Autonomic pharmacology I

Question 1

which organs receive only sympathetic innervation?

Answer 1

1. hair follicles
2. thermoregulatory sweat glands
3. liver
4. adrenal glands
5. kidney

Question 2

all preganglionic fibers secrete which NT?

Answer 2

Ach

Question 3

which enzyme is responsible for brining choline into the nerve terminal?

Answer 3

CHT

Question 4

which drug blocks entry of choline into the nerve terminal?

Answer 4

hemicholiniums

Question 5

which enzyme is responsible for brining Ach into the vesicle?

Answer 5

VAT

Question 6

which enzyme is responsible for forming Ach from AcCoA and choline?

Answer 6

ChAT

Question 7

which drug blocks entry of Ach into the vesicle?

Answer 7

vesamicol

Question 8

which enzymes are responsible for fusion of vesicle to the nerve terminal membrane?

Answer 8

VAMPs

Question 9

what is the function of neostigmine?

Answer 9

Anticholinesterase - increases Ach in synapse and thus PNS function

Question 10

what is the function of tubocurarine?

Answer 10

neuromuscular blocking agent - cholinoceptor antagonist

Question 11

which receptor is found on the dilator (radial) muscle of the iris?

Answer 11

a1

Question 12

which receptor is found on the constrictor (sphincter) muscle of the iris?

Answer 12

M3

Question 13

which receptors are found on the ciliary muscle?

Answer 13

M3, B2

Question 14

which receptors are found on the ciliary body epithelium?

Answer 14

a2, B1, B2

Question 15

what is the result of M3 receptor activation in the eye?

Answer 15

1. constriction of sphincter pupillae muscle
2. contraction of ciliary muscle (relaxation of lens)
3. opening of Canal of Schlemm

Question 16

what is the result of muscarinic antagonism in the eye?

Answer 16

1. mydriasis (no M3 activity)

2. paralysis of accommodation - cycloplegia (no M3 activity)

Question 17

what is the primary receptor in the heart?

Answer 17

M2

Question 18

what is the mechanism of M2 activation in the heart?

Answer 18

1. alpha subunit of Gi/o inhibits adenylyl cyclase
2. decrease in cAMP
3. decrease in PKA
4. overall inhibitory

Question 19

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the SA node?

Answer 19

decreased HR - negative chronotropy

Question 20

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the AV node?

Answer 20

decreased conduction velocity

Question 21

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the atrial muscle?

Answer 21

decreased atrial contraction

Question 22

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on ventricular muscle?

Answer 22

decreased ventricular contraction (weak effect)

Question 23

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 23

contraction - bronchospasm

Question 24

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bronchiolar submucosal glands?

Answer 24

secretion, narrowed lumen

Question 25

are M3 receptor activators or inhibitors better for treating an asthma attack?

Answer 25

inhibitor

Question 26

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the stomach?

Answer 26

increased motility and cramps

Question 27

what is the effect of M1, M3 receptor activation on GI glands?

Answer 27

secretion

Question 28

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the intestines?

Answer 28

contraction - diarrhea, involuntary defecation

Question 29

why is it that both M1 and M3 receptors play a role in controlling gastric acid secretion?

Answer 29

1. Ach via vagus directly activates parietal cells (M3) - increased proton production 2. Ach via vagus activates M1 receptors on ECL cells - histamine production (which later stimulates H2 receptors on parietal cells)

Question 30

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bladder?

Answer 30

1. contraction of detrusor 2. relax trigone / sphincter 3. voiding / incontinence

Question 31

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on normal blood vessels?

Answer 31

Ach binds to M3 receptors on endothelial cells leading to calcium influx and Gq activation - eventual production of NO and vasodilation

Question 32

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on blood vessels with damaged endothelial cells?

Answer 32

vasoconstriction - Ach activates M3 receptors directly on smooth muscle (unopposed by NO from endothelial action)