Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Pharmacology > Antibiotics IIa > Flashcards

Antibiotics IIa Flashcards

1
Q

penecillins target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cephalosporins target what bacterial cell component?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

monobactams target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glycopeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

polypeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carbapenems target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phosphoenolpyruvates target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lipopeptides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

detergents target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tetracyclines target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

aminoglycosides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

macrolides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sulfonamides target what bacterial cell component / process?

A

folate synthesis inhibitors / gyrase inhibitors / DNA damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are important enzymes in bacterial cell wall building process?

A

peptidoglycan binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the PBPs?

A

create bond between NAM-NAG peptidoglycan monomers and NAM-NAG chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the beta lactam compounds?

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
monobactams
carbapentems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the MOA of beta lactam compounds?

A

bind to and inhibit the PBP enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the main adverse effect of beta lactam compounds?

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

more severe hypersensitivity to beta lactam abx would contraindicate use of what other abx?

A

….beta lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

penicillin G and V are narrow or broad spectrum?

A

narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ampicillin and amoxicillin are narrow or broad spectrum?

A

broad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the role of clavulanic acid? what is the clinical use?

A

beta lactamase inhibitor

given in combination with penicillins to increase efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the MOA for cephalosporins?

A

bind to and inhibit PBPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the main adverse effect of cephalosporins?

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

increasing generations of cephalosporins have narrower or broader spectrum?

A

broader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what class of bacteria represent the narrowest spectrum for cephalosporins?

A

gram positive cocci

27
Q

which spectrum of cephalosporins give good CNS penetration?

A

broader (3rd and 4th generations)

28
Q

what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A

ceftriaxone
cefotaxamine
cefdinir
cefixime

29
Q

what is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

A

cefepime

30
Q

what is the MOA of monobactams?

A

bind to and inhibit PBPs

31
Q

what is the main adverse reaction for monobactams?

A

hypersensitivity (not a big risk of anaphylaxis)

32
Q

what is an important feature of the monobactams?

A

penetration into CSF

33
Q

what is the MOA of carbapentems?

A

bind to and inhibit PBPs

34
Q

which beta lactam group of abx is beta lactamase resistant?

A

carbapentems

35
Q

what is the key adverse effect of carbapentems?

A

GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

36
Q

what are the carbapentem compounds?

A

doripenem
imipenem
ertapenem
meropenem

37
Q

what is problematic about imipenem? what is used to counteract this problem?

A

inactivated in the kidney

cilistatin is coadministered to prevent inactivation

38
Q

what are the three drugs to be considered against MRSA?

A

vancomycin

39
Q

vancomycin is what type of abx?

A

glycopeptide

40
Q

what is the tissue penetration profile of vancomycin?

A

good tissue penetration EXCEPT CNS

41
Q

what is the MOA of vancomycin?

A

prevents elongation of the peptidoglycan call wall by binding to the D-ala-D-ala pentapeptide and acts as steric inhibitor

42
Q

what is the main adverse effect of vancomycin?

A

flushing (red neck or “red man syndrome”)

think skin

43
Q

what is the MOA of bacitracin?

A

blocks incorporation of amino acids and nucleic acids into cell wall

44
Q

what is the main clinical use for fosfomycin?

A

UTIs in females

45
Q

what is the MOA of fosfomycin?

A

blocks an early step in cell wall synthesis by preventing synthesis of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid

46
Q

bacitracin is commonly found in what type of preparations?

A

topical

47
Q

which two abx block early steps of cell wall synthesis?

A

fosfomycin

bacitracin

48
Q

inhibiting protein synthesis is generally bactericidal or bacteristatic?

A

bacteristatic

49
Q

what is the general MOA of the protein synthesis inhibitors?

A

disrupt translation by targeting 50S, 30S subunits needed to translate bacterial mRNA

50
Q

what is the MOA of the aminoglycosides?

A

bind to 30S subunit and blocks initiation of step 1

51
Q

streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, and neomycin are what class of abx?

A

aminoglycosides

52
Q

what class of abx are used in combination with beta lactam abx to treat serious gram negative infections?

A

aminoglycosides

53
Q

what class of abx are used in combination with aminoglycoside abx to treat serious gram negative infections?

A

beta lactams

54
Q

what are the key adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A

nephrotoxic

ototoxic

55
Q

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are what class of abx?

A

macrolides

56
Q

what is the MOA of the macrolides?

A

binds the 50S subunit and impairs translocation to the P site (step 4)

57
Q

what are the key adverse effects of the macrolides?

A

GI - cramps, nausea, vomiting

58
Q

what abx are agonists of the motilin receptor in the GI tract?

A

macrolides

59
Q

what is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

binds to the 30S subunit and prevents binding of new aminoacyl-tRNA to A site (step 2)

60
Q

what are the key adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

nutrient interaction - binds calcium, resulting in growth of calcified tissue - discoloration (bone, teeth)

ecological effects - disrupt normal flora

photosensitivity (skin)

61
Q

what is a contraindication for tetracycline use?

A

development (children, pregnant women)

62
Q

what is the MOA of clindamycin?

A

binds 50S subunit and prevents formation of initiation complexes (step 1) and translocation to P site similar to macrolides (step 4)

63
Q

what are the key adverse effects of clindamycin?

A

GI

Year 2 Pharmacology (70 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions