of the two leg bones

231
Q

tibialgia

A

pain in the tibia

232
Q

tomography

A

technique using low-dose X-rays from many angles to visualize a body part

233
Q

tonograph

A

record of muscle contraction

234
Q

trochanter

A

prominent knob on the femur (bone of the thigh) which forms from the attachment of muscles

235
Q

trochlea

A

“pulley”: bony structure which acts or looks like a pulley

236
Q

tubercle

A

small bump on bone (“little potato”)

237
Q

tuberosity

A

bump on bone

238
Q

valgum

A

abnormally close knees (genu valgum = “knock-knees”)

239
Q

varum

A

abnormally distant knees (genu varum = “bow-legged”)

240
Q

vertebra

A

bone of the spinal column

241
Q

zygomatic

A

bone of the face

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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