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Medical Terminology > MT Unit 3 Prefixes, suffixes, Roots and Abbreviations > Flashcards

MT Unit 3 Prefixes, suffixes, Roots and Abbreviations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

a–

A

not

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2
Q

amphi–

A

around; on both sides

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3
Q

an–

A

not

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4
Q

ana–

A

up, throughout, again

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5
Q

anti–

A

against (an action)

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6
Q

apo–

A

from, off, away

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7
Q

auto–

A

self

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8
Q

bi–

A

two, double

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9
Q

cata–

A

down, downward

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10
Q

de–

A

from, down, out

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11
Q

di–

A

separate, apart, double, two

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12
Q

en–

A

inside

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13
Q

endo–

A

inside

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14
Q

epi–

A

on top of

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15
Q

eu–

A

good; well-

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16
Q

exo–

A

out, outside, without

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17
Q

extra–

A

outside, more, beyond

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18
Q

haplo–

A

single

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19
Q

hetero–

A

other, different

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20
Q

holo–

A

whole

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21
Q

hyper–

A

too much

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22
Q

hypo–

A

too little

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23
Q

inter–

A

between, among

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24
Q

intra–

A

inside

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25
Q

iso–

A

equal

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26
Q

macro–

A

large

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27
Q

mero–

A

a part

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28
Q

meta–

A

between, with, after; change

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29
Q

micro–

A

small

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30
Q

mono–

A

one, single

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31
Q

oligo–

A

several; a handful

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32
Q

par–
para–

A

beside; near

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33
Q

poly–

A

many, much

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34
Q

pro–

A

in front of; in favor of

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35
Q

pseudo–

A

false, lying

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36
Q

re–

A

again

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37
Q

sub–

A

an underlayer; support

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38
Q

sym–

A

with, together

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39
Q

telo–

A

an end; complete

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40
Q

trans–

A

through

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41
Q

tri–

A

three

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42
Q

cetyl

A

the name of a chemical group

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43
Q

acid

A

a property of some chemicals

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44
Q

aden

A

gland

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45
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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46
Q

aero

A

air

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47
Q

alcoh[ol]

A

the name of a chemical group; alcohols end in the suffix “–ol”

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48
Q

alkali

A

a property of some chemicals

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49
Q

allele

A

one form of a gene (unit of inheritance)

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50
Q

apex

A

tip; the highest point

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51
Q

astro

A

star

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52
Q

bios

A

life

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53
Q

base

A

bottom; the lowest point

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54
Q

blast/o

A

a rapidly dividing cell

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55
Q

body

A

large molecule

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56
Q

bol

A

throw (forward movement)

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57
Q

carbo

A

carbon, an element found in all living things

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58
Q

cell

A

the unit of life; a mixture of chemicals and organelles bounded by a membrane

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59
Q

centri
centro

A

center

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60
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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61
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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62
Q

chondrion

A

grain

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63
Q

chrom/at/o

A

color

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64
Q

cilia

A

eyelash

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65
Q

code

A

letters that contain a (sometimes hidden) meaning

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66
Q

coll

A

glue

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67
Q

column

A

a shape higher than it is wide

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68
Q

crine

A

secretion; release from cells or from the body

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69
Q

cub[e]

A

a shape of equal height and width

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70
Q

cyst

A

fluid-filled space

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71
Q

cyt
cyte
cyto

A

cell

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72
Q

dendr/o

A

tree

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73
Q

diffus

A

pouring out

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74
Q

dominant

A

showing a quality if there is only one copy (of a gene)

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75
Q

dynam

A

power, energy

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76
Q

elast[ic]

A

capable of being stretched and snaps back into place when released

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77
Q

electr/o

A

related to electricity

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78
Q

ergon

A

energy

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79
Q

erythr/o

A

the color red

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80
Q

ester

A

the name of a chemical group

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81
Q

estrus

A

reproductive cycle in female non-human mammals

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82
Q

ethane

A

the name of a chemical group

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83
Q

expressed

A

being shown

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84
Q

fibro

A

fiber

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85
Q

filament

A

a thread

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86
Q

fruct

A

fruit

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87
Q

gamete

A

a cell needed for reproduction

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88
Q

gastr

A

stomach

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89
Q

gen
geno
genet

A

birth (dealing with inheritance)

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90
Q

gland

A

gland

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91
Q

glia

A

glue

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92
Q

glob

A

glob, wad (pertaining to the shape of a protein)

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93
Q

gluco
glyco

A

sweet, sugar; the name of a chemical group that makes a chemical sweet

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94
Q

glycerine

A

a sweet, sticky chemical (glycer– + –ine)

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95
Q

goblet

A

goblet, chalice; a drinking vessel which holds a large amount of liquid

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96
Q

guano

A

bat poop

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97
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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98
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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99
Q

hydra
hydro

A

water

100
Q

immuno

A

body defenses against micro-organisms and other invaders

101
Q

insula

A

island

102
Q

ion

A

particle which carries an electrical charge

103
Q

kalium

A

Latin name for the element potassium (found in the vegetable kale)

104
Q

kary/o

A

the cell nucleus (from the Greek for nut)

105
Q

keto

A

the name of a chemical group

106
Q

kin/e

A

movement; also used to describe the addition of a phosphate chemical group

107
Q

lact

A

milk

108
Q

lamina

A

thin plate, sheet, layer

109
Q

lariat

A

a loop

110
Q

layer

A

layer

111
Q

leuk/o

A

the color white

112
Q

ligand

A

a molecule that attaches to a receptor

113
Q

lip/o

A

fat

114
Q

lymph/o

A

vessels that drain fluid from around the cells

115
Q

lyse
lyso

A

breakdown

116
Q

lyte

A

product of a breakdown

117
Q

lyze

A

process of breaking down

118
Q

magnet

A

substance which attracts other magnetic substances

119
Q

malt

A

grain that has been steeped, germinated, and dried

120
Q

mei

A

less

121
Q

mer
mere

A

a part

122
Q

methyl

A

the name of a chemical group

123
Q

mito

A

thread

124
Q

mole

A

word describing a unit in chemistry

125
Q

natr[ium]

A

Latin word for the element sodium

126
Q

natur/e

A

the state something was born in

127
Q

neo

A

new

128
Q

nephr

A

kidney

129
Q

neutral

A

having no electrical charge

130
Q

nucleus
nucle
nucleo
nucleot

A

the center of an atom or the center of a cell

131
Q

organ

A

instrument

132
Q

osmos

A

pushing, thrusting

133
Q

osteo

A

bone

134
Q

oxi
oxy

A

shortened form of the element oxygen

135
Q

parallel

A

side-by-side

136
Q

path

A

feeling, suffering (used to describe molecules)

137
Q

path/o

A

disease (used to describe a medical condition, in the sense of “suffering”)

138
Q

pen[dere]

A

hang

139
Q

pept
peptido

A

protein

140
Q

per

A

large amount of

141
Q

phage
phago

A

eat

142
Q

phase

A

stage; appearance

143
Q

pheno

A

shine; appearance

144
Q

phil

A

love

145
Q

phob

A

fear

146
Q

phospho/r

A

the element phosphorus and related chemical groupings

147
Q

phot

A

light

148
Q

pino

A

drink

149
Q

plasm

A

something molded; plastic or dough

150
Q

ploid

A

fold; numbered

151
Q

pol[e]

A

one end of a round object, as in North Pole & South Pole

152
Q

port

A

to carry; a door

153
Q

prim

A

first

154
Q

prosta[te]

A

gland in male that surrounds the urethra

155
Q

prot
prote
proteo

A

first, original; class of molecules that are essential for life

156
Q

ptosis

A

drooping

157
Q

receptor

A

a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell

158
Q

recess

A

showing a quality if there are two copies (of a gene)

159
Q

ret[e]

A

net, network

160
Q

ribose

A

the name of a chemical group found in cells

161
Q

script

A

writing

162
Q

secre

A

set apart; release

163
Q

skelet

A

bones

164
Q

sol
solut

A

dissolve

165
Q

soma
somat
somato
some

A

body

166
Q

son

A

sound

167
Q

squam

A

a shape wider than it is high (literally, “fish-scale”)

168
Q

ster

A

solid; a chemical that is solid at room temperature

169
Q

stratum

A

layer

170
Q

sucr

A

sugar

171
Q

surf[ace]

A

outside part

172
Q

test[is]

A

male testicle

173
Q

thel[e]

A

nipple

174
Q

therm/o

A

temperature

175
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

176
Q

thym[us]

A

an organ of the upper chest

177
Q

tom

A

cutting

178
Q

ton

A

firmness (for example, of tissues or muscle)

179
Q

top[os]

A

place

180
Q

translation

A

carry across

181
Q

trop

A

turning towards

182
Q

tub[e]

A

pipe

183
Q

type

A

kind

184
Q

ur

A

urine

185
Q

valence

A

strength

186
Q

vascul

A

little vessel

187
Q

vesic

A

bladder

188
Q

villus

A

hair

189
Q

zyme

A

yeast; ferment

190
Q

–al

A

pertaining to

191
Q

–an

A

chemical name ending

192
Q

–ance

A

to give

193
Q

–ant

A

state of being

194
Q

–ar

A

pertaining to

195
Q

–ase

A

chemical name ending for an enzyme
(a protein that promotes the breaking or building of chemical bonds)

196
Q

–ate

A

chemical name ending

197
Q

–cule

A

diminutive suffix
(describes a smaller version of the word in front of it)

198
Q

–ein

A

chemical name ending

199
Q

–elle

A

diminutive suffix

200
Q

–emia

A

present in blood, indicating disease

201
Q

–er

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

202
Q

–gen

A

arising from

203
Q

–ic

A

pertaining to

204
Q

–ical

A

pertaining to

205
Q

–icle

A

diminutive suffix

206
Q

–icul

A

diminutive suffix

207
Q

–id

A

chemical name ending

208
Q

–ide

A

chemical name ending

209
Q

–ified

A

word ending that turns a noun into an adjective

210
Q

–il

A

chemical name ending

211
Q

–in

A

chemical name ending for a protein

212
Q

–ine

A

chemical name ending

213
Q

–ion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

214
Q

–is

A

process word ending

215
Q

–ism

A

belief; process word ending

216
Q

–ity

A

turns a noun into a state of being

217
Q

–ium

A

anatomical structure word ending

218
Q

–ive

A

to go

219
Q

–logy

A

study of

220
Q

–lysis

A

breakdown process

221
Q

–oid

A

resembling

222
Q

–ol

A

chemical name ending for an alcohol

223
Q

–ole

A

diminutive suffix

224
Q

–olus

A

diminutive suffix

225
Q

–on

A

unit of anatomical or functional structure

226
Q

–one

A

chemical name ending

227
Q

–ose

A

chemical name ending for a sugar

228
Q

–osis

A

process

229
Q

–ote

A

word ending indicating membership in a group

230
Q

–ous

A

word ending that turns a noun into an adjective

231
Q

–penia

A

low levels of; scarcity

232
Q

–sion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

233
Q

–sis

A

process word ending

234
Q

–some

A

body; structure

235
Q

–tic

A

pertaining to; t added to make it sound better

236
Q

–tion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

237
Q

–type

A

impression made by

238
Q

–ula
–ule

A

diminutive suffix

239
Q

–um

A

anatomical structure word ending

240
Q

–ase

A

name for an enzyme, a protein or RNA molecule which promotes the forming or breaking of chemical bonds

241
Q

–in

A

name for a protein, a large molecule made up of many amino acids

242
Q

–ol

A

name for an alcohol

243
Q

–ose

A

name for a sugar

244
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid, the carrier of genetic information for the cell

245
Q

EtOH

A

ethanol

246
Q

MTOC

A

microtubule organizing center, where microtubules are made

247
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid, the “go-between” linking DNA to protein synthesis

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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