Unit 5 Flashcards
Noun gender and number
מַטְעַם
Delicacy
שׂ - ב - ע
To be full, sated
אָתוֹן
Female donkey
עוֹד
Again
בּוֹא
To come
How can you identify masculine nouns?
- No special ending 2. Typically end in consonants excluding ת 3. May end in any vowel except ה ָ-
How can you identify feminine nouns?
Usually end in ה ָ- or ת-
What is a common gender noun?
A noun that appears as masculine in some cases and feminine in others (light, garden, flock)
What is the plural masculine noun suffix?
ִים-
What is the plural feminine noun suffix?
וֹת-
What nouns are affected by propretonic reduction?
Nouns with a tone-long vowel in an open, pretonic syllable
What is propretonic reduction?
The shifting of the initial tone-long vowel to a reduced vocal shewa to avoid the tone-long vowel being left in an open, propretonic syllable
How do words beginning with gutturals reduce when propretonic reduction occurs?
The tone long vowel reduces to hatef patah
What nouns are affected by pretonic reduction?
Some masculine nouns whose singular form has the vowel pattern o-e (i.e. “sofer) (active participles)
What is pretonic reduction?
The reduction of the second vowel to shewa
What are segolates?
Nouns with the vowel pattern e-e
What is the pluralization pattern for masculine/endingless feminine segolates?
If the second or third consonant is a guttural, both sullables are pointed with patah
What is the pluralization pattern for feminine segolates ending in ה ָ-?
The first syllable undergoes propretonic reduction, the second syllable is pointed with qamatz, and the plural ending is added; if the first consonant is a gutteral, its pointed with hatef patah; the stress moves to the end of the word when the suffix is added
נְחשֶׁת
Copper, bronze
What are geminate nouns?
Nouns consisting of a monosyllabic closed syllable
Why are geminate nouns called ‘geminate’?
Because the last consonant of the word is technically doubled; when the noun is pluralized the strong dagesh returns
What happens to a geminate noun pointed with a long vowel when it’s pluralized?
The long vowel reduces to a short vowel (sere to hireq, holem to qibbus)
How does a geminate noun ending in a guttural pluralize?
If the singular is pointed with a short vowel, the plural undergoes either compensatory lengthening or virtual doubling
How to nouns ending in ה pluralize?
The final vowel and ה are replaced directly by the plural suffix
עָפָר
Dust
נ - ט - ע
To plant
עֵדֶן
Eden
טוּב
Good
ה - י - ה
To be
תַּרְדֵּמָה
Deep sleep
ל - ק - ח
To take
צֵלָע
Rib
ב - נ - ה
To build, establish
