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Medical Terminology > Med Term Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Med Term Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o, vascul/o, vas/o

A

vessel

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2
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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3
Q

apher/o

A

withdrawal

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4
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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5
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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6
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper chambers of heart

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7
Q

cardi/o, coron/o

A

heart

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8
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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9
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation, clotting

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10
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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11
Q

cyte, cyt/o

A

cell

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12
Q

embol/o

A

plug, embolus

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13
Q

emia

A

blood condition

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14
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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15
Q

-globin, -globulin

A

protein

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16
Q

hemat/o, hem/o

A

blood

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17
Q

immun/o

A

immunity/immune

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18
Q

isch/o

A

hold back, block

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19
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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20
Q

lymph/o

A

lymphatic system/tissue

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21
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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22
Q

perfus/o

A

blood flow

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23
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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24
Q

poiesis

A

blood formation

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25
Q

rhythm/o

A

rhythm

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26
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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27
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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28
Q

septic/o

A

infected, decay

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29
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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30
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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31
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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32
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

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33
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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34
Q

varic/o

A

abnormally dilated

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35
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower chambers of heart

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36
Q

anemia

A

pathological decrease of red cells, causes weakness and fatigue

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37
Q

aneurysm

A

widening of blood vessels and weakening of the vessel wall

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38
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain caused by insufficient blood flow to heart muscle

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39
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by body due to presence of an antigen

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40
Q

antigen

A

substances that causes the body to produce antibodies

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41
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow of blood from aorta into heart; cause by weak heart valve

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42
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal rate or rhythm of heart beat

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43
Q

atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of arteries due to buildup of fatty plaques

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44
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of atria, aka a-fib

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45
Q

autoimmune disease

A

when immune system attacks normal body cells/tissues

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46
Q

automatic external defibrillator

A

portable electronic device, automatically diagnoses life-threatening arrhythmia’s, delivers electrical chock to restore normal rhythm

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47
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate

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48
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of heart contraction and blood circulation

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49
Q

coagulopathy

A

impaired ability of blood to clot

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50
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure

A

heart chambers inability to fill/empty adequately, heart wall becomes stretched/weak

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51
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass narrowed or blocked coronary artery and improve blood supply to heart muscle

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52
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, insufficient oxygen to heart muscle, cause angina pectoris

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53
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish color to skin/mucus membrane caused by insufficient blood flow or insufficient oxygen in blood

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54
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clot located in deep veins of the body, usually in lower extremity

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55
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of skin caused by bruising

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56
Q

embolism

A

an embolus that lodges in and blocks a blood vessel

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57
Q

embolus

A

any matter that forms in circulation (air bubble, blood clot, plaque, fat)

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58
Q

hemophilia

A

blood doesn’t clot due to hereditary lack of blood clotting factor(s)

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59
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

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60
Q

immunocompromised

A

an immune system that does not respond normally or completely to a pathogen or disease

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61
Q

ischemia

A

insufficient blood flow to any body part/tissue/organ

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62
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of blood flow or marrow, marked increase of white blood cells

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63
Q

malaise

A

vague feeling of general body discomfort, may be first indication of infection or disease

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64
Q

mononucleosis

A

disease caused by Epstein-Barre virus, transmitted through saliva, characterized by fatigue, rash, swollen glands

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65
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound due to inability of heart valves to close completely during contractions

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66
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of heart muscle area due to lack of blood flow, aka heart attack

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67
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

temporarily circulation/oxygenation of patient’s blood by machine during open heart surgery

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68
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

basic life support

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69
Q

cardiotonic

A

medication that increases strength of heart contractions

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70
Q

cardioversion

A

return heart to normal cardiac rhythm by delivering brief electrical discharge across chest

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71
Q

coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to itself via coronary arteries

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72
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure exertion on blood vessels that binds oxygen and gives red blood cells red color

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73
Q

immunoblobulin

A

protein produced by white cells to fight invaders, aka antibody

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74
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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75
Q

lymph node

A

clusters of lymphatic tissue, filter pathogens, and cancer cells from lymphatic, full of white blood (immune) cells

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76
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

treatment for coronary artery disease, passes instruments up patient’s blood vessel into heart, aka angioplasty

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77
Q

phagocytosis

A

when phagocyte (white blood cells) “eats” (engulfs) something

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78
Q

phelbotomy

A

surgically open/puncture vein to withdraw blood or introduce tx

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79
Q

platelet

A

cell fragment involved in blood clotting

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80
Q

sclerotherapy

A

varicose vein treatment; chemical injection into varicose vein to cause inflammation, form fibrosis tissue, and close vein

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81
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

equipment used to measure blood pressure

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82
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

image of heart produced by sound waves while patient increases physical stress during exercise

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83
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected from heart with each contraction

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84
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracted

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85
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

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86
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

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87
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

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88
Q

HR

A

heart rate

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89
Q

Ig

A

immunoglobulin

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90
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena cava

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91
Q

IVS

A

interventricular septum

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92
Q

LA

A

left atrium

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93
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

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94
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

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95
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

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96
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythem

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97
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

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98
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

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99
Q

RA

A

right atrium

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100
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

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101
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

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102
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

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103
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

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104
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

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105
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

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106
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

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107
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

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108
Q

angiocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart and blood vessels

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109
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of the blood vessels

110
Q

angiogram

A

record of a vessel

111
Q

angiography

A

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

112
Q

angioma

A

tumor composed of blood vessels

113
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

a medication administered to control irregularities of the hearbeat

114
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevents blood clotting

115
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

116
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

117
Q

aortitis

A

inflammation of the aorta

118
Q

arterietoctomy

A

surgical removal of part of an artery

119
Q

arteriogram

A

record of an artery

120
Q

arteriopathy

A

disease of the arteries

121
Q

arterioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of an artery

122
Q

arteriorraphy

A

structure of an artery

123
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

124
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

125
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of an artery

126
Q

asplenia

A

absence of a spleen or of spleen function

127
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

128
Q

atherogenesis

A

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

129
Q

cardiologist

A

heart speciallist

130
Q

cardiology

A

study of the heart

131
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

132
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

133
Q

cardiomyotomy

A

incision into the heart muscle

134
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to go to the heart

135
Q

cardiotoxic

A

poisonous to the heart

136
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

137
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart

138
Q

congenital heart defects

A

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

139
Q

coronary arterectomy

A

surgical removal of a coronary artery

140
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

141
Q

cytapheresis

A

apheresis to remove cellular material

142
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

143
Q

dysrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

144
Q

echocardiogram

A

ultrasound of the heart

145
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound recording of heart function

146
Q

edema

A

swelling

147
Q

effusion

A

swelling in a joint

148
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the heart

149
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

150
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus

151
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

152
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

153
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

154
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer of the heart

155
Q

fibrillation

A

uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle

156
Q

hemangloma

A

tumor consisting of blood vessels

157
Q

hematology

A

study of blood

158
Q

hematoma

A

tumor of blood

159
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

160
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

161
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

162
Q

hemmorrhage

A

excessive or profuse bleeding

163
Q

hemostatic

A

drug that stops the flow of blood

164
Q

hepatitis B

A

inflammation of the liver cause by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

165
Q

hepatospenitis

A

inflammation of the liver and spleen

166
Q

hepatospenomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver and spleen

167
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

virus that attacks the immune system

168
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

excessive cholesterol in the blood

169
Q

hypercogulability

A

increased ability of the blood to coagulate

170
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive fat in the blood

171
Q

hypersplenism

A

increased spleen activity

172
Q

hypervolemia

A

increased blood volume

173
Q

hypoperfusion

A

a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part

174
Q

hypovolemia

A

decreased blood volume

175
Q

immunologist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system

176
Q

immunology

A

study of the immune system

177
Q

immunosuppression

A

impaired ability to provide an immune response

178
Q

inferior vena cava

A

carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium

179
Q

iro deficiency anemia

A

anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells

180
Q

laparosplenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen

181
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in the number of white blood cells

182
Q

leukopenia

A

deficiency of white blood cells

183
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

removal of a lymph node

184
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes

185
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph nodes

186
Q

lymphadenotomy

A

incision into a lymph node

187
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

dilation of lymph vessels

188
Q

lymphangiogram

A

record of the study of lymph vessels

189
Q

lymphangiography

A

procedure to study the lymph vessels

190
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymph vessels

191
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissue

192
Q

lymphocyte

A

a type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

193
Q

lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

194
Q

lymphopenia

A

abnormal deficiency in lymph

195
Q

macrocytosis

A

presence of large red blood cells

196
Q

microcytosis

A

presence of small blood cells

197
Q

myeloma

A

tumor of the bone marrow

198
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of bone marrow

199
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

200
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

201
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

202
Q

nephrosplenopexy

A

surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney

203
Q

neutropenia

A

deficiency of neutrophils

204
Q

occlusion

A

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

205
Q

oligocythemia

A

deficiency in the number of red blood cells

206
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

207
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all types of blood cells

208
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest pain

209
Q

perfusion

A

the supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the cells and tissue of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

210
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart

211
Q

Pericardium

A

membrane surrounding the heart

212
Q

pericardotomy

A

incision into the tissue around the heart

213
Q

phlebalgia

A

pain in a vein

214
Q

phlebarteriectasia

A

dilation of blood vessels

215
Q

phlebectomy

A

excision of a vein

216
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

217
Q

phlebologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of a vein

218
Q

phlebology

A

study of veins

219
Q

phlebophlebostomy

A

procedure to create an opening between two veins

220
Q

phleborrhaphy

A

suture of a vein

221
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

222
Q

phlebostenosis

A

narrowing of a vein

223
Q

Phlebotomist

A

specialist in drawing blood

224
Q

plasmaphoresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

225
Q

plateletphoresis

A

Separation of platelets from the rest of the blood.

226
Q

Reperfusion

A

re-establishment of blood flow

227
Q

sonography

A

use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye

228
Q

splenalgia

A

pain in the spleen

229
Q

splenectomy

A

surgical removal of the spleen

230
Q

splenitis

A

inflammation of the spleen

231
Q

splenodynia

A

pain in the spleen

232
Q

splenolysis

A

destruction of the spleen

233
Q

splenomalacia

A

softening of the spleen

234
Q

splenopathy

A

any disease of the spleen

235
Q

splenoptosis

A

downward displacement of the spleen

236
Q

splenorrhexis

A

rupture of the spleen

237
Q

superior vena cava

A

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart

238
Q

Systole

A

contraction of the heart

239
Q

Systolic

A

blood pressure in an artery during heart contraction

240
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

241
Q

throbocytopenia

A

low platelet count

242
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

243
Q

thrombocytosis

A

abnormally high platelet count

244
Q

thromboembolism

A

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream.

245
Q

thromboembolus

A

detached thrombus

246
Q

thrombogenic

A

capable of producing a blood clot

247
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that breaks down blood clots

248
Q

thromboplebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

249
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

250
Q

thrombosis

A

blood clot

251
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland

252
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

over development of the thymus

253
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

254
Q

thymopathy

A

disease of the thymus gland

255
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsil

256
Q

tonsilitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

257
Q

troponin

A

A protein of muscle that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin and that when combined with calcium ions permits muscular contraction

258
Q

valvectomy

A

surgical removal of a heart valve

259
Q

valvitis

A

inflammation of the heart valve

260
Q

valvotomy

A

incision into a valve

261
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of a valve

262
Q

varicotomy

A

surgical removal of a varicose vein

263
Q

vascular endoscopy

A

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

264
Q

vasospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

265
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body

266
Q

venectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein

267
Q

venogram

A

radiographic image of a vein

268
Q

venosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

269
Q

venospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a vein

270
Q

venostasis

A

stopping of a vein

271
Q

ventriculotomy

A

incision into a ventricle

Medical Terminology (34 decks)

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