Unit 21 Flashcards
The qal volitive, negative commands, ms imperatives
פ - ק - ד
To visit, command
נָא
Please, no translation
ט - ע - ם
To taste
ל - כ - ד
To capture
ס - ג - ד
To bow down, to worship
אַל
Don’t
What are volitives in Biblical Hebrew?
A category of verbal forms for expressing commands, requests, and suggestions
What is the cohortative?
A form used to convey first-person suggestions (“let’s ___”, “let me just___”, “why don’t I ___”, “I think I’ll ___”)
How is the cohortative formed?
The first person yiqtol with the suffix qamatz + hey
How does the cohortative ending affect the pointing of the verbal root?
The suffix causes pretonic reduction
What is the imperative?
A form used for issuing commands and requests (“go!”, “come!”)
How do yiqtol commands and imperative commands differ?
The imperative is typically used to give personal, immediate, and one-off commands; the yiqtol is typically used to convey enduring commands and legal instructions that should be obeyed at all times
What is the jussive?
A verbal form used to convey third-person commands (“let them ___”)
How are negative commands formed in Biblical Hebrew?
אַל + a volitive verb
How is the jussive usually formed?
The same as the third person yiqtol
How does negating the 1st and 3rd person command differ from negating the 2nd person command?
The 1st and 3rd person cohortative and yiqtol are prefixed by אַל, the 2nd person imperative is not prefixed by אַל, but the relevant second person yiqtol is
What happens when a masculine singular imperative appears with the suffix qamatz + hey?
The suffix causes pretonic reduction and the application of the rule of shewa
ר - ע - ה
To herd, to gather
יִתְרוֹ
Jethro
חָתָן
Father in law
מִדְיָן
Midian
לְהֶבֶת
Flame
סְנֶה
Bush
ב - ע - ר
To burn
ס - ו - ר
To turn aside
מַרְאֶה
Sight
מַדּוּעַ
Why
ק - ר - ב
To approach
נ - שׁ - ל
To remove
נַעַל
Shoe
עֱנִי
Misery
ח - ל - ץ
To rescue, bring up
רָחָב
Spacious, wide
ז - ו - ב
To flow
חָלָב
Milk
