Antibiotics III Flashcards
what are good choices for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections? what if there is an allergy to these?
penicillins (ampicillin)
1st generation cephalosporin (cephalexin)
if allergy - vancomycin, clindamycin
what are good choices for complicated skin and soft tissue infections?
penicillin plus lactamase inhibitor
broader spectrum
what three major agents are used against MRSA?
vancomycin
linezolid
daptomycin
what are the empiric agents for osteomyelitis?
vancomycin
cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefepime)
what general class of abx drugs is used against bone and joint infections?
cell wall inhibitors
what agents are used for bone and joint infections following surgery?
penicillin plus lactamase inhibitor
what agent is used as empiric treatment of septic arthritis?
ceftriaxone
what agents are used for MRSA in septic arthritis?
vancomycin
linezolid
daptomycin
what agents are used for acute sinusitis?
amoxicillin plus clavulanate
what agents are used for pharyngitis in upper respiratory tract infections?
penicillin or amoxicillin
with penicillin, can be more confident of gram positivity
what agents are used for ambulatory bacterial pneumonia? what is the reason for this?
macrolides
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
m. pneumoniae does not have a cell wall - do not use agents that target cell walls
what agents are used for hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia?
beta lactam plus macrolide
what agents are used for MRSA complicated bacterial pneumonia?
vancomycin
linezolid
what is the big difference between s. pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae?
mycoplasma pneumoniae does not have peptidoglycan, thus beta lactams will not work
what agents are used for uncomplicated UTI - cystitis?
trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole
what agents are used for uncomplicated UTI - pyelonephritis?
TMP-SMX
fluoroquinolone
what agents are used for complicated UTIs?
fluoroquinolone
TMP-SMX
what agents are used for prostatitis?
fluoroquinolone
TMP-SMX
what agents are used for intra-abdominal infections?
ticarcillin (BSA) plus clavulanate
what agents are used for c. diff infection?
metronidazole (moderate) - c. diff is anaerobic - activates the metronidazole prodrug
vancomycin (severe)
intra-abdominal infections are usually caused by what type of bacteria?
gram negative
what agents are used for community acquired bacterial meningitis in patients over 2 months of age?
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime (3rd and 4th generation - good CNS penetration)
plus vancomycin
what agents are used for community acquired bacterial meningitis in patients under 2 months of age (neonates)?
ampicillin plus cephalosporin with or without gentamicin
what agents are used for sepsis syndrome?
empiric 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin (cefepime)
plus vancomycin
what drugs are used for endocarditis?
ceftriaxone plus vancomycin
what drugs are used for fever and neutropenia?
empiric ciprofloxacin
plus amoxicillin / clavulanate
what agents can be used against MDR enterococci?
linezolid
daptomycin
tigecycline
what agents can be used against MDR gram negative bacteria?
extended spectrum beta lactamases - carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem)
carbapenemases - polymyxin B, tigecycline
