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Year 2 Pharmacology > Autonomic pharmacology I > Flashcards

Autonomic pharmacology I Flashcards

1
Q

which organs receive only sympathetic innervation?

A
  1. hair follicles
  2. thermoregulatory sweat glands
  3. liver
  4. adrenal glands
  5. kidney
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2
Q

all preganglionic fibers secrete which NT?

A

Ach

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3
Q

which enzyme is responsible for brining choline into the nerve terminal?

A

CHT

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4
Q

which drug blocks entry of choline into the nerve terminal?

A

hemicholiniums

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5
Q

which enzyme is responsible for brining Ach into the vesicle?

A

VAT

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6
Q

which enzyme is responsible for forming Ach from AcCoA and choline?

A

ChAT

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7
Q

which drug blocks entry of Ach into the vesicle?

A

vesamicol

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8
Q

which enzymes are responsible for fusion of vesicle to the nerve terminal membrane?

A

VAMPs

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9
Q

what is the function of neostigmine?

A

Anticholinesterase - increases Ach in synapse and thus PNS function

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10
Q

what is the function of tubocurarine?

A

neuromuscular blocking agent - cholinoceptor antagonist

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11
Q

which receptor is found on the dilator (radial) muscle of the iris?

A

a1

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12
Q

which receptor is found on the constrictor (sphincter) muscle of the iris?

A

M3

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13
Q

which receptors are found on the ciliary muscle?

A

M3, B2

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14
Q

which receptors are found on the ciliary body epithelium?

A

a2, B1, B2

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15
Q

what is the result of M3 receptor activation in the eye?

A
  1. constriction of sphincter pupillae muscle
  2. contraction of ciliary muscle (relaxation of lens)
  3. opening of Canal of Schlemm
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16
Q

what is the result of muscarinic antagonism in the eye?

A
  1. mydriasis (no M3 activity)

2. paralysis of accommodation - cycloplegia (no M3 activity)

17
Q

what is the primary receptor in the heart?

A

M2

18
Q

what is the mechanism of M2 activation in the heart?

A
  1. alpha subunit of Gi/o inhibits adenylyl cyclase
  2. decrease in cAMP
  3. decrease in PKA
  4. overall inhibitory
19
Q

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the SA node?

A

decreased HR - negative chronotropy

20
Q

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the AV node?

A

decreased conduction velocity

21
Q

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on the atrial muscle?

A

decreased atrial contraction

22
Q

what is the effect of M2 receptor activation on ventricular muscle?

A

decreased ventricular contraction (weak effect)

23
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

contraction - bronchospasm

24
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bronchiolar submucosal glands?

A

secretion, narrowed lumen

25
Q

are M3 receptor activators or inhibitors better for treating an asthma attack?

A

inhibitor

26
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the stomach?

A

increased motility and cramps

27
Q

what is the effect of M1, M3 receptor activation on GI glands?

A

secretion

28
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the intestines?

A

contraction - diarrhea, involuntary defecation

29
Q

why is it that both M1 and M3 receptors play a role in controlling gastric acid secretion?

A
  1. Ach via vagus directly activates parietal cells (M3) - increased proton production
  2. Ach via vagus activates M1 receptors on ECL cells - histamine production (which later stimulates H2 receptors on parietal cells)
30
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on the bladder?

A
  1. contraction of detrusor
  2. relax trigone / sphincter
  3. voiding / incontinence
31
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on normal blood vessels?

A

Ach binds to M3 receptors on endothelial cells leading to calcium influx and Gq activation - eventual production of NO and vasodilation

32
Q

what is the effect of M3 receptor activation on blood vessels with damaged endothelial cells?

A

vasoconstriction - Ach activates M3 receptors directly on smooth muscle (unopposed by NO from endothelial action)

Year 2 Pharmacology (70 decks)

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