CNS depressants and sedatives

Question 1

what are the benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Answer 1

1. flurazepam
2. temazepam
3. triazolam
4. midazolam

Question 2

what are the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs?

Answer 2

1. alprazolam
2. clorazepate
3. diazepam
4. lorazepam
5. oxazepam

Question 3

what are the benzodiazepine-like (Z) drugs?

Answer 3

1. zolpidem

2. eszopiclone

Question 4

what is the serotonin agonist anxiolytic drug?

Answer 4

buspirone

Question 5

what are the therapeutic uses for sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Answer 5

relief of anxiety and insomnia

Question 6

which chemical moiety is responsible for the sedative-hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 6

electronegative substituent in the 7 position

Question 7

where are benzodiazepines metabolized?

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

what are the three metabolites of benzodiazepine metabolism? what are their half lives?

Answer 8

1. inactive soluble glucuronides (3-hydroxy benzos) - short half life
2. weakly active (triazolo benzos) - short half life
3. long lived active (2-keto benzos) - long half life

Question 9

which benzodiazepine metabolites are not influenced by age? which ARE influenced by age?

Answer 9

1. not influenced by age - 3-hydroxy

2. influenced by age - 2-keto

Question 10

what is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines?

Answer 10

1. potentiate effects of GABA at GABAa receptors

2. increase frequency of opening and conductance

Question 11

what are the major adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 11

1. respiratory depression
2. tolerance
3. anterograde amnesia
4. dependence
5. withdrawal

Question 12

what is the function of flumazenil?

Answer 12

benzodiazepine antagonist

Question 13

what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine antagonists?

Answer 13

compeititive inhibitor that binds to the BZ receptor - reverses effects of benzodiazepine

Question 14

what is the clinical use for the benzodiazepine-like (Z) drugs?

Answer 14

insomnia

Question 15

what are the barbiturate drugs?

Answer 15

1. pentobarbital
2. phenobarbital
3. thiopental

Question 16

what are the clinical uses for the barbiturates?

Answer 16

1. anesthesia
2. sedative hypnotic
3. anticonvulsant
4. medically induced coma

Question 17

what is the mechanism of action for barbiturates?

Answer 17

increase duration of GABA-gated chloride channel opening

Question 18

what type of drug is ramelteon? what is the clinical use?

Answer 18

1. sedative

2. insomnia

Question 19

what is the MOA of ramelteon?

Answer 19

melatonin receptor agonist

Question 20

what type of drug is buspirone? what is the MOA?

Answer 20

1. NON-sedating anxiolytic

2. partial agonist at 5HT1a (auto)receptors

Question 21

what is the beta blocker sedative hypnotic?

Answer 21

propanolol

Question 22

what are the antihistamine sedative hypnotics?

Answer 22

1. hydroxyzine

2. diphenhydramine

Question 23

flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam, midazolam are what type of drug? what is the MOA?

Answer 23

1. benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs

2. potentiate effects of GABA at GABAa receptors and increase frequency of opening and conductance

Question 24

alprazolam, clorazepate, diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam are what type of drug? what is the MOA?

Answer 24

1. benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs

2. potentiate effects of GABA at GABAa receptors and increase frequency of opening and conductance

Question 25

zolpidem and eszopiclone are what type of drug? what is the MOA?

Answer 25

1. benzodiazepine-like (Z) drugs

2. potentiate effects of GABA at GABAa receptors and increase frequency of opening and conductance