Antiretroviral drugs

Question 1

what are the NTRIs?

Answer 1

zidovudine 
lamivudine 
abacavir 
tenofovir disoproxil 
emtricitabine

Question 2

what are the NNTRIs?

Answer 2

nevirapine

efavirenz

Question 3

what is the fusion inhibitor agent?

Answer 3

enfuvirtide

Question 4

what are the protease inhibitor agents?

Answer 4

ritonavir
atazanavir
darunavir

Question 5

what is the coreceptor antagonist agent?

Answer 5

maraviroc

Question 6

what are the integrase inhibitor agents?

Answer 6

raltegravir
elvitegravir
dolutegravir

Question 7

what is the target of NRTIs?

Answer 7

reverse transcriptase

Question 8

what are the adverse effects common to the NTRIs?

Answer 8

lactic acidosis
fatty liver
lipodystrophy

Question 9

what is the MOA of the NTRIs?

Answer 9

mimic nucleotides to inhibit nt binding to catalytic site and cause chain termination when incorporated into DNA

Question 10

abacavir is what class of drug?

Answer 10

NTRI

Question 11

which drug should be avoided in HIV patients with opiate substance abuse? why?

Answer 11

abacavir

lowers effectiveness of methadone

Question 12

abacavir is an analogue of what compound?

Answer 12

guanosine

Question 13

lamivudine is an analogue of what compound?

Answer 13

cytosine

Question 14

what are the therapeutic indications for lamivudine?

Answer 14

naive and experienced HIV patients
HBV
safe for pregnant women and neonates

Question 15

what are the therapeutic indications for abacavir?

Answer 15

naive and experienced HIV patients

Question 16

emtricitabine is an analogue of what compound?

Answer 16

fluorinated analogue of lamivudine

Question 17

lamivudine is what class of drug?

Answer 17

NTRI

Question 18

emtricitabine is what class of drug?

Answer 18

NTRI

Question 19

emtricitabine is contraindicated in what populations?

Answer 19

pregnant women
young children
renal or hepatic failure

Question 20

tenofovir is what class of drug?

Answer 20

NTRI

Question 21

tenofovir is an analogue of what compound?

Answer 21

adenosine

Question 22

which NTRI is suggested to reduce transmission?

Answer 22

tenofovir

Question 23

zidovudine is what class of drug?

Answer 23

NTRI

Question 24

zidovudine is an analogue of what compound?

Answer 24

deoxythymidine

Question 25

what are the adverse effects of zidovudine?

Answer 25

myelosuppression | fatigue, malaise, nausea

Question 26

what is the main therapeutic indication for zidovudine?

Answer 26

post exposure prophylaxis

Question 27

what is the target for the NNTRIs?

Answer 27

reverse transcriptase (does not bind to active site)

Question 28

do NNTRIs require phosphorylation for activation?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what is the important adverse effect of NNTRIs?

Answer 29

drug-drug interactions due to effects on cyp450 enzymes

Question 30

efavirenz is what class of drug?

Answer 30

NNTRI

Question 31

nevirapine is what class of drug?

Answer 31

NNTRI

Question 32

cross resistance can occur between nevirapine and what other drug?

Answer 32

efavirenz

Question 33

what NNTRI can be used to prevent vertical transmission?

Answer 33

nevirapine

Question 34

what is the MOA for the protease inhibitors?

Answer 34

mimic peptide targets for protease

Question 35

what is the important adverse effect for the protease inhibitors?

Answer 35

drug interactions due to alteration of cyp450 enzymes

Question 36

which antiretroviral drug classes alter activity of cyp450 enzymes?

Answer 36

NNTRIs | PIs

Question 37

atazanavir is what class of drug?

Answer 37

PI

Question 38

what drugs should be avoided with atazanavir use?

Answer 38

PPIs

Question 39

ritonavir is what class of drug?

Answer 39

PI

Question 40

what is the main adverse effect of ritonavir?

Answer 40

potent inhibitor of cyp enzymes

Question 41

which antiretroviral drug is used as a low dose booster? why? which class of drug is this?

Answer 41

ritonavir - increased half life of ARV due to cyp effect PI

Question 42

what class of drug is darunavir?

Answer 42

PI

Question 43

which drug is useful in HIV strains that are resistant to multiple PIs?

Answer 43

darunavir

Question 44

coreceptor antagonists bind what protein?

Answer 44

CCR5

Question 45

maraviroc is what class of drug?

Answer 45

coreceptor antagonist

Question 46

what is the therapeutic indication for maraviroc?

Answer 46

therapy experienced patients with predominantly CCR5 tropic virus

Question 47

what must be screened for prior to using coreceptor antagonists?

Answer 47

CCR5 tropism

Question 48

enfuvirtide is what class of drug?

Answer 48

FI

Question 49

which ARV drugs is injected?

Answer 49

enfuvirtide

Question 50

what are the adverse effects of enfuvirtide?

Answer 50

painful nodule at injection site | insomnia, eosinophilia, allergy

Question 51

which situation is indicated for enfuvirtide?

Answer 51

treatment experienced patients with evidence of HIV replication even with ARV treatment

Question 52

raltegravir is what class of drug?

Answer 52

integrase inhibitor

Question 53

elvitegravir is what class of drug?

Answer 53

integrase inhibitor

Question 54

what drugs must be administered with elvitegravir? why?

Answer 54

cobicistat ritonavir inhibit cyp enzymes to increase afficacy

Question 55

dolutegravir is what class of drug?

Answer 55

integrase inhibitor

Question 56

which integrase inhibitor retains activity against strains that are resistance to both raltegravir and elvitegravir?

Answer 56

dolutegravir

Question 57

who is ARV therapy recommended for?

Answer 57

all HIV patients regardless of CD4 count perinatal and heterosexual most important

Question 58

what is the preferred combination ARV therapy?

Answer 58

1 PI (ritonavir boosted) plus 2 NTRIs -OR- 1 II plus 2 NTRIs