Unit 6 Flashcards
Verbal systems, the qal qatal, parsing verbs
שִׁפְחָה
Handmaid, slavegirl
ב - ו - א
To bring
כֵּלִים
Tools, vessels
כִּי
Because
ח - פ - ץ
To want, to wish for
לֹא
No, not
י - ד - ע
To know, to understand
ג - נ - ב
To steal
אֲשֶׁר
That, which, who
מִלְחָמָה
War
What is a verb tense?
A description of when an action happens
What is a verb aspect?
How an action happens (complete, incomplete, reoccuring, etc)
What is a stem?
A group of verbs that all resemble each other in that they have the same vowel patters, prefixes, etc.
How many verbal stems are there in Biblical Hebrew?
Seven
What is a conjugation in Biblical Hebrew?
A verbal pattern that indicates different tones or aspects (qatal, yiqtol, wayyiwtol, weqatal, volitives, infinitives, participles)
What is the qal qatal used for?
Complete, usually past, actions (occassionally present or future actions)
How do you form the qal qatal?
Suffixes are added to the verbal root, which is pointed with A-class vowels
What conjugations in the qal qatal have common gender?
Third plural, first person singular and plural
What happens if one of the root consonants is a begadkefat letters in the qal qatal?
The weak dagesh is added
What is a meteg?
A vertical line to the left of the vowel that indicates the first syllable is open
What is unusual about the 2fs form in the qal qatal?
It ends in two consonants and the final consonant is pointed with a silent shewa
What is a consonantal suffix?
A suffix beginning with a consonant
What is a vocalic suffix?
A suffix beginning with a vowel
What conjugations have a consonantal suffix and are stressed on the penultimate syllable in the qal qatal?
2ms, 2fs, 1cs, and 1cp
What conjugations have a vocalic suffix and a vocal shewa pointing the syllable?
3fs and 3cp
How does the conjugation change for verbs with a gutteral first radical (in the qal qatal)?
The first syllable of the 2mp and 2fp forms is pointed with a hatef patah instead of a vocal shewa
How does the conjugation change for verbs with a gutteral second radical (in the qal qatal)?
The second syllable of the 3fs and 3cp forms is pointed with hatef patah instead of vocal shewa
How does the conjugation change for verbs with a final נ radical (in the qal qatal)?
The נ assimilates into the 1cp suffix, and itis indicated by a strong dagesh
What are the uses of the qatal?
Preterite actions, the present perfect, the pluperfect, present states
In what contexts is the preterite used for the qatal?
Immediately following the negative participle, in contexts involving a contrast with the previous clause, following a new subject, following a conjugation
What usually triggers the pluperfect meaning of the qatal?
When the qatal follows its subject introduced by the conjunctions ki or esher
What is the most common use of the qatal in the present?
Conveying mental and emotional states
How do you negate the qatal?
By adding the negative participle immediately before it
Where does the direct object usually go in the sentence?
After the verb or after the subject if the subject comes after the verb
When does is the definite direct object marker used?
When the direct object is prefixed by the definite article
What information should you list when parsing a verb?
- Stem
- Conjugation
- Person
- Gender
- Number
- Root
- Translation
נָחָשׁ
Serpent
עָרוּם
Cunning
א - כ - ל
To eat
כֹּל
Every, any, all
עֵץ
Tree
מ - ו - ת
To die
ל - ק - ח
To take
נ - ת - ן
To give
גַּם
Also
אִישׁ
Man, husband
ע - שׂ - ה
To do
אָרוּר
Cursed
אַתָּה
You (ms)
ג - ר - שׁ, pi’el
To banish
