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Medical Terminology > HTHS 1101 Unit 11 for Brainscape - Full Words 2024 > Flashcards

HTHS 1101 Unit 11 for Brainscape - Full Words 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

albuminuria

A

the presence of albumin (protein) in the urine, indicating kidney disease

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2
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that suppresses muscle spasms causing urinary urgency

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3
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine

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4
Q

azotemia

A

increase in BUN (blood urea nitrogen), indicating kidney dysfunction

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5
Q

azotorrhea

A

excessive secretion of urea nitrogen in the urine

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6
Q

azoturia

A

excessive secretion of urea nitrogen in the urine

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7
Q

calyx

A

part of the urine collection system of the kidney, leading to the urethra

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8
Q

capsular

A

pertaining to the glomerular capsule

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9
Q

capsule

A

the membranous sac surrounding the filtration system of the glomerulus

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10
Q

convoluted

A

twisted in a complex way

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11
Q

corpuscle

A

“small body”; the glomerulus plus the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

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12
Q

cortical

A

nephrons with a shorter nephron loop that penetrates only the superficial renal medulla

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13
Q

cystalgia

A

pain in the bladder

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14
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

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15
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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16
Q

cystocele

A

herniation of the bladder (anterior vaginal prolapse)

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17
Q

cystodynia

A

pain in the bladder

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18
Q

cystogram

A

x-ray image of dye inserted into the bladder

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19
Q

cystography

A

process of obtaining a cystogram

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20
Q

cystolith

A

bladder stone

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21
Q

cystolithectomy

A

surgical removal of a bladder stone

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22
Q

cystoma

A

tumor of the bladder

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23
Q

cystoplegia

A

weakness of the bladder muscles

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24
Q

cystoptosis

A

drooping of the bladder

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25
Q

cystorrhexis

A

rupture of the bladder

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26
Q

cystoscopy

A

the process of looking into the bladder

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27
Q

cystospasm

A

sudden contraction of the bladder

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28
Q

cystostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the bladder

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29
Q

cystotomy

A

cutting into the bladder

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30
Q

cystoureteritis

A

inflammation of the bladder and ureter

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31
Q

cystourethrocele

A

hernation of the bladder and urethra (anterior vaginal prolapse)

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32
Q

cystourethrogram

A

x-ray image of dye inserted into the bladder and urethra

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33
Q

detrusor

A

muscle which expels urine from the bladder

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34
Q

dialysis

A

process to artifically remove wastes from the blood, replicating this kidney function

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35
Q

dipsogenic

A

drug which increases thirst

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36
Q

diuresis

A

increased urination

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37
Q

diuretic

A

drug which increases the production of urine

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38
Q

dysuria

A

pain or difficulty with urination

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39
Q

enuresis

A

nighttime urination (literally, “urine in bed”)

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40
Q

extracorporeal

A

from outside the body

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41
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue sheet

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42
Q

fulguration

A

using an electric current during surgery (e.g. to destroy stones or seal blood vessels); electrocauterization

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43
Q

glomerular

A

pertaining to the glomerulus

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44
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney glomeruli

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45
Q

glomerulopathy

A

disease of the kidney glomerulus

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46
Q

glomerulosclerosis

A

hardening of the kidney glomeruli

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47
Q

glomerulus

A

filtration system of the kidney

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48
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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49
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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50
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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51
Q

heminephrectomy

A

surgical removal of part of a kidney

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52
Q

heminephroureterectomy

A

surgical removal of a duplex kidney (congenital condition where an “extra” kidney forms)

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53
Q

hemodialysis

A

process to artifically remove wastes from the blood, replicating this kidney function

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54
Q

hydronephrosis

A

swelling of kidneys due to urine buildup

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55
Q

hypernephroma

A

tumor of the renal tubules

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56
Q

hyponatremia

A

low blood sodium

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57
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital urethral opening on the underside of the penis

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58
Q

incontinence

A

inability to hold urine and expel it appropriately

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59
Q

intracorporeal

A

from inside the body

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60
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

hormone-secreting organ near the glomerulus

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61
Q

juxtamedullary

A

nephrons with a longer nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla

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62
Q

ketolysis

A

breakdown of ketones

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63
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine

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64
Q

laparonephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney through an incision in the abdominal wall

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65
Q

lithectomy

A

surgical removal of a stone

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66
Q

lithiasis

A

the presence of a stone

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67
Q

lithocystotomy

A

cutting into the bladder to remove a stone

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68
Q

lithonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney due to a stone

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69
Q

lithonephrotomy

A

cutting into the kidney to remove a stone

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70
Q

lithotripsy

A

breaking apart stones with high-frequency sound waves

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71
Q

macula densa

A

“dense spot”; area of the distal convoluted tubule which forms part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

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72
Q

meatal

A

pertaining to an anatomical tube, such as the urethra or ureter

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73
Q

meatoplasty

A

surgical revision of an anatomical tube

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74
Q

meatorrhaphy

A

suturing an anatomical tube

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75
Q

meatoscope

A

instrument for looking inside an anatomical tube

76
Q

meatoscopy

A

the process of looking into the urinary meatus (urethra) or the ureteral orifice

77
Q

meatotomy

A

cutting into the urethra or ureter (for example, to remove a stone)

78
Q

micturition

A

urination

79
Q

nephralgia

A

pain in the kidney

80
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

81
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

82
Q

nephrocele

A

herniation of the kidney

83
Q

nephrocystanastomosis

A

surgical creation of a connection between the kidney and bladder

84
Q

nephrogram

A

x-ray image of dye inserted into the kidney

85
Q

nephrography

A

process of obtaining a nephrogram

86
Q

nephrohypertrophy

A

abnormal growth of the kidney

87
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of a stone in the kidney

88
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

cutting into the kidney to remove a stone

89
Q

nephrologist

A

a person who studies kidney disease

90
Q

nephrology

A

the study of kidneys

91
Q

nephroma

A

tumor of the kidney cortex

92
Q

nephromalacia

A

softening of the kidney due to disease

93
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of the kidney due to disease

94
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney; a glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct

95
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney

96
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of the kidney

97
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping of the kidney

98
Q

nephrorrhaphy

A

suturing the kidney

99
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

hardening of the kidney

100
Q

nephroscopy

A

the process of looking at the kidney

101
Q

nephrosis

A

kidney disease (especially when accompanied by edema, abnormal swelling of the tissues); nephrotic syndrome

102
Q

nephrosonography

A

process of imaging the kidney with sound waves

103
Q

nephrostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the kidney

104
Q

nephrotomy

A

cutting into the kidney

105
Q

nephrotoxin

A

a chemical which is damaging to the kidney

106
Q

nephroureterectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter

107
Q

nocturia

A

nighttime urination

108
Q

oliguria

A

sparse urine production

109
Q

paraphimosis

A

condition of having the foreskin trapped behind the head of the penis

110
Q

pedicels

A

“little feet”; microscopic structures supporting the filtration system of the kidney

111
Q

peritubular

A

near the tubules

112
Q

phimosis

A

inability to retract the foreskin of the penis

113
Q

podocytes

A

“foot cells”; cells of the glomerular apparatus that extend pedicels to support the filtration membrane

114
Q

polycystic

A

disease process characterized by many fluid-filled structures

115
Q

polydipsia

A

frequent drinking

116
Q

polyuria

A

frequent urination

117
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the pelvis region and calyces of the kidney

118
Q

pyelocystitis

A

inflammation of the pelvis region of the kidney and the bladder

119
Q

pyelocystostomosis

A

surgical creation of a communication between the kidney and bladder

120
Q

pyelogram

A

x-ray image of dye inserted into the kidney calyces

121
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

cutting into the kidney calyces to remove a stone

122
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the pelvis region, calyces, and kidney tissue

123
Q

pyelopathy

A

disease of the kidney calyces

124
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical revision of the kidney calyces

125
Q

pyelostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the kidney calyces

126
Q

pyelotomy

A

cutting into the kidney calyces

127
Q

pyeloureterectasia

A

dilation of the kidney calyces and ureter

128
Q

pyonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney with pus formation

129
Q

pyonephrolithiasis

A

the presence of pus and stones in the kidney

130
Q

pyopyeloectasis

A

dilation of the kidney calyces with the formation of pus

131
Q

pyramid

A

structure in the kidney medulla

132
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

133
Q

reabsorption

A

moving substances from the filtrate in the nephron to the vasa recta (and thus back into the blood)

134
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidney

135
Q

renin

A

hormone released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney

136
Q

resection

A

surgical removal of all or part of an organ

137
Q

resectoscope

A

instrument for looking inside the body to resect (remove) a structure

138
Q

retroperitoneal

A

behind the peritoneal cavity

139
Q

transrectal

A

through or across the rectum (e.g. ultrasound or surgery)

140
Q

transurethral

A

through or across the urethra

141
Q

trigone

A

anatomical triangle

142
Q

tubule

A

small tube, as in the nephron

143
Q

tubuloglomerular

A

pertaining to the nephron

144
Q

ultrasonography

A

process of imaging with sound waves (same as sonography)

145
Q

urea

A

waste product formed from protein metabolism

146
Q

uremia

A

buildup of waste products in the blood because of kidney dysfunction

147
Q

ureteralgia

A

pain in one or both ureters

148
Q

ureterectomy

A

surgical removal of a ureter

149
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

150
Q

ureterocele

A

hernation of the ureter

151
Q

ureteroileostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the ureters through the body wall

152
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

the presence of a stone in the ureter

153
Q

ureteronephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney and its ureter

154
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical revision of the ureter

155
Q

ureteropyelitis

A

inflammation of the ureter and calyces of the kidney

156
Q

ureteropyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the ureter, calyces, and kidney tissue

157
Q

ureterorrhaphy

A

suturing the ureter

158
Q

ureteroscopy

A

the process of looking into the ureter

159
Q

ureterstenosis

A

narrowing or blockage of the ureter

160
Q

urethrectomy

A

surgical removal of the urethra

161
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

162
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

163
Q

urethrodynia

A

pain in the urethra

164
Q

urethrogram

A

x-ray image of dye inserted into the urethra

165
Q

urethropexy

A

surgical fixation of the urethra

166
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical revision of the urethra

167
Q

urethrorrhea

A

abnormal flow from the urethra

168
Q

urethroscope

A

instrument for looking inside the urethra

169
Q

urethroscopy

A

the process of looking into the urethra

170
Q

urethrospasm

A

sudden contraction of the urethra

171
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowing or blockage of the urethra

172
Q

urethrotomy

A

cutting into the urethra

173
Q

urinalysis

A

shortening of urine + analysis

174
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to the organs which produce urine

175
Q

urocyanosis

A

blue color in the urine

176
Q

urodynia

A

pain during urination

177
Q

urologist

A

medical specialist who studies the urinary system

178
Q

urology

A

the study of the urinary system

179
Q

uropathy

A

disease in the urinary system

180
Q

uropoiesis

A

the process of creating urine

181
Q

urostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain outside the body

182
Q

uroxanthin

A

pigment which gives the urine its yellow color

183
Q

vesicocele

A

herniation of the bladder (into the vaginal canal)

184
Q

vesicostomy

A

surgical creation of a communication that allows urine to drain from the bladder

185
Q

vesicotomy

A

cutting into the bladder

186
Q

vesicoureteral

A

pertaining to the bladder and ureter

187
Q

voiding

A

emptying the bladder (i.e. urinating)

Medical Terminology (38 decks)

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