Unit 12 Flashcards
Construct chains, construct states
בְּאֵר
Well
יֶלֶד
Child
תֹּאַר
Form
נְפִילָה
A fall
אֶל-תּוֹךְ
Into
מֵת
Dead, dying
י - צ - א
To exit, to go out
מַלְאָךְ
Angel
נ - ת - ן
To give
שָׂדֶה
Field
כֶּרֶם
Vineyard
חָמַד
Pleasant, coveted (che-med)
שׁוֹשַׁנָּה
Lily
עֵץ
Tree
נְחוֹשֶׁת
Copper, bronze
בַּיִת
House
מִשְׁכָּב
Bed
אַרְגָּמָן
Purple
שֵׁשׁ
Linen
זַיִת
Olive
אוֹצָר
Storehouse
תֶּבֶן
Straw
What is the order of nouns in a construct chain?
Possessed noun (construct state) followed by possessor noun (absolute state)
What is the suffix for singular nouns NOT ending in ה ָ- in the construct state?
No special suffix
What is the suffix for singular nouns ending in ה ָ- in the construct state?
ה ָ- is replaced by patah + ת
What is the suffix for plural or dual nouns ending in -im/aim?
-im is replaced by -ey (sere + yod)
What is the suffix for plural nouns ending in -ot?
No special ending
Why do some nouns experience pointing changes in the construct state?
Because nouns lose their stress when they are put into the construct state
Which types of nouns do not undergo vowel changes in the construct state?
- Monosyllabic singular nouns with a historically long vowel
- Monosyllabic singular nouns with a short vowel
- Disyllabic singular segolates not ending in qamatz + hey
- Singular active participles
- Geminates
How does the construct state affect long vowels in closed syllables?
The vowel reduces to its nearest short equivalent
How does the construct state affect long vowels in open non-final syllables?
The vowel reduces to shewa or hatef patah, if its pointing a guttural
What happens when a plural noun with a vocal shewa in the first syllable has the second vowel reduced to another shewa?
The rule of shewa dictates that the first vocal shewa must be replaced by a hireq; if the noun’s first consonant is a guttural pointed with hatef patah, it’s replaced by a patah
How does the construct state affect vowels that begin with patah + yod + hireq AND qamatz + waw
They reduce to a historically long vowel
How does the construct state affect the pointing of nouns that end with segol + hey?
The vowel lengthens to sere + hey
How does the construct state affect the pointing of geminate nouns whose final consonant is a gutteral?
It doesn’t
נ - ס - ה
To test
ל - ק - ח
To take
ע - ל - ה
To raise up, to offer
עֹלָה
Burnt offering
מַאֲכֶלֶת
Knife
שֶׂה
Lamb
