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Biblical Hebrew > Unit 40 > Flashcards

Unit 40 Flashcards

Geminate roots, minor stems

1
Q

שׁ - מ - ם

A

To be amazed, abandoned

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2
Q

ר - ב - ב

A

To be great, multiply

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3
Q

ס - ב - ב

A

To revolve, surround

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4
Q

ה - ל - ל

A

To run around madly, act like a madman

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5
Q

ב - ז - ז

A

To plunder

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6
Q

ר - ע - ע

A

To be bad

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7
Q

ק - ד - ד

A

To bow down

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8
Q

ח - ו - ה

A

To bow down

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9
Q

ח - נ - ן

A

To beg, pardon

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10
Q

מ - ר - ר

A

To embitter

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11
Q

ז - מ - ם

A

To plan, ponder

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12
Q

ר - נ - ן

A

To rejoice

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13
Q

What are geminate roots?

A

Roots whose second and third radical are the same consonant

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14
Q

In which stems are geminate roots different from strong stems?

A

Qal, nifal, hifil, hofal

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15
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the qal qatal?

A
  • The 3ms, 3fs, and 3cp qatal forms conjugate like strong roots
  • The 3ms of stative roots is usually monosyllabic and pointed with patah
  • Consonantal suffixes of active and stative roots are usually added to the base first radical + patah + second radical w/dagesh + waw w/holem
  • The 3fs and 3cp of stative roots are formed by adding the vocalic suffix to the base first radical + patah + second radical w/dagesh
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16
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the qal yiqtol?

A
  • The 3ms of active roots is yod + qamatz + first radical + holem + second radical; stative roots have a base of yod + sere + first radical + patah + second radical
  • When suffixes are added, the second radical doubles
  • When suffixes are added to stative yiqtols the sere may become hireq and the first radical may double as well
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17
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the qal volitives?

A

As expected

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18
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the qal infinitives?

A
  • The infinitive absolute of active roots is identical to strong roots
  • The infinitive construct of active and stative roots take the form first radical + holem + second radical
  • Suffixes are added to the infinitive construct base first radical + qibbus + second radical w/dagesh
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19
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the qal participle?

A

As expected

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20
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hifil qatal?

A
  • The 3ms form is pointed with sere under the first and second radicals
  • When suffixes are added the second radical doubles
  • The stress remains on the penultimate syllable in all suffixed forms except the 2m/fp
  • Consonantal suffixes attach to the base hey + patah hatuf + first radical + hireq + yod + second radical + waw w/holem
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21
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hifil yiqtol/wayyiqtol?

A
  • The 3ms form is usually yod + qamatz + first radical + sere + second radical
  • When suffixes are added the second radical doubles
  • The stress remains on the penultimate syllable in all suffixed forms
  • In the singular wayyiqtol forms the stress retracts and the vowel of the final syllable shortens to segol
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22
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hifil volitives?

A

As expected

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23
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hifil infinitives?

A

The base for both is hey + qamatz + first radical + sere + second radical

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24
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hifil participle?

A
  • The ms form is mem + sere + first radical + sere + second radical
  • When suffixes are added the second radical doubles and the first radical is pointed with hireq
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25
Q

How do geminate roots behave in the hofal?

A
  • Always have shureq or qibbue in their first syllable
  • The second radical doubles when a suffix is added
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26
Q

What stems do hollow and geminate roots prefer?

A

The minor stems (polel, pilpel, polal, polpal, hitpolel, hipalpel, quadriliterals, hishtafel)

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27
Q

What are the polel and pilpel?

A

Variants of the piel used with hollow and geminate roots

28
Q

How is the polel formed?

A

By repearing the second radical; the 3ms qatal is first radical + waw w/holem + second radical + sere + third radical

29
Q

How is the pilpel formed?

A

By reduplicating the first and second radicals

30
Q

What are the polal and polpal?

A

The passive equivalents of the polel and pilpel

31
Q

How is the polal formed?

A

Like the polel except that its second radical is pointed with patah instead of sere

32
Q

How is the polpal formed?

A

Like the pilpel except the first consonant is pointed with qamatz and the third consonant is pointed with patah

33
Q

What are the hitpolel and hitpalpel?

A

The reflexive equivalents of the polel and pilpel

34
Q

How is the hitpolel formed?

A

Like the polel with the hitpael prefix

35
Q

How is the hitpalpel formed?

A

By reduplicating the first and second radicals

36
Q

What are quadriliterals?

A

Roots with four radicals

37
Q

How is the hishtafel formed?

A

Like a III-hey hitpael except its middle radical doesn’t double

38
Q

What is the only hishtafel root in the Hebrew Bible?

A

ח - ו - ה

39
Q

אֲלֻמָּה

40
Q

אַשְׁפְּנַז

41
Q

זֶרַע

A

Seed, descendants, offspring

42
Q

מְלוּכָה

A

Kingdom, royalty

43
Q

פַרְתַּם

44
Q

מ֖וּם

A

Blemish, defect

45
Q

שׂ - כ - ל

A

To be intelligent, have insight

46
Q

דַּעַת

A

Knowledge, understanding

47
Q

מַדָּע

A

Understanding

48
Q

לָשׁוֹן

A

Language, tongue

49
Q

כַּשְׂדִּי

50
Q

פַתְבַּג

A

Foodk provisions

51
Q

דָנִיֵּאל

52
Q

חֲנַנְיָה

53
Q

מִישָׁאֵל

54
Q

עֲזַרְיָה

55
Q

שַׂר

A

Commander, official, chief

56
Q

בֵּלְטְשַׂאצַּר

A

Belteshazzar

57
Q

שַׁדְרַךְ

58
Q

מֵישַׁךְ

59
Q

ג - א - ל

A

To defile oneself

60
Q

ז - ע - ף

A

To look poor, thin, to rage

61
Q

גִּיל

62
Q

ח - ו - ב

A

To endanger

63
Q

מֶלְצַר

A

Overseer, warden

64
Q

בָּרִיא

65
Q

חָזוֹן

66
Q

נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר

A

Nebuchadnezzar

Biblical Hebrew (40 decks)

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