Pharmacogenomics I

Question 1

definition: pharmacogenomics

Answer 1

study of how the genome can influence responses to drugs

Question 2

definition: monogenic drug response

Answer 2

variation in a single gene causing difference in specific drug response

Question 3

definition: multigenic drug response

Answer 3

variations in multiple genes causing difference in a specific drug response

Question 4

variation in a single gene causing difference in specific drug response

Answer 4

monogenic drug response

Question 5

variations in multiple genes causing difference in a specific drug response

Answer 5

multigenic drug response

Question 6

definition: gene by environment phenotype

Answer 6

drug response is a complex interplay between environment and genetic factors

Question 7

definition: SNP

Answer 7

one nucleotide in a gene is changed

Question 8

where are SNPs located in the genome?

Answer 8

protein coding region

Question 9

synonymous SNPs

Answer 9

base pair change does NOT cause amino acid substitution

Question 10

nonsynonymous SNPs

Answer 10

base pair change leads to an amino acid substitution

Question 11

base pair change does NOT cause amino acid substitution

Answer 11

synonymous SNP

Question 12

base pair change leads to an amino acid substitution

Answer 12

nonsynonymous SNP

Question 13

what are copy number variants (CNVs)?

Answer 13

complete deletion or duplication of a particular gene

Question 14

definition: cosmopolitan polymorphisms

Answer 14

polymorphisms common across all ethnic groups

Question 15

polymorphisms common across all ethnic groups

Answer 15

cosmopolitan polymorphisms

Question 16

definition: population polymorphisms

Answer 16

polymorphisms that differ between groups (ethnic or race)

Question 17

polymorphisms that differ between groups (ethnic or race)

Answer 17

population polymorphisms

Question 18

definition: pharmacological traits

Answer 18

any measurable trait associated with a drug (phenotype)

Question 19

what is the benefit of pharmacological traits?

Answer 19

sum of all genes gives rise to an effect

Question 20

what is the disadvantage of pharmacological traits?

Answer 20

non-genetic influences give rise to unstable responses

Question 21

what is the phenotype to genotype approach?

Answer 21

start out by directly measuring pharmacogenetic trait, and genotype individuals from each groups to determine differences in DNA sequence

Question 22

what is the candidate gene approach?

Answer 22

determine polymorphisms by genotyping a specific gene that is predicted to cause differences in pharmacogenetic trait between the two groups

Question 23

what is the disadvantage of the candidate gene approach?

Answer 23

wrong gene might be studied

Question 24

what is the disadvantage of the genome wide approach?

Answer 24

identification that does not matter

Question 25

what is the genome wide approach?

Answer 25

unbiased survey of all differences in entire genome between two groups