Unit 4 Flashcards
Conjunctions, prepositions, and the furtive patah
עֶבֶד
Slave, servant
אֶל־
to
עִם
With
א - כ - ל
To eat
שׂ - מ - ח
To be happy, to rejoice
ר - ע - ב
Hungry
אֹכֶל
Food
לֶחֶם
Bread
בָּשָׂר
Flesh, meat
שֶׁמֶן
Oil
דְּבַשׁ
Honey
פְרִי
Fruit
יַיִן
Wine
What is the default rule for the conjunction waw?
Waw is pointed with vocal shewa and prefixed directly to the following word with no changes
Does a guttural at the beginning of the word affect the pointing of a conjunctive waw?
No
What happens to a begadkefat letter when a conjunctive waw is added?
The begadkefat letter loses its weak dagesh because it’s now technically following a vowel
What happens when a conjunctive waw is added to a word beginning in בּ, מ, or פּ?
The waw becomes a shurq
What category of consonants includes בּ, מ, and פּ?
Bilabials
What happens when a conjunctive waw is added to a word beginning with any consonant pointed with vocal shewa (except י)?
The waw becomes a shureq and words beginning with a begadkefat letter lose the weak dagesh
What happens when a conjunctive waw is added to a word beginning in י pointed with vocal shewa?
The י quiesces and the conjunction waw is pointed with a hireq
What happens when a conjunctive waw is added to a word beginning in a letter pointed with a reduced vowel?
The waw is pointed with the equivalent short vowel
What form of conjunctive waw is used when linking two related, paired things (i.e. good and evil, bread and water)?
The waw is pointed with a qamatz
What can the conjunctive waw mean?
And, but, whereas
What are independent prepositions?
Words that are not linked to the following noun in any way
What are separable prepositions?
Independent words that are usually joined to the following word by a maqqef
What are inseparable prepositions?
Prefixes consisting of a single consonant
What are the three inseparable prepositions?
בּ ,כּ ,ל
בְּ־
In, at, with, by
-כְּ
Like, as
לְ־
To, for
How are inseparable prepositions typically pointed?
With vocal shewa
How are inseparable prepositions attached to words beginning with consonants pointed with vocal shewa (other than י)?
The first vocal shewa is changed to a hireq
רְחֹב
City square
How are inseparable prepositions attached to words beginning in י with vocal shewa?
The י quiesces and the preposition is pointed with hireq
How are inseparable prepositions attached to words beginning with a consonant pointed with a reduced vowel?
The inseparable preposition is pointed with the corresponsing short vowel
What happens when an inseparable preposition is prefixed to a word already prefixed with the definite article?
The definite article is elided and the preposition takes its place, but the original pointing of the definite article remains
What is a furtive patah?
A patah placed at the right side of the final consonant (typically a guttural)
Why does the furtive patah occur?
Gutturals prefer a-class vowels so if they appear at the end of a sentence following any other vowel, they snatch a patah to satisfy their vowel preferences
רְבִיעִי
Fourth
ר - ו - ץ
To swarm
שֶׁרֶץ
Creeping thing
חֲמִישִׁי
Fifth
אָדָם
Man, mankind
שִׁשִּׁי
Sixth
בָרַךְ
To bless, to kneel
שְׁבִיעִי
Seventh
חָיָה
Living things, animals
