Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Pharmacology > Antibiotics I > Flashcards

Antibiotics I Flashcards

1
Q

the bacterial cell wall is composed of what molecule?

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what constitutes gram positivity of bacteria?

A

thick peptidoglycan wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what constitutes gram negativity of bacteria?

A

thin peptidoglycan wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up the outer membrane structure of gram negative bacteria?

A

LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LPS makes up the outer membrane structures of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the effect of LPS on antibiotics?

A

retards or prevents penetration of bulky, high MW abx (eg erythromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the effect of the lipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane on antibiotics?

A

severely hinders penetration of water soluble drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what component of bacteria retards or prevents penetration of bulky, high MW abx (eg erythromycin)? are these characteristic of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

LPS

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what component of bacteria severely hinders penetration of water soluble drugs? are these characteristic of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

lipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic membrane

gram negative AND gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the effect of hydrophilic pores on antibiotics?

A

allow penetration of water soluble molecules up to 650 daltons (eg sulfonamides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what components of bacteria allow penetration of water soluble molecules up to 650 daltons (eg sulfonamides)? are these characteristic of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

hydrophilic pores

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what components of bacteria are used by agents structurally related to nutrients? are these characteristic of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

nutrient receptor proteins on outer membrane

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the effect of nutrient receptor proteins on the outer membrane?

A

agents structurally related to nutrients use these receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the effect of teichoic acid and teichuronic acid on antibiotics?

A

strong anion character affects rate of penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what component of bacteria affects rate of penetration? are these characteristic of gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

teichoic acid and teichuronic acid

gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the effect of nutrient transport proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

facilitate rapid penetration of agents similar in structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what components of bacteria facilitate rapid penetration of agents similar in structure?

A

nutrient transport proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the three common strategies for killing or inhibiting microorganism growth?

A
  1. disrupt coding / genetic machinery
  2. blocking protein synthesis
  3. disrupting cell wall or membrane synthesis
19
Q

prophylactic therapy

A

treatment in absence of infection in order to prevent (eg travel)

20
Q

preemptive therapy

A

treatment of high risk patients who have become infected but are asymptomatic

21
Q

empirical therapy

A

treatment of SYMPTOMATIC patient without further testing or confirmation of organism

22
Q

definitive therapy

A

treatment once pathogenic organism has been identified and appropriate drug identified

23
Q

suppressive therapy

A

generally a low dose therapy used as secondary prophylaxis

24
Q

treatment in absence of infection in order to prevent (eg travel)

A

prophylactic therapy

25
Q

treatment of high risk patients who have become infected but are asymptomatic

A

preemptive therapy

26
Q

treatment of SYMPTOMATIC patient without further testing or confirmation of organism

A

empirical therapy

27
Q

treatment once pathogenic organism has been identified and appropriate drug identified

A

definitive therapy

28
Q

generally a low dose therapy used as secondary prophylaxis

A

suppressive therapy

29
Q

what are the most common drug resistant bacteria?

A

ESKAPE

enterococcus faecium 
staph aureus 
klebsiella pneumo 
acinetobacter baumanni 
pseudomonas aeruginosa 
enterobacter species
30
Q

what is the therapeutic use for daptomycin?

A

complicated skin infections
bacteremia
endocarditis

31
Q

what is a common way to overcome tetracycline sensitivity?

A

expression of reflux pump

32
Q

what gene mutation results in daptomycin resistance? what is the result?

A

mprF

change in membrane charge - overall net positive charge repels antibiotics that have cationic properties

33
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for tetracycline?

A

BSA for acne, bronchitis, gonorrhea, syphilis

34
Q

what are the common organisms that are resistant to tetracycline?

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae
e. coli
strep pneumo
pseudomonas aeruginosa

35
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for metronidazole?

A

abdominal infections
vaginitis
c. diff colitis
brain abscess

36
Q

what is the mechanism of resistance for metronidazole?

A

mutation of rdxA gene alters or decreases activation of drug (no longer becomes reduced for activation)

37
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for aminoglycosides (streptomycin)?

A

combination therapy for endocarditis, tularemia, plague, TB

38
Q

what is the mechanism of resistance for aminoglycosides?

A

aminoglycoside modifying enzymes chemically modify the antibiotic and alter binding of drug to target

39
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for amoxicillin?

A

BSA for a variety of infections

40
Q

what is the mechanism of resistance for amoxicillin?

A

expression of beta lactamase which can hydrolyze the lactam ring of amoxicillin (and other penicillins and cephalosporins)

41
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for trimethoprim and sulfonamides?

A

combination for UTIs

42
Q

what is the mechanism of resistance for trimethoprim and sulfonamides?

A

expression of drug resistant enzymes dihydropteroate synthase and DHFR

43
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for vancomycin?

A

bloodstream infections
endocarditis
meningitis

44
Q

what is the mechanism of resistance for vancomycin?

A

substitution on peptidoglycan stem so that agent can no longer bind to target

Year 2 Pharmacology (70 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions