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Medical Terminology > Med Term Unit 7 > Flashcards

Med Term Unit 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glad

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3
Q

-arche

A

beginning, first occurrence

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4
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

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5
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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6
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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7
Q

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

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8
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads

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9
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone, regulatory/messenger chemical

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10
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above, increased

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11
Q

hypo-

A

insufficient, too little, below, decreased

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12
Q

hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

kal/o

A

potassium(from Latin kalium)

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14
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone body

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15
Q

natr/o

A

sodium (from Latin natrium)

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16
Q

neo-

A

new

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17
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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18
Q

para-

A

near, beside

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19
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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20
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

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21
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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22
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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23
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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24
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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25
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal increase in bone size (not length), due to human growth hormone hypersecretion during adulthood

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26
Q

adenopathy

A

any condition involving glandular tissue

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27
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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28
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone

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29
Q

diabetes mellitus
type 1

type 2

A

metabolic disease, polyuria and hyperglycemia
autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, aka insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka juvenile onset diabetes mellitus
body cells develop resistance to insulin, aka noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka adult onset diabetes mellitus

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30
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorder associated with faulty metabolism (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity)

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31
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

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32
Q

galactorrhea

A

excessive discharge of milk

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33
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed first during pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery; risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life

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34
Q

glucosuria

A

glucose in urine, usually sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

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35
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

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36
Q

grave disease

A

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyrodisim characterized by exophthalmos

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37
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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38
Q

hashimoto thyroiditis

A

autoimmune condition that attacks thyroid gland; #1 cause of hypothyroidism in the US

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39
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair for age and/or gender

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40
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive secretion of thyroid hormone

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41
Q

hypoadrenocorticism

A

insufficient secretion of adrenal cortex hormones, aka Addison disease

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42
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose

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43
Q

hypokalemia

A

low blood potassium (kalium)

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44
Q

hyponatremia

A

low blood sodium (natrium)

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45
Q

hypophysitis

A

inflammation of the pituitary

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46
Q

hypothyroidism

A

insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone

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47
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (tumor of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

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48
Q

ketoacidosis

A

increased blood acidity due to increased blood ketones produced when body is unable to utilize sugar and must burn fat for energy

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49
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine, usually found along with ketoacidosis

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50
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

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51
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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52
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

insufficient (or no) secretion of all pituitary hormones

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53
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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54
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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55
Q

pituitary infraction

A

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

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56
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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57
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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58
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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59
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

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60
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

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61
Q

adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

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62
Q

adrenal gland

A

pair of glands, one on top of each kidney; secrete several hormones

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63
Q

adrenocorticotropic

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland; stimulates release of hormones from adrenal cortices

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64
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland; regulated body fluid levels by decreasing urine formation

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65
Q

blood glucose

A

amount of glucose in blood

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66
Q

blood sugar

A

amount of all sugars in blood

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67
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous insulin injection into blood from pump worn by patient

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68
Q

continuous glucose monitor

A

compact device that regularly monitors blood glucose levels

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69
Q

endocrinologist

A

physician specializing in disorders of the endocrine system

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70
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure to examine pancreatic and gall bladder ducts using endoscope passed backwards from digestive tract into bile duct

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71
Q

estrogen

A

primary female hormone, secreted by ovaries, responsible for female secondary sec characteristics

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72
Q

fasting blood glucose

A

blood glucose level after 12 hour-fast

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73
Q

gluconengenesis

A

for cellular energy production, creating glucose from fats or proteins when dietary glucose not available

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74
Q

glucose tolerance test

A

measure of body’s ability to metabolize glucose; begin with fasting blood glucose, drinking glucose solution, blood glucose at regular intervals

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75
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on how it affects blood sugar levels

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76
Q

glycolysis

A

first step in metabolizing glucose for energy, “breaking glucose”

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77
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates gonads to release their hormones

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78
Q

HgA1C

A

glycated hemoglobin test;indicates average blood glucose level over past 2-3 months

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79
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

therapeutic administration of hormones to replace low body levels

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80
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose level. “pushes” glucose into cells for cellular metabolism (energy production)

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81
Q

laparoscopic

A

removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

82
Q

menarche

A

beginning of first menstruation

83
Q

parathyroid gland

A

two-four small glands adjacent to or embedded in thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone

84
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone secreted by parathyroid gland, regulates blood calcium level

85
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

imaging procedure, measures radioactivity level in thyroid after IV or oral radioactive iodine administration

86
Q

testosterone

A

primary male hormone, secreted by testes, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

87
Q

thelarche

A

beginning of breast development

88
Q

thyroid hormone
T3

T4

A

hormone secreted by thyroid gland, regulates energy metabolism.

triiodothyronine, one “version” pf thyroid hormone

tetraiodothyronine, aka thyroxine, one “version” of thyroid hormone

89
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone

90
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

91
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

92
Q

BG

A

blood glucose

93
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

94
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

95
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

96
Q

DI

A

diabetes inspidus

97
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

98
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

99
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

100
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

101
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

102
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

103
Q

HgA1C

A

test used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels

104
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

105
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

106
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

107
Q

T1

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

108
Q

T2

A

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

109
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

110
Q

T4

A

thyroxine (tetraiodthyronine)

111
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

112
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

113
Q

acidemia

A

abnormal acidity of the blood

114
Q

adenalgia

A

pain in a gland

115
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical removal of a gland

116
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

117
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

118
Q

adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

119
Q

adenomegaly

A

enlargement of a gland

120
Q

adenosis

A

abnormal condition of a gland

121
Q

adrenal adenoma

A

tumor of the adrenal gland

122
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

123
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

124
Q

adrenaline

A

A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

125
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal glands

126
Q

adrenarche

A

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

127
Q

adrenal cortical carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland

128
Q

Adrenalcortical insufficiency

A

condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones

129
Q

adrenocortocohyperplasia

A

excessive development of the adrenal cortex

130
Q

adrenomegaly

A

enlargement of the adrenal glands

131
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of the adrenal gland

132
Q

alkalemia

A

abnormal alkalinity of the blood

133
Q

calciuria

A

presence of calcium in the urine

134
Q

chloremia

A

increased chloride in the blood

135
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas

136
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others

137
Q

corticotropin

A

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

138
Q

cortisol

A

stress hormone

139
Q

hyperadrenocorticism

A

disorder caused by excessive adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, resulting in increased urination, drinking, and redistribution of body fat; also called Cushing’s disease

140
Q

dwarfism

A

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

141
Q

endocrinopathy

A

disease of the endocrine system

142
Q

epinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.

143
Q

estrogen

A

Female sex hormone

144
Q

euglycemia

A

good blood sugar

145
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid function

146
Q

exocrine

A

secreting externally

147
Q

gigantism

A

a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life

148
Q

glucagon

A

A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

149
Q

glucocorticoids

A

raises blood sugar levels

150
Q

glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

151
Q

glycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar

152
Q

gonadogenesis

A

creation/development of gonads

153
Q

gonads

A

sex glands

154
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

155
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

excessive cholesterol in the blood

156
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

157
Q

hypergonadism

A

the condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands

158
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in the blood

159
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive fat in the blood

160
Q

hypernatremia

A

excessive sodium in the blood

161
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive production of parathormone

162
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

excessive phosphate in the blood

163
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

164
Q

hypercalcemia

A

deficient calcium in the blood

165
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

166
Q

hypogonadism

A

the condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands

167
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

insufficient magnesium in the blood

168
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

169
Q

hypophysectomy

A

removal of the pituitary gland

170
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

state of deficient pituitary gland activity

171
Q

ketogenesis

A

creation of ketone bodies

172
Q

ketogenic diet

A

diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body

173
Q

ketosis

A

condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism

174
Q

metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

175
Q

pancreatalgia

A

pain in the pancreas

176
Q

oxytocin

A

a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.

177
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

178
Q

pancreatolith

A

stone in the pancreas

179
Q

pancreatolithectomy

A

removal of the stone in the pancreas

180
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

presence of a stone in the pancreas

181
Q

pancreatolysis

A

destruction of pancreatic tissue

182
Q

pancreatopathy

A

any disease of the pancreas

183
Q

parathryoidectomy

A

removal of the parathyroid gland

184
Q

parathyroidoma

A

tumor of a parathyroid gland

185
Q

pituitary adenoma

A

tumor on the pituitary gland

186
Q

polyadenopathy

A

disease involving many glands

187
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland

188
Q

thymolytic

A

destruction of the thymus tissue

189
Q

thyrocele

A

another name for goiter

190
Q

thyroid function tests

A

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

191
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of the thyroid gland

192
Q

thyroidotomy

A

incision of the thyroid gland

193
Q

thyroidotoxin

A

substance poisonous to the thyroid gland

194
Q

thyromegaly

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

195
Q

thyroparathyroidectomy

A

excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

196
Q

thyroptosis

A

downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid

197
Q

thyrotomy

A

surgery performed on the thyroid gland

198
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

199
Q

thyrotropic

A

pertaining to influencing the thyroid gland

200
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

201
Q

uremia

A

urine in the blood

Medical Terminology (28 decks)

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