Toxicology II Flashcards
what is the antidote for warfarin poisoning?
vitamin K
what is the antidote for acute opioid poisoning?
naloxone
what is the long term therapy for opioid toxicity?
naltrexone
what is methemoglobinemia? what is the result?
state in which heme iron is in Fe3 state (ferric) and not Fe2 (ferrous) of normal Hb
unable to transport oxygen
what is the antidote for methemoglobinemia?
methylene blue
methylene blue is the antidote for what condition?
methemoglobinemia
definition: toxidrome
common, well characterized clinical syndromes that provide a symptomatic fingerprint of patterns of poisoning associated with specific intoxicants
which drugs can produce a sympathomimetic toxidrome? what are the pupillary, cardiac, and neuro symptoms?
cocaine, amphetamines, PCP
pupils - large
cardiac - HTN
neuro - tremor, hyperthermia
which drugs can produce a sedative / hypnotic toxidrome? what are the CNS, respiratory, pupillary, and cardiac symptoms?
alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines
CNA - coma
respiration - decreased
pupils - miosis or mydriasis
cardiac - hypotension
which drugs can produce a opioid / opiate toxidrome? what are the CNS, respiratory, and pupillary symptoms?
opiates, morphine, codeine, propoxyphene, oxycodone, hydrocodone
CNS - coma
respiratory - depression
pupils - pinpoint
which drugs can produce an anticholinergic toxidrome? what are the CNS, pupillary, and ‘other’ symptoms?
anticholinergics, antidepressants
CNS - agitation
pupils - mydriasis
other - fever, dry skin, flushing, urinary retention
which drugs can produce a cholinergic toxidrome? what are the symptoms?
organophosphates, nicotine
pupils - ppp
other - fasciculations, incontinence, salivation, wheezing, lacrimation, bradycardia
which drugs can produce a tricyclic toxidrome? what are the CNS, pupillary, and cardiac symptoms?
TCAs
CNS - coma, agitation
pupils - mydriasis
cardiac - dysrhythmias, hypotension (alpha blockade)
which drugs can produce a salicylate toxidrome? what are the respiratory and ‘other’ symptoms?
aspirin
respiration - increase or normal
other - diaphoresis, tinnitus, agitation, alkalosis (early), acidosis (late), hyperpyrexia
what is the treatment for benzo toxicity?
flumazenil
