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Medical Terminology > Unit 6 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, Abbreviations 2024 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, Abbreviations 2024 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

a–

A

not

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2
Q

af–

A

going into (was originally ad–)

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3
Q

an–

A

not

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4
Q

ana–

A

up, throughout, again

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5
Q

anti–

A

against (an action)

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6
Q

apo–

A

from, off, away

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7
Q

auto–

A

self

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8
Q

bi–
bin–

A

two, double

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9
Q

cata–

A

down, downward

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10
Q

con–

A

together, with

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11
Q

de–

A

from, down, out

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12
Q

di–
dipl–

A

separate, apart, double, two

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13
Q

dys–

A

bad

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14
Q

e–
ec–
ex–

A

out, off, from, beyond

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15
Q

ef–

A

going out of

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16
Q

en–

A

inside

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17
Q

end–
endo–

A

inside

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18
Q

epi–

A

on top of

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19
Q

eso–

A

outward

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20
Q

eu–

A

good, well–

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21
Q

ex–
exo–

A

out, outside, without

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22
Q

extra–

A

outside, more, beyond

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23
Q

hemi–

A

half

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24
Q

hyper–

A

too much

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25
Q

hypo–
(before process)

A

too little

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26
Q

hypo–
(before anatomical structure)

A

below

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27
Q

im–
in–

A

not

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28
Q

inter–

A

between

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29
Q

intra–

A

inside

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30
Q

isch–

A

keep back (shortening of Greek iskhein)

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31
Q

macro–

A

large

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32
Q

micr–
micro–

A

small

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33
Q

mid–

A

middle

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34
Q

mono–

A

one

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35
Q

multi–

A

several; many

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36
Q

para–

A

beside; near

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37
Q

peri–

A

around

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38
Q

poly–

A

many; too much

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39
Q

post–

A

behind (anatomically or in time)

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40
Q

pre–

A

in front of (anatomically or in time)

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41
Q

pro–

A

in front of; in favor of

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42
Q

quadri–

A

four

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43
Q

re–

A

again

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44
Q

sub–

A

an underlayer; support

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45
Q

sym–
syn–

A

with, together

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46
Q

trans–

A

through

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47
Q

tri–

A

three

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48
Q

uni–

A

one

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49
Q

xero–

A

dry

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50
Q

acous
acusis

A

hearing

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51
Q

aden

A

gland

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52
Q

aer

A

air

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53
Q

ambly

A

blunted

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54
Q

ambul

A

moving around

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55
Q

ampulla

A

flask with long, narrow neck

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56
Q

aneurysm[os]

A

dilation of an artery

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57
Q

angio

A

vessel

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58
Q

anxio

A

anxiety

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59
Q

arachn[id]

A

spider

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60
Q

arter
arterio

A

artery

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61
Q

asthen

A

weakness

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62
Q

athero

A

encysted tumor

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63
Q

audio

A

sound

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64
Q

audit

A

hearing

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65
Q

aur

A

sound

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66
Q

aut[os]

A

self

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67
Q

axo[n]
axon

A

nerve cell structure that carries a signal over a long distance

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68
Q

basi[s]

A

base (of the midbrain)

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69
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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70
Q

brain

A

brain

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71
Q

cataract

A

cloudiness (“waterfall”)

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72
Q

caud[a]

A

tail

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73
Q

central [sulcus]

A

in the center

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74
Q

cephal/o

A

pertaining to the head

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75
Q

cereb
cerebr/o

A

brain

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76
Q

chemo

A

chemical

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77
Q

chor[ion]

A

membrane (resembling the one surrounding the fetus)

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78
Q

clonus

A

violent shaking

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79
Q

cochlea

A

snail’s shell

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80
Q

conjunctiva

A

joining (the eyelids and globe of the eye)

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81
Q

convuls[e]

A

jerking movement

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82
Q

corn[u]

A

horn

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83
Q

cortex
cortico

A

outside of a multilayered structure (“bark of a tree”)

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84
Q

cran/i/o

A

head; skull

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85
Q

cycl/o

A

circle; in this case, the ciliary body which forms a circle around the inside of the eye

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86
Q

cysticercus

A

larval stage of some tapeworms

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87
Q

cyst/o

A

fluid-filled space

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88
Q

dacry/o

A

tear (drop)

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89
Q

decussate

A

make a shape like the letter X

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90
Q

dendr/o

A

tree

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91
Q

depress

A

push down

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92
Q

derm/a
derm/at

A

skin

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93
Q

duct

A

pipe

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94
Q

dura

A

tough

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95
Q

ectasis

A

dilation

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96
Q

edema

A

swelling

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97
Q

electro

A

related to electricity

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98
Q

embol

A

arterial blockage (“peg, stopper”)

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99
Q

emulsion

A

mixture with large particle sizes

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100
Q

encephal/o

A

brain (literally, inside the head)

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101
Q

ependyma

A

lining of the ventricles

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102
Q

esthes

A

feeling

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103
Q

exter[i]o[r]

A

outside

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104
Q

externa

A

outside

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105
Q

fascia

A

sheet of fibers; bundle of stick-like structures

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106
Q

fer[re]

A

carry; move

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107
Q

front

A

front

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108
Q

gangl
gangl/i

A

cluster of nerve cell bodies

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109
Q

geminus

A

twins

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110
Q

gen

A

birth (dealing with inheritance)

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111
Q

glaucoma

A

increased pressure in eye

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112
Q

glia
gli/o

A

glue

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113
Q

glosso

A

tongue

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114
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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115
Q

gnos

A

knowing

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116
Q

gustat[e]

A

taste

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117
Q

gyrus

A

elevation or bump on the brain (from the Greek word for “ring, circle”

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118
Q

[h]em[e]
hem
heme
hemo
hemat

A

blood

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119
Q

homunculus

A

“little man”; map of the body on the brain surface

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120
Q

hydro

A

water

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121
Q

hypno

A

sleep

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122
Q

ictus

A

seizure; sudden, unexpected illness

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123
Q

idios

A

self

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124
Q

insula

A

island

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125
Q

ir[is]
irid[es]
irido

A

iris (plural irides)

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126
Q

kerat/o

A

horn

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127
Q

kine/t

A

movement

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128
Q

labyrinth

A

maze

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129
Q

lacrim

A

crying; tears

130
Q

laryng/o

A

voice box

131
Q

leps[is]

A

seizure; grasp

132
Q

lex[is]

A

reading

133
Q

ligand

A

signaling molecule or drug that binds a receptor

134
Q

lir[a]

A

staying on track (literally, “furrow”)

135
Q

lith

A

stone

136
Q

lob
lobo

A

large region of the brain; roundish structure

137
Q

lymph

A

here, the fluid inside the inner ear chambers

138
Q

mechano

A

mechanical

139
Q

medulla

A

inside of a multilayered structure (“marrow”)

140
Q

mening
meningi
meningo

A

coverings of the brain

141
Q

mens
ment

A

mind

142
Q

metr

A

measurement

143
Q

motor

A

movement

144
Q

my[ein]

A

pupil constriction

145
Q

myc

A

fungus

146
Q

mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

147
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

148
Q

myo

A

muscle

149
Q

myring/o

A

eardrum

150
Q

narco

A

sleep

151
Q

nas/o

A

nose

152
Q

neur/o

A

nervous system

153
Q

noci

A

harmful; noxious

154
Q

nom

A

name

155
Q

nucle

A

the center of something

156
Q

nystagmus

A

nodding or jerking back-and-forth

157
Q

occipit

A

back of the head

158
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

159
Q

op
ops
opt/o

A

eye; vision

160
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye; vision

161
Q

orexis

A

desire

162
Q

osmē

A

smell

163
Q

oste/o

A

bone

164
Q

ot/o

A

ear

165
Q

propagate

A

reproduce; breed

166
Q

papilla

A

nipple

167
Q

paresis

A

weakness

168
Q

pariet

A

side of the head

169
Q

path[os]

A

feeling

170
Q

phac/o
phak

A

lens

171
Q

pharmaco

A

pertaining to drugs

172
Q

phas

A

speaking

173
Q

phon

A

sound

174
Q

phor

A

carrier

175
Q

phot/o

A

light

176
Q

phren

A

skull; mind

177
Q

physi

A

function

178
Q

plas

A

something molded

179
Q

pleg

A

stroke; weakness

180
Q

plex

A

woven

181
Q

pol[e]
polar

A

one end of a round object, as in North Pole & South Pole

182
Q

polio

A

degeneration of myelin

183
Q

presby

A

elder; old person

184
Q

propri[us]

A

understanding of one’s own body position

185
Q

prosop

A

face

186
Q

pseudo

A

FALSE

187
Q

psych/o

A

mind

188
Q

py/o

A

pus

189
Q

[re]ceptor
receptor

A

a protein on the surface of a cell that turns a chemical on the outside to a signal on the inside of the cell

190
Q

retin/a
retin/o

A

net; the receptive surface of the eye

191
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

192
Q

saccule

A

small sac

193
Q

salping/o

A

tube (e.g. Eustachian tube; Fallopian tube)

194
Q

sciatic

A

nerve of the buttocks and thigh

195
Q

scler/a
scler/o

A

hard (white of the eye)

196
Q

scot

A

darkness; blindness

197
Q

soma

A

body

198
Q

somn/o

A

sleep; drowsiness

199
Q

sono

A

sound

200
Q

spin[e]

A

spinal column

201
Q

stigma

A

wound; point

202
Q

stimulus

A

something which initiates an action

203
Q

sulcus

A

groove in the brain

204
Q

synapse

A

contact between a nerve cell and its target

205
Q

syncope

A

fainting

206
Q

tempor

A

side of the head around the ear

207
Q

therm/o

A

temperature

208
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

209
Q

tinnitus

A

jingling or ringing noise

210
Q

tox

A

poison

211
Q

transmit

A

carry along

212
Q

trop

A

turning toward

213
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum

214
Q

utricle

A

bag

215
Q

varicos[e]

A

dilation; enlargement

216
Q

vascul

A

little vessel

217
Q

vertigo

A

spinning sensation

218
Q

vestibul/o

A

inner ear structures controlling balance

219
Q

vitr/e

A

glass

220
Q

–al

A

pertaining to

221
Q

–algia

A

pain

222
Q

–ant

A

state of being

223
Q

–ar

A

pertaining to

224
Q

–asis

A

state of being

225
Q

–ate

A

chemical name ending

226
Q

–ation

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

227
Q

–cele

A

hernia

228
Q

–centesis

A

puncture

229
Q

–dynia

A

pain

230
Q

–ea

A

anatomical word ending

231
Q

–eal

A

pertaining to

232
Q

–ectomy

A

cutting out of

233
Q

–ellum

A

diminutive suffix (cerebellum = “little brain”)

234
Q

–emia

A

present in blood, indicating disease

235
Q

–ent

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

236
Q

–etic

A

a drug or condition causing a process

237
Q

–gram

A

a record of a test or procedure

238
Q

–graphy

A

a test or procedure

239
Q

–ia

A

disease

240
Q

–ial

A

pertaining to

241
Q

–iasis

A

presence of an abnormality

242
Q

–iatrist

A

clinician who studies

243
Q

–iatry

A

the act of studying

244
Q

–ic

A

pertaining to

245
Q

–ication

A

pertaining to + word ending that turns a verb into a noun

246
Q

–icle

A

diminutive suffix

247
Q

–ient

A

word ending which indicates an ongoing condition

248
Q

–ing

A

at the end of a verb, means “ongoing”

249
Q

–ion

A

word ending that turns a verb into a noun

250
Q

–ism

A

belief; process word ending

251
Q

–ist

A

someone who studies

252
Q

–itis

A

inflammation

253
Q

–ity

A

turns a noun into a state of being

254
Q

–ium

A

anatomical structure

255
Q

–ive

A

to go

256
Q

–ization

A

turns a noun into a verb and then back into a noun (which is weird)

257
Q

–logist

A

one who studies

258
Q

–logy

A

study of

259
Q

–lysis

A

breaking down; destroying

260
Q

–lytic

A

substance that causes a breakdown or destruction

261
Q

–malacia

A

softening due to disease

262
Q

–meter

A

instrument for measuring

263
Q

–metry

A

the act of measuring

264
Q

–oid

A

looks like; resembles

265
Q

–ology

A

study of; o added to make it sound better

266
Q

–oma

A

tumor

267
Q

–on

A

unit of anatomical structure

268
Q

–ory

A

pertaining to

269
Q

–osis

A

process

270
Q

–ous

A

word ending that turns a noun into an adjective

271
Q

–pathy

A

disease process

272
Q

–penia

A

low levels of

273
Q

–pexy

A

surgical fixation

274
Q

–plasty

A

surgical revision

275
Q

–plegia

A

inability to move

276
Q

–ptosis

A

drooping

277
Q

–rrhag[e]

A

abnormal flow

278
Q

–rrhaphy

A

suturing

279
Q

–rrhea

A

abnormal flow

280
Q

–scope

A

instrument for looking inside

281
Q

–spasm

A

involuntary contraction

282
Q

–stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of an opening

283
Q

–stomy

A

creating an opening (or “mouth”) with surgery

284
Q

–tatic

A

pertaining to stretching

285
Q

–ter

A

noun ending

286
Q

–tic

A

pertaining to; t added to make it sound better

287
Q

–tome

A

instrument for cutting

288
Q

–tomy

A

cutting

289
Q

–trophic

A

pertaining to nourishment or growth

290
Q

–trophy

A

nourishment, growth

291
Q

–us

A

anatomical structure word ending

292
Q

–y

A

disease

293
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

294
Q

AU

A

both ears (Latin auris uterque)

295
Q

AD

A

right ear (Latin auris dextra)

296
Q

AS

A

left ear (Latin auris sinistra)

297
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

298
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

299
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; stroke

300
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

301
Q

EENT

A

eye, ear, nose, and throat

302
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat

303
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

304
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

305
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure (not Insane Clown Posse)

306
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

307
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

308
Q

LASIK

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

309
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

310
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

311
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

312
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

313
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

314
Q

OU

A

both eyes (Latin oculus uterque)

315
Q

OD

A

right eye (Latin oculus dexter)

316
Q

OS

A

left eye (Latin oculus sinistra)

317
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

318
Q

PERRLA

A

pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodate

319
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

320
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

Medical Terminology (28 decks)

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