Antibiotics IIa

Question 1

penecillins target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 1

cell wall synthesis

Question 2

cephalosporins target what bacterial cell component?

Answer 2

cell wall synthesis

Question 3

monobactams target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 3

cell wall synthesis

Question 4

glycopeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 4

cell wall synthesis

Question 5

polypeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 5

cell wall synthesis

Question 6

carbapenems target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 6

cell wall synthesis

Question 7

phosphoenolpyruvates target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 7

cell wall synthesis

Question 8

lipopeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 8

cell membrane

Question 9

detergents target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 9

cell membrane

Question 10

tetracyclines target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 10

protein synthesis

Question 11

aminoglycosides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

macrolides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 12

protein synthesis

Question 13

sulfonamides target what bacterial cell component / process?

Answer 13

folate synthesis inhibitors / gyrase inhibitors / DNA damage

Question 14

what are important enzymes in bacterial cell wall building process?

Answer 14

peptidoglycan binding proteins

Question 15

what is the function of the PBPs?

Answer 15

create bond between NAM-NAG peptidoglycan monomers and NAM-NAG chains

Question 16

what are the beta lactam compounds?

Answer 16

penicillins
cephalosporins
monobactams
carbapentems

Question 17

what is the MOA of beta lactam compounds?

Answer 17

bind to and inhibit the PBP enzymes

Question 18

what is the main adverse effect of beta lactam compounds?

Answer 18

hypersensitivity

Question 19

more severe hypersensitivity to beta lactam abx would contraindicate use of what other abx?

Answer 19

….beta lactams

Question 20

penicillin G and V are narrow or broad spectrum?

Answer 20

narrow

Question 21

ampicillin and amoxicillin are narrow or broad spectrum?

Answer 21

broad

Question 22

what is the role of clavulanic acid? what is the clinical use?

Answer 22

beta lactamase inhibitor

given in combination with penicillins to increase efficacy

Question 23

what is the MOA for cephalosporins?

Answer 23

bind to and inhibit PBPs

Question 24

what is the main adverse effect of cephalosporins?

Answer 24

hypersensitivity

Question 25

increasing generations of cephalosporins have narrower or broader spectrum?

Answer 25

broader

Question 26

what class of bacteria represent the narrowest spectrum for cephalosporins?

Answer 26

gram positive cocci

Question 27

which spectrum of cephalosporins give good CNS penetration?

Answer 27

broader (3rd and 4th generations)

Question 28

what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

Answer 28

ceftriaxone cefotaxamine cefdinir cefixime

Question 29

what is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

Answer 29

cefepime

Question 30

what is the MOA of monobactams?

Answer 30

bind to and inhibit PBPs

Question 31

what is the main adverse reaction for monobactams?

Answer 31

hypersensitivity (not a big risk of anaphylaxis)

Question 32

what is an important feature of the monobactams?

Answer 32

penetration into CSF

Question 33

what is the MOA of carbapentems?

Answer 33

bind to and inhibit PBPs

Question 34

which beta lactam group of abx is beta lactamase resistant?

Answer 34

carbapentems

Question 35

what is the key adverse effect of carbapentems?

Answer 35

GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 36

what are the carbapentem compounds?

Answer 36

doripenem imipenem ertapenem meropenem

Question 37

what is problematic about imipenem? what is used to counteract this problem?

Answer 37

inactivated in the kidney cilistatin is coadministered to prevent inactivation

Question 38

what are the three drugs to be considered against MRSA?

Answer 38

vancomycin

Question 39

vancomycin is what type of abx?

Answer 39

glycopeptide

Question 40

what is the tissue penetration profile of vancomycin?

Answer 40

good tissue penetration EXCEPT CNS

Question 41

what is the MOA of vancomycin?

Answer 41

prevents elongation of the peptidoglycan call wall by binding to the D-ala-D-ala pentapeptide and acts as steric inhibitor

Question 42

what is the main adverse effect of vancomycin?

Answer 42

flushing (red neck or "red man syndrome") think skin

Question 43

what is the MOA of bacitracin?

Answer 43

blocks incorporation of amino acids and nucleic acids into cell wall

Question 44

what is the main clinical use for fosfomycin?

Answer 44

UTIs in females

Question 45

what is the MOA of fosfomycin?

Answer 45

blocks an early step in cell wall synthesis by preventing synthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid

Question 46

bacitracin is commonly found in what type of preparations?

Answer 46

topical

Question 47

which two abx block early steps of cell wall synthesis?

Answer 47

fosfomycin | bacitracin

Question 48

inhibiting protein synthesis is generally bactericidal or bacteristatic?

Answer 48

bacteristatic

Question 49

what is the general MOA of the protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 49

disrupt translation by targeting 50S, 30S subunits needed to translate bacterial mRNA

Question 50

what is the MOA of the aminoglycosides?

Answer 50

bind to 30S subunit and blocks initiation of step 1

Question 51

streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, and neomycin are what class of abx?

Answer 51

aminoglycosides

Question 52

what class of abx are used in combination with beta lactam abx to treat serious gram negative infections?

Answer 52

aminoglycosides

Question 53

what class of abx are used in combination with aminoglycoside abx to treat serious gram negative infections?

Answer 53

beta lactams

Question 54

what are the key adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 54

nephrotoxic | ototoxic

Question 55

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are what class of abx?

Answer 55

macrolides

Question 56

what is the MOA of the macrolides?

Answer 56

binds the 50S subunit and impairs translocation to the P site (step 4)

Question 57

what are the key adverse effects of the macrolides?

Answer 57

GI - cramps, nausea, vomiting

Question 58

what abx are agonists of the motilin receptor in the GI tract?

Answer 58

macrolides

Question 59

what is the MOA of tetracyclines?

Answer 59

binds to the 30S subunit and prevents binding of new aminoacyl-tRNA to A site (step 2)

Question 60

what are the key adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 60

nutrient interaction - binds calcium, resulting in growth of calcified tissue - discoloration (bone, teeth) ecological effects - disrupt normal flora photosensitivity (skin)

Question 61

what is a contraindication for tetracycline use?

Answer 61

development (children, pregnant women)

Question 62

what is the MOA of clindamycin?

Answer 62

binds 50S subunit and prevents formation of initiation complexes (step 1) and translocation to P site similar to macrolides (step 4)

Question 63

what are the key adverse effects of clindamycin?

Answer 63

GI