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Year 2 Pharmacology > Hematological agents II > Flashcards

Hematological agents II Flashcards

1
Q

in HIT2, antibodies are directed against what complex?

A

PF4 + heparin

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2
Q

what is the result of HIT2?

A
  1. platelets are cleared by macrophages

2. venous and arterial thrombi

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3
Q

what is the name for LMWH?

A

enoxaparin

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4
Q

what is the main clearance site for enoxaparin and fondaparinux?

A

kidney

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5
Q

what is the anticoagulant drug of choice in patients with long term osteoporosis?

A

LMWH

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6
Q

what is fondaparinux?

A

only the pentasaccharide sequence of heparin

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7
Q

what is fondaparinux used for?

A

initial treatment of established venous thromboembolism

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8
Q

what test is used to monitor LMWH and fondaparinux activity?

A

factor Xa assay

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9
Q

what are the benefits of direct thrombin inhibitors over heparin?

A

can bind and inhibit thrombin bound to fibrin

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10
Q

how does warfarin work?

A
  1. inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase

2. prevents vitamin K reduction / regeneration, thus preventing carboxylation of resides on factors 10, 9, 7, and 2

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11
Q

where is warfarin metabolized?

A

liver

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12
Q

which test is used to monitor warfarin activity?

A

prothrombin time (PT) assay

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13
Q

what is the international normalized ratio (INR)? what is the normal target?

A
  1. way to normalize variables between different patients’ PT assay times
  2. 2-3
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14
Q

which drugs potentiate warfarin’s effects (increase INR)?

A
  1. BSAbx
  2. NSAIDs
  3. SSRIs
  4. statins
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15
Q

which drugs lessen the effects of warfarin (decrease INR)?

A
  1. rifampin
  2. barbiturates
  3. carbamazepine
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16
Q

how does renal insufficiency affect INR?

A

increase

17
Q

how does Crohn’s disease - reduced vitamin K absorption - affect the INR?

A

increase

18
Q

what is the MOA for rivaroxaban?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

19
Q

what is the MOA for dabigatran?

A
  1. oral thrombin inhibitor

2. contraindicated in patients with mechanical heart valves

20
Q

what are the fibrinolytic agents?

A
  1. streptokinase
  2. urokinase plasminogen activators
  3. tissue plasminogen activators
21
Q

what type of drug is alteplase?

A

tissue plasminogen activator

22
Q

what is the main use for alteplase?

A

STEMI within 12 hours

23
Q

what class of drug are aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid? what is the MOA?

A
  1. antifibinolytic

2. block interaction of plasmin with fibrin - prevents clot degradation

Year 2 Pharmacology (70 decks)

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