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Biblical Hebrew > Unit 39 > Flashcards

Unit 39 Flashcards

Hollow roots, the qal passive

1
Q

כ - ו - ן

A

To establish

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2
Q

נ - ו - ס

A

To flee, escape

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3
Q

מַר

A

Bitter

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4
Q

צ - ו - ם

A

To fast

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5
Q

מ - ו - ת

A

To kill

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6
Q

What are hollow roots?

A

Roots that have middle radical (the middle radical is waw or yod)

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7
Q

What stems do hollow roots typically appear in?

A

Qal, hifil, hofal, nifal

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8
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the qal qatal?

A
  • The 3ms takes the form first radical + qamatz + second radical
  • When consonantal suffixes are added the qamatz shortens to patah
  • When subject suffixes are added, the stress remains on the first syllable (except in the 2mp/2fp)
  • When the 2m/fp subject suffixes are added, the stress shifts to the tonic
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9
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the qal yiqtol?

A
  • The 3ms has two possible patterns (yod + qamatz + first radical + waw w/shureq + second radical OR yod + qamatz + first radical + yod + second radical)
  • When vocalic suffixes are added in the 2fs, 3mp, and 2mp the stress remains on the penultimate syllable
  • The 2/3fp has the form tav + shewa + first radical + waw w/shureq + second radical + segol + yod + nun + qamatz + hey
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10
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the qal cohortative and imperative?

A
  • Cohortatives are formed as expected
  • The ms imperative is formed as expected
  • When suffixes are added, the stress remains on the penultimate syllable
  • The fp imperative is formed first radical + holem + second radical + shewa + nun + qamatz + hey
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11
Q

How is the hollow root qal jussive formed?

A

By shortening shurew to holem and hireq-yod to sere

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12
Q

How is the qal wayyiqtol created?

A

Like the jussive but the shortened vowel is reduced even further and the stress moves back to the preceding syllable

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13
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the qal infinitives?

A

As expected

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14
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the qal participle?

A

The ms active is identical to the 3ms qatal form and the fs participle looks almost identical to the 3fs qatal form

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15
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the nifal qatal?

A
  • All roots take the pattern nun + qamatz + first radical + waw w/holem + second radical
  • In all suffixed forms except the 2m/fp the stress remains on the penultimate syllable
  • When consonantal suffixes are added holem-waw changes to shureq and an additional holem-waw is added after the final radical
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16
Q

How do hollow roots behave in nifal yiqtol/wayyiqtol, volitives, and infinitives?

A

The 3ms takes the pattern yod + hireq + first radical w/dagesh + waw w/holem + nun and all other forms are based on this model

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17
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the nifal participle?

A

The 3ms participle is identical to the 3ms qatal form and suffixes are added as expected

18
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil qatal?

A
  • The 3m form is formed first radical + sere + second radical + hireq + yod + final radical
  • When the 3fs and 3cp suffixes are added, the stress remains on the penultimate syllable
  • Consonantal suffixes are added to the base hey + patah hatuf OR segol hatuf + first radical + hireq + yod + second radical + waw w/holem
19
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil yiqtol?

A

The 3ms form is yod + qamatz + first radical + hireq + yod + mem

20
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil cohortative and imperative?

A

Formed as expected

21
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil jussive and wayyiqtol?

A

They look identical to the qal jussive and wayyiqtol forms of II-yod roots

22
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil infinitives?

A
  • The infinitive construct is hey + qamatz + first radical + hireq + yod + second radical
  • The absolute is hey + qamatz + first radical + sere + second radical
23
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hifil participle?

A

The ms form is first radical + sere + second radical + hireq + yod + final radical and all other forms are derived from this form

24
Q

How do hollow roots behave in the hofal?

A

The 3ms qatal is hey + waw w/ shureq + first radical + patah + second radical

25
Q

What happens when hollow roots appear in the piel, pual, or hitpael?

A

The consonantal yod is doubled

26
Q

What’s unusual about the qal passive participle?

A

It doesn’t have a full passive qatal or yiqtol paradigm

27
Q

How are the qal passives pointed?

A

Like puals or hofals

28
Q

דְּבּוֹרָה

29
Q

בָּרָק

30
Q

חֵמָה

31
Q

בִּיתָן

32
Q

מִיטָּה

A

Bed, couch

33
Q

כ - ב - שׁ

A

To violate, conquer

34
Q

ח - פ - ה

35
Q

חַרְבוֹנָא

36
Q

עֵץ

A

Tree, gallows, wood

37
Q

מָרְדְּכַי

38
Q

גָּבוֹהַּ

39
Q

אַמָּה

40
Q

שׁ - כ - ך

A

To decrease, subside

Biblical Hebrew (40 decks)

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